I-sheath okanye i-sheath yangaphandle lulwaleko olukhuselayo olungaphandle kwisakhiwo se-optical cable, oluyenziwe kakhulu ngezinto ze-PE sheath kunye nezinto ze-PVC sheath, kwaye izinto ze-sheath ezingenamlilo ezingena-halogen kunye nezinto ze-sheath ezimelana nokulandelela ngombane zisetyenziswa kwiziganeko ezikhethekileyo.
1. Izinto zesingxobo se-PE
I-PE sisifinyezo se-polyethylene, esiyinxalenye ye-polymer eyenziwe yi-polymerization ye-ethylene. Izinto ze-polyethylene sheath ezimnyama zenziwe ngokuxuba kunye ne-granulating polyethylene resin kunye ne-stabilizer, i-carbon black, i-antioxidant kunye ne-plasticizer ngokulinganayo. Izinto ze-polyethylene sheath zee-sheath ze-optical cable zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-polyethylene ephantsi-density (LDPE), i-polyethylene ephantsi-density (LLDPE), i-polyethylene ephakathi-density (MDPE) kunye ne-polyethylene ephezulu-density (HDPE) ngokwe-density. Ngenxa yobuninzi bazo obahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo ze-molecular, zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. I-polyethylene ephantsi-density, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene ephezulu-pressure, yenziwa yi-copolymerization ye-ethylene kuxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-1500 atmospheres) kwi-200-300°C ene-oxygen njenge-catalyst. Ke ngoko, i-molecular chain ye-polyethylene ephantsi-density inamasebe amaninzi anobude obahlukeneyo, anezinga eliphezulu le-chain branching, isakhiwo esingahambelaniyo, i-crystallinity ephantsi, kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle kunye nokwandiswa. I-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi, yenziwa ngokupholisha i-ethylene kuxinzelelo oluphantsi (i-atmospheres eyi-1-5) kunye nama-60-80°C ngee-catalysts ze-aluminium kunye ne-titanium. Ngenxa yokusasazwa okuncinci kwe-molecular weight ye-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-molecules, ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, ukumelana okuhle kweekhemikhali kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kobushushu. Izinto ze-sheath ze-polyethylene enoxinano oluphakathi zenziwa ngokudibanisa i-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu kunye ne-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, okanye ngokupholisha i-ethylene monomer kunye ne-propylene (okanye i-monomer yesibini ye-1-butene). Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kwe-polyethylene enoxinano oluphakathi kuphakathi kwe-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu kunye ne-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi, kwaye inokuguquguquka kwe-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi kunye nokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka kunye namandla okutsalwa kwe-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu. I-polyethylene enoxinano oluphantsi olucwangcisiweyo yenziwe nge-gas phase okanye indlela yesisombululo enoxinano oluphantsi kunye ne-ethylene monomer kunye ne-2-olefin. I-branching degree ye-linear low-density polyethylene iphakathi koxinano oluphantsi kunye noxinano oluphezulu, ngoko ke inokumelana okuhle kokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo. Ukumelana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lokuchonga umgangatho wezinto ze-PE. Ibhekisa kwinto yokuba isiqwenga sovavanyo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo sichaphazeleke kukuqhekeka koxinzelelo olugobileyo kwindawo engqongileyo ye-surfactant. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwezinto ziquka: ubunzima be-molecular, ukusasazwa kobunzima be-molecular, i-crystallinity, kunye ne-microstructure ye-molecular chain. Okukhona ubunzima be-molecular bukhulu, kokukhona ukusasazwa kobunzima be-molecular, kokukhona unxibelelwano olungakumbi phakathi kwee-wafers, kokukhona ukumelana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zingcono, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo buhlala ixesha elide; kwangaxeshanye, ukwakheka kwe-crystallization yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo nako kuchaphazela esi salathisi. Okukhona i-crystallinity iphantsi, kokukhona ukumelana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zingcono. Amandla okuxinana kunye nokwandiswa xa kuqhekeka izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-PE zezinye iimpawu zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zinokuxela kwangaphambili isiphelo sokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umxholo wekhabhoni kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-PE unokumelana ngempumelelo nokukhukuliseka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ii-antioxidants zinokuphucula ngempumelelo iipropati ze-antioxidant zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
2. Izinto zeplastiki zeshelufu
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye zePVC ziqulathe iiathom zekhlorine, eziya kutsha elangatyeni. Xa zitsha, ziya kubola zize zikhuphe inani elikhulu legesi ye-HCL ebolileyo neyityhefu, eya kubangela umonakalo wesibini, kodwa ziya kuzicima xa ziphuma elangatyeni, ngoko ke zineempawu zokungasasazi ilangatye; kwangaxeshanye, izinto zesheya zePVC zinokuguquguquka okuhle nokwandiswa, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-optical zangaphakathi.
3. Izinto zesingxobo esigcina ilangatye esingenalo i-halogen
Ekubeni i-polyvinyl chloride iza kuvelisa iigesi ezinobuthi xa zitsha, abantu baye bavelisa izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezingenamsi, ezingenayo i-halogen, ezingenayo ityhefu, nezicocekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukongeza izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezingenayo i-Al (OH)3 kunye ne-Mg (OH)2 kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-sheath, eziza kukhupha amanzi ekristale xa zidibana nomlilo kwaye zifunxe ubushushu obuninzi, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ubushushu bezinto ze-sheath ukuba zinganyuki kwaye zithintele ukutsha. Ekubeni izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen zongezwa kwizinto ze-sheath ezingenayo i-halogen, ukuhanjiswa kweepolymers kuya kwanda. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-resins kunye nezinto ezigcina ilangabi ezingenayo i-organic zizinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo zezigaba ezibini. Ngexesha lokucubungula, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuxubana okungalinganiyo kwezinto ezigcina ilangabi ngaphakathi. Izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezingenayo i-organic kufuneka zongezwe ngamanani afanelekileyo. Ukuba umlinganiselo mkhulu kakhulu, amandla oomatshini kunye nobude ekuqhekekeni kwezinto ziya kuncipha kakhulu. Izalathi zokuvavanya iimpawu ezigcina ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen yi-oxygen index kunye noxinzelelo lomsi. I-oxygen index yeyona oxygen concentration incinci efunekayo ukuze izinto zigcine ukutsha okulinganayo kwi-gas exutyiweyo ye-oxygen kunye ne-nitrogen. Okukhona isalathisi seoksijini sikhulu, kokukhona iimpawu ezithintela ilangatye zezinto ezisetyenziswayo ziya kuba ngcono. Uxinzelelo lomsi lubalwa ngokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa komsi wokukhanya ohamba ngaxeshanye odlula kumsi oveliswa kukutsha kwezinto kwindawo ethile kunye nobude bendlela ebonakalayo. Okukhona uxinzelelo lomsi luphantsi, kokukhona ukukhutshwa komsi kuphantsi kwaye kokukhona ukusebenza kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kuphucuka.
4. Izinto zesingxobo ezingamelaniyo nophawu lombane
Kukho intambo ye-optical ezixhasayo (ADSS) efumaneka kwi-tower enye enemigca ephezulu ye-voltage kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano lwamandla. Ukuze boyise impembelelo yentsimi yombane ye-induction ephezulu kwi-cable sheath, abantu baye baphuhlisa baza bavelisa izinto ezintsha ze-electric scarves resistant, izinto ze-sheath ngokulawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-carbon black, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa kwamasuntswana amnyama e-carbon, bongeza izongezo ezikhethekileyo ukwenza izinto ze-sheath zibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-electric scarves resistant.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-26-2024