Ukusebenza kwezinto ezikhuselayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobubanzi besicelo seengcingo kunye neentambo. Ukusebenza kwezinto ezikhuselayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobubanzi besicelo seengcingo kunye neentambo.
1.PVC iingcingo ze-polyvinyl chloride kunye neentambo
Ipolyvinyl chloride (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengeI-PVC) izinto zokugquma ziyimixube apho izinzisi, iiplastiki, iiretardants zomlilo, izithambisi kunye nezinye izongezo zongezwa kwiPVC powder. Ngokwezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zeempawu zeengcingo kunye neentambo, ifomyula ilungiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yokuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa, iteknoloji yokuvelisa kunye nokucubungula i-PVC ngoku ikhulile kakhulu. I-PVC insulating material inezicelo ezibanzi kakhulu kwintsimi yeengcingo kunye neentambo kwaye ineempawu zayo ezahlukileyo:
A. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ikhulile, kulula ukuyiqulunqa kunye nokusebenza. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezixhobo zokugquma intambo, ayinaxabiso eliphantsi nje kuphela, kodwa inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo umahluko wombala, isicwebezelisi, ukuprinta, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthamba kunye nobulukhuni bomphezulu wocingo, ukunamathela komqhubi, kunye neempawu zoomatshini nezomzimba kunye neempawu zombane zocingo ngokwalo.
B. Inomsebenzi oncomekayo wokubuyiswa komlilo, ngoko ke iingcingo zePVC ezigqunyiweyo zinokuhlangabezana ngokulula namadangatye abuyiswayo achazwe yimigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
C. Ngokubhekiselele ekuxhathiseni ubushushu, ngokuphucula kunye nokuphuculwa kweefomyula eziphathekayo, iintlobo ezisetyenziswa ngoku eziqhelekileyo zokugquma kwePVC ziquka ezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo:
Ngokombane olinganisiweyo, usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumanqanaba ombane alinganiswe kwi-1000V AC nangaphantsi, kwaye anokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini afana nezixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo kunye neemitha, izibane, kunye nonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi.
I-PVC ikwanazo ezinye iingxaki ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo:
A. Ngenxa yesiqulatho sayo seklorine ephezulu, iya kukhupha Umsi omninzi womsi xa utshisa, onokubangela ukufuthanisela, kuchaphazele ukubonakala, kwaye kuvelise ezinye i-carcinogens kunye negesi yeHCl, ebangela ingozi enkulu kwindalo. Ngophuhliso lomsi ophantsi we-zero halogen insulation material production technology, ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwePVC ibe yinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lweentambo.
B. Ukugquma kwePVC okuqhelekileyo kunokumelana kakubi neeasidi kunye nealkali, ioli yobushushu, kunye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ngokomgaqo wemichiza ofana nokunyibilika, iingcingo zePVC zithandwa kakhulu kumonakalo kunye nokuqhekeka kwindawo ethile ekhankanywe. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Iintambo zePVC zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zendlu, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, izixhobo zoomatshini, izixhobo kunye neemitha, unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, iintambo zokwakha kunye nezinye iindawo.
2. Iingcingo ze-polyethylene ezidityanisiweyo kunye neentambo
I-Cross-linked PE (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengeXLPE) luhlobo lwe-polyethylene olunokuguqula ukusuka kwisakhiwo se-molecular linear ukuya kwi-three-dimensional three-dimensional structure phantsi kweemeko ezithile phantsi kwesenzo semisebe ephezulu yamandla okanye i-agent edibeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, itshintsha ukusuka kwi-thermoplastic ukuya kwi-insoluble thermosetting plastic.
Okwangoku, ekusetyenzisweni kocingo kunye nokufakelwa kwentambo, kukho iindlela ezintathu zokudibanisa:
A. I-Peroxide cross-linking: Ibandakanya kuqala ukusebenzisa i-polyethylene resin ngokudibanisa kunye ne-agent edibeneyo edibeneyo kunye ne-antioxidants, kwaye ungeze amanye amacandelo njengoko kufunekayo ukuvelisa amasuntswana omxube we-polyethylene. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha, ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yokudibanisa i-steam cross-linking.
B. Silane cross-linking (amanzi ashushu cross-linking) : Oku kukwayindlela yokudibanisa imichiza. Indlela yayo ephambili kukunqumla i-organosiloxane kunye ne-polyethylene phantsi kweemeko ezithile, a
kunye neqondo lokuxhumanisa ngokubanzi linokufikelela malunga ne-60%.
