Ngexesha lokusebenza kweentambo zamehlo kunye nombane, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kokusebenza kukungena kokufuma. Ukuba amanzi angena kwintambo ye-optical, inokonyusa i-fiber attenuation; ukuba ingena kwintambo yombane, inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation ye-cable, echaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Ngoko ke, iiyunithi zokuthintela amanzi, njengezinto ezithintela amanzi, zenzelwe inkqubo yokuvelisa i-optical kunye neentambo zombane ukukhusela umswakama okanye ukungena kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.
Iintlobo eziphambili zemveliso yezinto ezifunxa amanzi ziquka umgubo ofunxa amanzi,iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi, umsonto wokuvala amanzi, kunye nokuvuvukala kwegrisi yokuthintela amanzi, njl. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yesicelo, uhlobo olulodwa lwezinto ezithintela amanzi zingasetyenziselwa, okanye iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ngexesha elifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamanzi kwiintambo.
Ngokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kweteknoloji ye-5G, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-optical kuyanda kakhulu, kwaye iimfuno zabo ziba nzima. Ngokukodwa ngokungeniswa kweemfuno eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo, iintambo ze-optical ezomileyo zithandwa kakhulu yimarike. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lweentambo ze-optical ezomileyo ngokupheleleyo kukuba azisebenzisi igrisi yokuthintela amanzi ohlobo lokuzalisa okanye ukudumba-uhlobo lwegrisi yokuthintela amanzi. Endaweni yoko, i-tape yokuthintela amanzi kunye nemicu yokuthintela amanzi isetyenziselwa ukuvala amanzi kuyo yonke i-cross-section ye-cable.
Ukusetyenziswa kweteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi kwiintambo kunye neentambo ze-optical kuxhaphake kakhulu, kwaye kukho uncwadi oluninzi malunga nalo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uphando oluncinci oluxelwe malunga nomsonto ovalela amanzi, ngakumbi kwimathiriyeli yefiber ethintela amanzi eneempawu zokufunxa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuhlawula kwabo lula ngexesha lokwenziwa kweentambo ze-optical kunye nombane kunye nokusetyenzwa okulula, imathiriyeli yefayibha ye-super absorbent ngoku zezona zinto zikhethwayo zokuthintela amanzi xa kusenziwa iintambo kunye neentambo zamehlo, ngakumbi iintambo zokukhanya ezomileyo.
Isicelo kwiMveliso yeCable Cable
Ngokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo zaseTshayina, imfuno yeentambo zombane ezivela kwiiprojekthi zokuxhasa amandla iyaqhubeka ukwanda. Iintambo zidla ngokufakwa ngokungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo, kwimisele yentambo, itonela, okanye iindlela ezingaphezulu. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo bakwiindawo ezifumileyo okanye banxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo namanzi, kwaye basenokuntywiliselwa emanzini ixesha elifutshane okanye ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi angene kancinci kancinci kwintambo yangaphakathi. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sommandla wombane, izakhiwo ezinjengomthi zinokubumba kwi-insulation layer ye-conductor, into eyaziwa ngokuba yimithi yamanzi. Xa imithi yamanzi ikhula kwinqanaba elithile, iya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-cable insulation. Imithi yamanzi ngoku ivunywa kumazwe ngamazwe njengenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuguga kweentambo. Ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yokubonelela ngombane, ukuyila ikhebula kunye nokuveliswa kufuneka kuthathe izakhiwo zokuthintela amanzi okanye amanyathelo okukhusela amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ikhebula linomsebenzi omhle wokuthintela amanzi.
Iindlela zokungena kwamanzi kwiintambo zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukungena kwe-radial (okanye ukunqumla) nge-sheath, kunye nokungena kwe-longitudinal (okanye i-axial) ecaleni kwe-conductor kunye ne-cable core. Kwi-radial (transverse) yokuthintela amanzi, i-sheath yokuthintela amanzi ebanzi, efana ne-aluminiyam-plastic composite tape isongelwe ixesha elide kwaye ikhutshwe nge-polyethylene, ihlala isetyenziswa. Ukuba i-radial water blocking epheleleyo iyadingeka, isakhiwo se-metal sheath siyamkelwa. Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhuselwa kokuthintela amanzi kugxininise kakhulu kwi-longitudinal (axial) yokungena kwamanzi.
