Ukusetyenziswa kweeFibers ezifunxa amanzi kwiiCables zeOptical kunye neeCables zamandla

Ngexesha lokusebenza kweentambo ze-optical neze-electric, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kukungena komswakama. Ukuba amanzi angena kwintambo ye-optical, anokunyusa ukuncitshiswa kwefayibha; ukuba angena kwintambo yombane, anokunciphisa ukusebenza kobushushu bentambo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Ke ngoko, iiyunithi zokuthintela amanzi, ezifana nezinto ezifunxa amanzi, zenzelwe inkqubo yokuvelisa iintambo ze-optical neze-electric ukuthintela ukufuma okanye ukungena kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.

Iintlobo eziphambili zemveliso yezinto ezifunxa amanzi ziquka umgubo ofunxa amanzi,iteyiphu yokuvala amanzi, intambo evala amanzi, kunye negrisi yokuvimba amanzi efana nokudumba, njl. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokufaka isicelo, uhlobo olunye lwezinto zokuvimba amanzi lungasetyenziswa, okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokungena kwamanzi kweentambo.

Ngokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwetekhnoloji ye-5G, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-optical kuya kusasazeka, kwaye iimfuno zazo ziya zisiba nzima. Ingakumbi ngokungeniswa kweemfuno zokhuseleko oluluhlaza nolwendalo, iintambo ze-optical ezomileyo ngokupheleleyo ziyathandwa kakhulu yimarike. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lweentambo ze-optical ezomileyo ngokupheleleyo kukuba azisebenzisi igrisi yokuvala amanzi efana nokuzalisa okanye igrisi yokuvala amanzi efana nokudumba. Endaweni yoko, iteyipu yokuvala amanzi kunye neentambo zokuvala amanzi zisetyenziselwa ukuvala amanzi kulo lonke icala lentambo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweteyiphu yokuvimba amanzi kwiintambo kunye neentambo ze-optical kuqhelekile, kwaye kukho uncwadi oluninzi lophando ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, luncinci uphando oluxeliweyo ngentambo yokuvimba amanzi, ngakumbi kwizinto zefayibha ezivimba amanzi ezineempawu zokufunxa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba zilula ukuzisebenzisa ngexesha lokwenziwa kweentambo ze-optical kunye nezombane kunye nokucubungula okulula, izinto zefayibha ezifunxa kakhulu ngoku zezona zinto zikhethwayo zokuvimba amanzi ekwenzeni iintambo kunye neentambo ze-optical, ngakumbi iintambo ze-optical ezomileyo.

Isicelo kwiMveliso yeCable yamandla

Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso zaseTshayina, imfuno yeentambo zombane ezivela kwiiprojekthi zombane ezixhasayo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Iintambo zihlala zifakelwa ngokungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo, kwimisele yeentambo, kwiitonela, okanye ngeendlela eziphezulu. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo zihlala kwindawo efumileyo okanye zidibana ngqo namanzi, kwaye zinokuntywiliselwa emanzini ixesha elifutshane okanye elide, okubangela ukuba amanzi angene kancinci ngaphakathi kweentambo. Phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane, izakhiwo ezifana nemithi zinokwenziwa kumaleko wokugquma we-conductor, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-water treeing. Xa imithi yamanzi ikhula ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, iya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-cable insulation. I-water treeing ngoku yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokuguga kweentambo. Ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yokubonelela ngombane, uyilo lweentambo kunye nokuveliswa kufuneka kuthathe izakhiwo zokuthintela amanzi okanye amanyathelo okuthintela amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo isebenza kakuhle ekuthinteleni amanzi.

Iindlela zokungena kwamanzi kwiintambo ngokubanzi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukungena kwe-radial (okanye okunqamlezileyo) nge-sheath, kunye nokungena kwe-longitudinal (okanye i-axial) ecaleni komqhubi kunye nombindi wentambo. Kwi-radial (transverse) water blocking, i-contemporary water-blocking sheath epheleleyo, efana ne-aluminium-plastic composite tape esongiweyo ngobude ize ikhutshwe nge-polyethylene, idla ngokusetyenziswa. Ukuba kufuneka i-radial water blocking epheleleyo, kusetyenziswa isakhiwo se-metal sheath. Kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, ukhuseleko lokuthintela amanzi lugxile kakhulu ekungeneni kwamanzi kwe-longitudinal (axial).

Xa kuyilwa isakhiwo sentambo, amanyathelo okuthintela amanzi kufuneka aqwalasele ukumelana namanzi kwicala elide (okanye eliyi-axial) lomqhubi, ukumelana namanzi ngaphandle komaleko wokugquma, kunye nokumelana namanzi kulo lonke isakhiwo. Indlela eqhelekileyo yabaqhubi bokuthintela amanzi kukugcwalisa izinto zokuthintela amanzi ngaphakathi nakumphezulu womqhubi. Kwiintambo ze-high-voltage ezinee-conductors ezahlulwe ngokwamacandelo, intambo yokuthintela amanzi iyacetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe njengezinto zokuthintela amanzi embindini, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Intambo yokuthintela amanzi ingasetyenziswa nakwizakhiwo zokuthintela amanzi ezikwisakhiwo esipheleleyo. Ngokubeka intambo yokuthintela amanzi okanye iintambo zokuthintela amanzi ezilukiweyo kwintambo yokuthintela amanzi kwiindawo eziphakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zentambo, imijelo yamanzi yokuhamba kwicala le-axial yentambo inokuvalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zokuqina kwamanzi ezinde ziyafezekiswa. Umzobo wesicwangciso sentambo yokuthintela amanzi eqhelekileyo ekwisakhiwo esipheleleyo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Kwizakhiwo zentambo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, izinto zefayibha ezifunxa amanzi zisetyenziswa njengeyunithi yokuthintela amanzi. Le ndlela ixhomekeke kubuninzi be-resin efunxa kakhulu ekhoyo kumphezulu wento yefayibha. Xa idibana namanzi, i-resin iyanda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-十几 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-几十 umthamo wayo wokuqala, yenze umaleko ovaliweyo wokuthintela amanzi kwicandelo elijikelezayo le-cable core, ivale imijelo yokungena kwamanzi, kwaye iyeke ukusasazwa okungakumbi kunye nokwandiswa kwamanzi okanye umphunga wamanzi kwicala elide, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ngempumelelo intambo.