C. I-Irradiation cross-linking: Isebenzisa imitha ye-energy ephezulu njenge-R-rays, i-alpha ray, kunye ne-electron ray ukuze isebenze i-athomu ye-carbon kwi-polyethylene macromolecules kwaye ibangele ukudibanisa. Imitha ye-energy ephezulu edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintambo kunye neentambo yimitha ye-electron eyenziwa yi-electron accelerators. Kuba oku kudityaniswa komnqamlezo kuxhomekeke kumandla omzimba, kungowokunxibelelanisa ngokomzimba.
Ezi ndlela zintathu zingasentla ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa:
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-thermoplastic polyethylene (PVC), ukugqunywa kwe-XLPE kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
A. Iphucule ukuxhathisa ukuguqulwa kobushushu, iphucule iimpawu zomatshini kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu, kwaye yaphucula ukuchasana noxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuguga kobushushu.
B. Iphucule ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana ne-solvent, ukunciphisa ukuhamba okubandayo, kwaye ngokusisiseko igcine ukusebenza kombane kwasekuqaleni. Ubushushu bokusebenza bexesha elide linokufikelela kwi-125℃ kunye ne-150℃. I-cross-linked polyethylene insulated wire kunye nentambo iphinda iphucule ukuxhathisa i-short-circuit, kunye nokumelana nobushushu bexesha elifutshane kunokufikelela Kwi-250 ℃, iingcingo kunye neentambo zobukhulu obufanayo, umthamo wangoku we-polyethylene edibeneyo edibeneyo inkulu kakhulu.
C. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, zokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nemitha, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Okunje: iingcingo zoqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi lwezixhobo zombane, iintambo zombane, iintambo zokukhanyisa, iingcingo zokulawula imiqondiso ephantsi-voltage yemoto, iingcingo zelocomotive, iingcingo kunye neentambo zeendlela ezihamba phantsi komhlaba, iintambo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo emigodini, iintambo zaselwandle, iintambo zokubeka amandla enyukliya, iingcingo ezinevoltage eziphakamileyo zeTV, iingcingo zombane eziphezulu ze-X-RAY, iintambo zombane, iintambo zombane ze-XRAY, iintambo zombane, i-XRAY njl.
Iingcingo ezigqunyiweyo ze-XLPE kunye neentambo zineengenelo ezibalulekileyo, kodwa zikwanazo nezingeloncedo zendalo ezithintela usetyenziso lwazo:
A. Ukusebenza kakubi kokubambelela kubushushu. Xa kucutshungulwa kwaye kusetyenziswa iingcingo ngaphaya kobushushu bawo obulinganisiweyo, kulula ukuba iingcingo zinamathele omnye komnye. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokukhokelela kumonakalo we-insulation kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane.
B. Ukunganyangeki kokuqhuba ubushushu. Kubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-200℃, ukugquma kweengcingo kuba yinto ethambileyo kakhulu. Xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle ukucudisa okanye ukungqubana, idla ngokubangela ukuba iingcingo zinqumle kunye nesekethe emfutshane.
C. Kunzima ukulawula umahluko wombala phakathi kweebhetshi. Iingxaki ezinje ngemikrwelo, ukwenziwa mhlophe kunye neempawu eziprintiweyo ezixobukayo ziqhele ukwenzeka ngexesha lokusetyenzwa.
D. I-insulation ye-XLPE enezinga lokumelana nokushisa kwe-150 ℃ i-halogen-free kwaye inokudlula uvavanyo lokutshisa i-VW-1 ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-UL1581, ngelixa igcina iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nombane. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imiqobo ethile kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa kwaye ixabiso liphezulu.
3. Iingcingo zeerabha zeSilicone kunye neentambo
Iimolekyuli ze-polymer zerubha ye-silicone zizakhiwo zekhonkco ezenziwe yi-SI-O (i-silicon-oxygen) iibhondi. Ibhondi ye-SI-O yi-443.5KJ / MOL, ephezulu kakhulu kunamandla e-CC bond (355KJ / MOL). Uninzi lweingcingo zerabha ye-silicone kunye neentambo ziveliswa nge-extrusion ebandayo kunye neenkqubo ze-vulcanization zobushushu obuphezulu. Phakathi kweengcingo ezahlukeneyo zerabha kunye neentambo, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esisodwa semolekyuli, irabha ye-silicone inokusebenza okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iirubha eziqhelekileyo.
A. Ithambile ngokugqithisileyo, inonwebeka kakuhle, ayinavumba kwaye ayinabungozi, kwaye ayoyiki amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye inokumelana nengqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa olusebenzayo luvela kwi -90 ukuya kwi-300 ℃. Irabha yeSilicone inokumelana nobushushu obungcono kunerabha eqhelekileyo. Ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kwi-200℃ kunye nexesha elithile kwi-350 ℃.
