Izinto zePolyolefin, ezaziwa ngeempawu zazo zombane ezibalaseleyo, ukusebenziseka lula, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo, ziye zaba zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni nasekufakeni i-sheath kwishishini leentambo kunye neentambo.
Iipolyolefins ziipolymers ezinobunzima obuphezulu ezenziwe ngeemolekyuli ezisuka kwiimonomer ze-olefin ezifana ne-ethylene, i-propylene, kunye ne-butene. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo, kwiipakethe, kulwakhiwo, kwiimoto, nakwiishishini zonyango.
Kwimveliso yeentambo, izixhobo ze-polyolefin zibonelela ngokuqina okuphantsi kwe-dielectric, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana okubalaseleyo kweekhemikhali, okuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide. Iimpawu zazo zokungabi na-halogen kunye nokuphinde zisetyenziswe zihambelana neendlela zanamhlanje zokuvelisa eziluhlaza nezizinzileyo.
I. Uhlulo ngokweMonomer Type
1. I-Polyethylene (PE)
I-Polyethylene (PE) yi-thermoplastic resin eyenziwe nge-polymer evela kwi-ethylene monomers kwaye yenye yeeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusekelwe kubuninzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-molecular, yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ze-LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, kunye ne-XLPE.
(1)I-Polyethylene eNcinci (LDPE)
Ulwakhiwo: Yenziwe yi-high-pressure free-radical polymerization; inee-branched chain ezininzi, ezine-crystallinity ye-55–65% kunye noxinano lwe-0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Iimpawu: Ithambile, ayibonakali, kwaye ayichaphazeleki kodwa inokumelana nobushushu okuphakathi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80 °C).
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesixhobo sokufaka ishedi kwiintambo zonxibelelwano kunye nezesignali, ukulinganisela ukuguquguquka kunye nokukhusela.
(2) I-Polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu (i-HDPE)
Ulwakhiwo: I-Polmerized phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi ngee-catalysts ze-Ziegler-Natta; inamasebe ambalwa okanye ayinawo kwaphela, i-crystallinity ephezulu (80-95%), kunye noxinano lwe-0.94-0.96 g/cm³.
Iimpawu: Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lweekhemikhali, kodwa ubunzima bayo buncitshiswe kancinci kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiileya zokufakelwa ubushushu, ii-conduit zonxibelelwano, kunye nee-fiber optic cable sheaths, ezibonelela ngemozulu engcono kunye nokhuseleko loomatshini, ngakumbi kwiifektri zangaphandle okanye ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
(3) I-Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Ulwakhiwo: I-Copolymerized evela kwi-ethylene kunye ne-α-olefin, ene-short-chain branching; uxinano luphakathi kwe-0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Iimpawu: Idibanisa ukuguquguquka namandla kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza okugqwesileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa: Ifanelekile kwi-sheath kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kwiintambo eziphantsi kunye neziphakathi kunye neentambo zokulawula, nto leyo ephucula impembelelo kunye nokumelana nokugoba.
(4)I-Polyethylene eDibeneyo (XLPE)
Ulwakhiwo: Inethiwekhi enamacala amathathu eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kweekhemikhali okanye ngokwasemzimbeni (i-silane, i-peroxide, okanye i-electron-beam).
Iimpawu: Ukumelana okugqwesileyo kobushushu, amandla oomatshini, ubushushu bombane, kunye nokumelana nemozulu.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zamandla eziphakathi neziphezulu, iintambo zamandla ezintsha, kunye neentambo zocingo zeemoto — izinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeentambo zanamhlanje.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-Polypropylene (PP), eyenziwe nge-polymer evela kwi-propylene, inobunzima obuyi-0.89–0.92 g/cm³, indawo yokunyibilika eyi-164–176 °C, kunye nomgangatho wobushushu bokusebenza obuyi--30 °C ukuya kwi-140 °C.
Iimpawu: Ilula, inamandla aphezulu oomatshini, iyamelana neekhemikhali ngendlela egqwesileyo, kwaye ikhusela umbane ngendlela egqwesileyo.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokukhusela esingena-halogen kwiintambo. Njengoko kugxininiswa ngakumbi kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, i-cross-linked polypropylene (XLPP) kunye ne-modified copolymer PP ziya zithatha indawo ye-polyethylene yendabuko kwiinkqubo zeentambo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezombane ophezulu, ezifana noololiwe, amandla omoya, kunye neentambo zezithuthi zombane.
3. I-Polybutylene (PB)
I-Polybutylene iquka i-Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) kunye ne-Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Iimpawu: Ukumelana nobushushu okugqwesileyo, uzinzo lweekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nokurhubuluza.
Izicelo: I-PB-1 isetyenziswa kwiipayipi, iifilimu, kunye nokupakisha, ngelixa i-PIB isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iintambo njengejeli yokuthintela amanzi, i-sealant, kunye ne-filling compound ngenxa yokungangeni kwayo kwigesi kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali—esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintambo ze-fiber optic zokuvala kunye nokukhusela ukufuma.
II. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zePolyolefin
(1) I-Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
I-EVA idibanisa i-ethylene kunye ne-vinyl acetate, enokuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nokubanda (igcina ukuguquguquka kwi--50 °C).
Iimpawu: Ithambile, ayichaphazeleki, ayinatyhefu, kwaye ayigugi.
Ukusetyenziswa: Kwiintambo, i-EVA idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesiguquli sokuguquguquka okanye i-carrier resin kwi-Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) formulations, iphucula uzinzo lokucubungula kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto zokukhusela kunye nezixhobo ze-sheath ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
(2) I-Polyethylene enobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu (UHMWPE)
Njengoko ubunzima be-molecular bungaphezulu kwe-1.5 yezigidi, i-UHMWPE yiplastiki yobunjineli ephezulu.
Iimpawu: Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu phakathi kweplastiki, amandla okuchatshazelwa aphindwe kahlanu kune-ABS, ukumelana okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali, kunye nokufunxwa okuncinci komswakama.
Ukusetyenziswa: Kusetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-optical kunye neentambo ezikhethekileyo njenge-high-wear sheathing okanye i-coating yezinto ezixineneyo, okwandisa ukumelana nomonakalo woomatshini kunye nokukrala.
III. Isiphelo
Izinto zePolyolefin azina-halogen, azitshisi kakhulu, kwaye azinatyhefu xa zitshisiwe. Zibonelela ngozinzo oluhle kakhulu lombane, loomatshini, kunye nolokucubungula, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngobuchwepheshe bokudibanisa, ukuxuba, kunye nokudibanisa.
Ngenxa yokudibanisa kwazo ukhuseleko, ukuba nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo, izixhobo ze-polyolefin ziye zaba yinkqubo yezinto eziphambili kushishino lwanamhlanje lwentambo kunye neentambo. Ukujonga phambili, njengoko amacandelo afana nezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ii-photovoltaics, kunye nonxibelelwano lwedatha eqhubeka nokukhula, uyilo olutsha kwizicelo ze-polyolefin luya kuqhuba ngakumbi uphuhliso oluphezulu noluzinzileyo lweshishini leentambo.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-17-2025