Xa uqulunqa isakhiwo sekhebula, amanyathelo angenawo amanzi kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukuchasana kwamanzi kwi-longitudinal (okanye i-axial) isalathiso somqhubi, ukuchasana kwamanzi ngaphandle kwe-insulation layer, kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi kulo lonke isakhiwo. Indlela eqhelekileyo yabaqhubi abathintela amanzi kukugcwalisa izinto zokuthintela amanzi ngaphakathi nangaphezulu kwendawo yomqhubi. Kwiintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage ezinama-conductor ezahlulwe ngamacandelo, intambo yokuthintela amanzi inconywa ukuba isetyenziswe njengento yokuthintela amanzi kwiziko, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Intambo yokuthintela amanzi ingasetyenziselwa kwizakhiwo ezipheleleyo zokuthintela amanzi. Ngokubeka intambo yokuvala amanzi okanye iintambo zokuthintela amanzi ezilukwe kumsonto wokuthintela amanzi kwizikhewu phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo entambo, imijelo yokuqukuqela kwamanzi kwicala le-axial yentambo inokuvalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimfuno zokuxinana kwamanzi ezinde ziyahlangatyezwa. Umzobo oqingqiweyo wentambo eqhelekileyo egcweleyo yokuthintela amanzi iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Kwizakhiwo zekhebula ezikhankanywe ngasentla, izinto zefiber ezifakwe emanzini zisetyenziswa njengeyunithi yokuthintela amanzi. Indlela yokusebenza ixhomekeke kwisixa esikhulu seresin efunxa kakhulu ekhoyo kumphezulu wezinto zefiber. Xa idibana namanzi, i-resin ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya ku十几 ukuya ku几十 kumaxesha omthamo wayo woqobo, yenze umaleko ovaliweyo wokuvala amanzi kwindawo ejikelezileyo yentambo engundoqo, ivalele imijelo yokungena kwamanzi, kwaye imise ukusasazwa okungaphaya kunye nokwandiswa kwamanzi okanye umphunga wamanzi ecaleni kwendlela yobude, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo intambo.
Isicelo kwiiCables ze-Optical
Ukusebenza kokuhanjiswa kwe-optical, ukusebenza komatshini, kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kweentambo ze-optical zezona mfuno zisisiseko zenkqubo yonxibelelwano. Umlinganiselo omnye wokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yentambo ye-optical kukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi kwi-fiber optical ngexesha lokusebenza, okuya kubangela ilahleko eyongeziweyo (oko kukuthi, ukulahleka kwe-hydrogen). Ukungena kwamanzi kuchaphazela ukunyanzeliswa kokukhanya kwe-fiber optical kwi-wavelength range ukusuka kwi-1.3μm ukuya kwi-1.60μm, ekhokelela ekulahlekeni kwe-fiber optical. Eli bhanti le-wavelength ligubungela uninzi lweefestile zothumelo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwangoku. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwesakhiwo esingangeni manzi siba yinto ephambili kulwakhiwo lwentambo ye-optical.
Uyilo lwesakhiwo sokuthintela amanzi kwiintambo ze-optical zihlukaniswe zibe yi-radial water-blocking design kunye ne-longitudinal water-blocking design. Uyilo lwe-radial lokuthintela amanzi luthatha i-sheath ebanzi yokuthintela amanzi, oko kukuthi, isakhiwo esine-aluminium-plastiki okanye i-steel-plastic composite tape ehlanganiswe ngobude kwaye ikhutshwe nge-polyethylene. Ngexesha elifanayo, ityhubhu evulekileyo eyenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer ezifana ne-PBT (i-Polybutylene terephthalate) okanye insimbi engenasici yongezwa ngaphandle kwe-fiber optical. Kwi-longitudinal yoyilo lwesakhiwo esingenamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezininzi zokuthintela amanzi kuqwalaselwa kuyo yonke inxalenye yesakhiwo. Izinto ezithintela amanzi ngaphakathi kwi-tube evulekileyo (okanye kwi-grooves ye-skeleton-type cable) itshintshiwe ukusuka ekuzalisweni kohlobo lokuzalisa igrisi yokuthintela amanzi ukuya kwi-fiber-absorbent fiber material for the tube. Umsonto omnye okanye emibini yomsonto wokuthintela amanzi ubekwe ngokunxuseneyo nondoqo wentambo ukuze uthintele umphunga wamanzi wangaphandle ukuba ungagqobhozi ngobude ecaleni kwelungu lamandla. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iifiber ezithintela amanzi nazo zinokufakwa kwizithuba phakathi kweetyhubhu ezixinyiweyo ezikhululekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo ye-optical idlula iimvavanyo ezingqongqo zokungena kwamanzi. Ulwakhiwo lwentambo yokukhanya eyome ngokupheleleyo kaninzi lisebenzisa uhlobo lwe-stranding, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2025