Izixhobo zePolyolefin, ezaziwa ngeempawu zazo zombane ezibalaseleyo, ukuqhubekeka, kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo, ziye zaba yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukugquma kunye nezixhobo zesheath kushishino lweentambo kunye neentambo.
IiPolyolefins ziipolima ezinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli ezenziwe kwii-olefin monomers ezifana ne-ethylene, propylene, kunye ne-butene. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo, ukupakishwa, ukwakhiwa, iimoto kunye namashishini ezonyango.
Kwimveliso yentambo, izixhobo ze-pololefin zibonelela nge-dielectric ephantsi, ukugquma okuphezulu, kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali okubalaseleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide. Iimpawu zabo ezingenayo i-halogen kunye ne-recyclable nazo zihambelana neendlela zangoku kwimveliso eluhlaza kunye nezinzileyo.
I. Ukuhlelwa ngokohlobo lweMonomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
I-Polyethylene (PE) yintlaka ye-thermoplastic eyenziwe ipolymer ukusuka kwi-ethylene monomers kwaye yenye yezona plastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokusekwe kubuninzi kunye nesakhiwo seemolekyuli, yahlulwe yaba yi-LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, kunye neentlobo zeXLPE.
(1)IPolyethylene yoXinano oluPhantsi (LDPE)
Ulwakhiwo: Iveliswe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwepolymerization yasimahla; iqulathe amatyathanga amaninzi anamasebe, kunye nobucwebe obuyi 55–65% kunye noxinzelelo lwe 0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Iipropati: Ithambile, ayicacanga, kwaye iyamelana nempembelelo kodwa inokumelana nobushushu obuphakathi (ukuya kuma malunga nama-80 °C).
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesixhobo se-sheath sonxibelelwano kunye neentambo zesignali, ukulungelelanisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokugquma.
(2) I-Polyethylene yoXinano oluPhezulu (HDPE)
Ulwakhiwo: Ipolymerized phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi ngeZiegler–Natta catalysts; inamasebe ambalwa okanye awanayo, icrystallinity ephezulu (80–95%), kunye noxinano lwe 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Iipropati: Amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo, kodwa kuncitshiswe kancinci ubushushu obuphantsi.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-insulation layers, i-conduits yonxibelelwano, kunye ne-fiber optic cable sheaths, ebonelela ngemozulu ephezulu kunye nokhuseleko lomatshini, ngakumbi ukufakelwa kwangaphandle okanye phantsi komhlaba.
(3) Umgca wePolyethylene yoXinano oluPhantsi (LLDPE)
Isakhiwo: I-Copolymerized esuka kwi-ethylene kunye ne-α-olefin, kunye ne-short-chain branching; Uxinaniso phakathi kwe-0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Iipropathi: Idibanisa ukuguquguquka kunye namandla kunye nokumelana nokugqabhuka okugqwesileyo.
Izicelo: Ifanelekile kwi-sheath kunye ne-insulation materials kwi-low-and medium-voltage cables kunye neentambo zokulawula, ukuphucula impembelelo kunye nokumelana nokugoba.
(4)IPolyethylene eDityanisiweyo (XLPE)
Ulwakhiwo: Uthungelwano olumacala-ntathu olwenziwa ngokudibanisa imichiza okanye ngokomzimba (i-silane, iperoxide, okanye i-electron-beam).
Iipropati: Ukumelana ne-thermal okugqwesileyo, amandla omatshini, ukugqunywa kombane, kunye nemozulu.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zamandla aphakathi kunye naphezulu, iintambo zamandla amatsha, kunye neentambo zokubopha i-automotive wiring-izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma kwimveliso yeentambo zanamhlanje.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
I-Polypropylene (PP), i-polymerized ukusuka kwipropylene, inoxinano lwe-0.89-0.92 g/cm³, indawo yokunyibilika ye-164-176 °C, kunye noluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lokusebenza -30 °C ukuya kwi-140 °C.
Iipropathi: Ikhaphukhaphu, amandla aphezulu omatshini, ukumelana nekhemikhali okugqwesileyo, kunye nokufakelwa kombane okuphezulu.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengento yokugquma i-halogen-free kwiintambo. Ngokugxininiswa okukhulayo ekukhuselweni kwendalo, i-polypropylene edibeneyo (i-XLPP) kunye ne-copolymer PP eguquliweyo iya ithatha indawo ye-polyethylene yendabuko kwi-high-high-high-high-voltage cable systems, njengomzila kaloliwe, amandla omoya, kunye neentambo zemoto zombane.
3. Ipolybutylene (PB)
I-Polybutylene ibandakanya iPoly(1-butene) (PB-1) kunye nePolyisobutylene (PIB).
Iipropati: Ukumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nokunyuka.
Izicelo: I-PB-1 isetyenziswe kwimibhobho, iifilimu kunye nokupakisha, ngelixa i-PIB isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-cable yokuvelisa njenge-gel yokuvimbela amanzi, i-sealant, kunye ne-compound yokuzalisa ngenxa yokungabikho kwegesi kunye ne-inertness yekhemikhali-ehlala isetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-fiber optic zokutywinwa kunye nokukhusela umswakama.
II. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zePolyolefin
(1) I-Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
I-EVA idibanisa i-ethylene kunye ne-vinyl acetate, ebonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nokubanda (igcina ukuguquguquka kwi -50 ° C).
Iipropati: Ithambile, iyaxhathisa, ayinatyhefu, kwaye iyaxhathisa ukuguga.
Izicelo: Kwiintambo, i-EVA isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-flexibility modifier okanye i-resin carrier in the Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) formulations, ukuphucula ukuzinza kokucubungula kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-eco-friendly insulation kunye ne-sheath materials.
(2) Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ngobunzima bemolekyuli obudlula i-1.5 yezigidi, i-UHMWPE yiplastiki yobunjineli ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Iipropathi: Okona kuxhathisa ukunxiba okuphezulu phakathi kweeplastiki, amandla empembelelo aphindwe kahlanu kune-ABS, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kweekhemikhali, kunye nokufunxa okuphantsi kokufuma.
Izicelo: Isetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-optical kunye neentambo ezikhethekileyo njenge-sheathing ephezulu yokunxiba okanye i-coating ye-tensile elements, ukwandisa ukuchasana nomonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokukrazula.
III. Ukuqukumbela
Iimathiriyeli zePolyolefin azinahalogen, azinamsi omncinci, kwaye azinatyhefu xa zitshisiwe. Babonelela ngokugqwesileyo kombane, oomatshini, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza, kwaye ukusebenza kwabo kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokuxhunywa, ukudibanisa, kunye nokudibanisa itekhnoloji.
Ngokudibanisa kwabo ukhuseleko, ubuhlobo bendalo, kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo, izixhobo ze-polyolefin ziye zaba yinkqubo yezinto eziphambili kumashishini anamhlanje kunye neentambo. Ukukhangela phambili, njengoko amacandelo afana neenqwelo zamandla amatsha, i-photovoltaics, kunye nonxibelelwano lwedatha luqhubeka lukhula, izinto ezintsha kwizicelo ze-polyolefin ziya kuqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lekhebula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2025