B. Ukumelana nemozulu okugqwesileyo. Nangona emva kokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu, iimpawu zayo zomzimba ziye zatshintsha kuphela utshintsho oluncinci.
C. I-rubber ye-Silicone ine-resistivity ephezulu kakhulu kwaye ukuchasana kwayo kuhlala kuzinzile phezu koluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo okushisa kunye nee-frequencies.
Ngeli xesha, irabha ye-silicone inokumelana okugqwesileyo kokukhutshwa kwe-corona ephezulu kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-arc. Iingcingo zerabha ezigqunyiweyo ze-silicone kunye neentambo zinolu luhlu lungasentla lwezibonelelo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiingcingo zesixhobo esinamandla ombane aphezulu kumabonakude, iingcingo ezinobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bee-oveni zemicrowave, iingcingo zabapheki be-induction, iingcingo zePOTS zekofu, zikhokelela kwizibane, izixhobo ze-UV, izibane ze-halogen, iingcingo zoqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi kunye neefenitshala zasekhaya, ngakumbi iingcingo ze-oven.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeentsilelo zayo zikwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi. Umzekelo:
A. Ukunganyangeki kakuhle kweenyembezi. Ngethuba lokucutshungulwa okanye ukusetyenziswa, kuxhomekeke kumonakalo ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwamandla angaphandle, ukukrazula kunye nokugaya, oku kunokubangela isiphaluka esifutshane. Umlinganiselo wangoku wokukhusela ukongeza umaleko wefiber yeglasi okanye i-high-temperature polyester fiber ephothiweyo ngaphandle kwe-silicone insulation. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokucutshungulwa, kusafuneka ukuba ugweme ukulimala okubangelwa ngamandla angaphandle ukukhama kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
B. I-agent ye-vulcanizing okwangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni i-vulcanization iphindwe kabini, isibini, isine. Le arhente ivulcanizing iqulethe chlorine. Ii-halogen-free vulcanizing agents ngokupheleleyo (ezifana neplatinam vulcanizing) zineemfuno ezingqongqo zobushushu bemeko yemveliso kwaye zibiza. Ngoko ke, xa kusetyenzwa iintambo zocingo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe la manqaku alandelayo: uxinzelelo lwevili loxinzelelo akufanele lube phezulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli yerabha ukunqanda ukuqhekeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, nto leyo enokukhokelela kuxhathiso olulambathayo.
4. Umnqamlezo we-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) irabha (XLEPDM) yocingo
I-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) i-rubber edibeneyo i-cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) i-terpolymer ye-ethylene, i-propylene kunye ne-non-conjugated diene, edibeneyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zekhemikhali okanye i-irradiation. I-Cross-linked EPDM irabha egqunyiweyo yocingo idibanisa iingenelo zazo zombini i-polyolefin yocingo olugqunyiweyo kunye nocingo oluqhelekileyo lwerabha olugqunyiweyo:
A. Ithambile, ibhetyebhetye, i-elastic, ayibambeki kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguga kwexesha elide, kunye nokumelana neemeko zemozulu ezinzima (-60 ukuya kwi-125℃).
B. Ukuxhathisa kwe-ozone, ukuxhathisa kwe-UV, ukuxhathisa ukugquma kombane, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kweekhemikhali.
C. Ukuxhathisa kwe-oyile kunye nokunyibilika kwe-solvent kuthelekiseka naleyo yenjongo eqhelekileyo yokugquma irabha yekloroprene. Icutshungulwa ngezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezishushu ezitshisayo kunye ne-irradiation cross-linking yamkelwe, elula ukuyiqhuba kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. I-ethylene propylene diene monomer (i-EPDM) i-cross-linked ethylene diene monomer (EPDM) iingcingo ezigqunyiweyo zineenzuzo ezininzi ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumasimi anje ngefriji yecompressor lead, iimoto ezingangeni manzi, iintambo zetransformer, iintambo ezihamba emigodini, ukugrumba, iimoto, izixhobo zonyango, iinqanawa, kunye neentambo zombane zangaphakathi zombane.
Ezona zinto zingalunganga ngeengcingo ze-XLEPDM zezi:
A. Njengeengcingo ze-XLPE kunye ne-PVC, inokumelana nokukrazuka okulambathayo.
B. Ukubambelela kakubi kunye nokuzincama kuchaphazela inkqubo elandelayo.
5. Iingcingo zeFluoroplastic kunye neentambo
Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqhelekileyo ze-polyethylene kunye ne-polyvinyl chloride, iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zinezi mpawu zilandelayo:
A. I-fluoroplastics ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu inozinzo olumangalisayo lwe-thermal, eyenza ukuba iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobushushu obuphezulu ukusuka kwi-150 ukuya kwi-250 degrees Celsius. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yabaqhubi abanommandla ofanayo we-cross-sectional, iintambo ze-fluoroplastic ziyakwazi ukuhambisa umbane omkhulu ovumelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwesicelo solu hlobo locingo olufakwe kwi-insulated. Ngenxa yale propati ikhethekileyo, iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthungatha kwangaphakathi kunye neengcingo ezikhokelayo kwinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, iziko lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zombane.
B. I-flame retardancy elungileyo: I-Fluoroplastics inesalathisi esiphezulu se-oksijeni, kwaye xa ivutha, uluhlu lokusasaza ilangatye luncinci, luvelisa umsi omncinci. Intambo eyenziwe kuyo ifanelekile kwizixhobo kunye neendawo ezineemfuno eziqinileyo zokutshatyalaliswa komlilo. Umzekelo: uthungelwano lwekhompyutha, oololiwe abahamba ngaphantsi komhlaba, izithuthi, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke, njl.njl. Nje ukuba kuqhambuke umlilo, abantu banokuba nexesha elithile lokuphuma ngaphandle kokuwiswa ngumsi oshinyeneyo, ngaloo ndlela befumana ixesha elixabisekileyo lokuhlangula.
C. Ukusebenza kombane okugqwesileyo: Xa kuthelekiswa ne-polyethylene, i-fluoroplastics ine-dielectric constant ephantsi. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa neentambo ze-coaxial zezakhiwo ezifanayo, iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zine-attenuation encinci kwaye zifaneleke ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa kwe-high-frequency signal. Kule mihla, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwekhebula kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-fluoroplastics, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengeingcingo zangaphakathi zothumelo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano, ii-jumpers phakathi kwee-feed transmitters kunye nee-transmitters, kunye nevidiyo kunye neentambo zomsindo. Ukongeza, iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zinamandla afanelekileyo e-dielectric kunye nokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa njengeentambo zokulawula izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye neemitha.
D. Iipropathi ezigqibeleleyo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali: I-Fluoroplastics inamandla amakhulu okudibanisa imichiza, uzinzo oluphezulu, phantse ayichatshazelwa lutshintsho lobushushu, kwaye inokumelana nokuguga kwemozulu entle kunye namandla omatshini. Kwaye ayichatshazelwa yi-acids eyahlukeneyo, i-alkali kunye ne-solvents eziphilayo. Ke ngoko, ilungele imeko-bume ezinotshintsho olubalulekileyo lwemozulu kunye neemeko ezinobungozi, ezinje ngepetrochemicals, ukucocwa kweoyile, kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo se-oyile.
E. Iququzelela ukudityaniswa kwe-welding Kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, unxibelelwano oluninzi lwenziwa nge-welding. Ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi lokunyibilika kweeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, zivame ukunyibilika ngokulula kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zifuna izakhono zobuchule bokuwelda. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amanqaku e-weld adinga ixesha elithile le-welding, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iintambo ze-fluoroplastic zithandwa. Njengocingo lwangaphakathi lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zombane.
Ewe kunjalo, i-fluoroplastics isenezinto ezingalunganga ezinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo:
A. Ixabiso lempahla ekrwada liphezulu. Okwangoku, imveliso yasekhaya isaxhomekeke ikakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe (iDaikin yaseJapan kunye neDuPont yaseUnited States). Nangona i-fluoroplastics yasekhaya iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintlobo zemveliso zisangatshatanga. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kusekho i-gap ethile ekuzinzeni kwe-thermal kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibanzi zezinto.
B. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezikhuselayo, inkqubo yokuvelisa inzima kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphantsi, iimpawu eziprintiweyo ziyakwazi ukuwa, kwaye ilahleko inkulu, eyenza ixabiso lemveliso liphezulu.
Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke ezi ntlobo zikhankanywe ngasentla zezixhobo zokugquma, ngokukodwa ubushushu obuphezulu bezinto ezikhethekileyo zokugquma kunye nokumelana nobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-105 ℃, kusekwixesha lenguqu e-China. Ingaba imveliso yocingo okanye i-wire harness processing, akukho nkqubo yokuvuthwa kuphela, kodwa kunye nenkqubo yokuqonda ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kolu hlobo locingo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2025