Isakhiwo sekhebula sibonakala silula, eqinisweni, icandelo ngalinye linenjongo yalo ebalulekileyo, ngoko ke izinto zecandelo ngalinye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokucophelela xa kuveliswa ikhebula, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwentambo eyenziwe kwezi zinto ngexesha lokusebenza.
1. Izinto zomqhubi
Ngokwembali, izinto ezisetyenziselwa abaqhubi bekhebula zamandla yayilubhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam. Isodium nayo yazanywa ngokufutshane. I-Copper kunye ne-aluminium zine-conductivity yombane engcono, kwaye ubuninzi bobhedu buncinci xa uhambisa umsinga ofanayo, ngoko ke ububanzi bangaphandle bomqhubi wobhedu buncinci kunomqhubi we-aluminium. Ixabiso le-aluminium liphantsi kakhulu kunobhedu. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ingxinano yobhedu inkulu kune-aluminiyam, nokuba umthamo wangoku wokuthwala uyafana, icandelo lomnqamlezo lomqhubi we-aluminium likhulu kunelo lomqhubi wobhedu, kodwa intambo yomqhubi we-aluminium iselula kunentambo yomqhubi wobhedu. .
2. Izinto zokugquma
Zininzi izinto zokugquma ezinokuthi iintambo zombane zeMV zisebenzise, kuquka nezixhobo zokugquma amaphepha ezikhule ngokugqibeleleyo ezithe zasetyenziswa ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Namhlanje, ukugqunywa kwepolymer ekhutshiweyo kwamkelwe ngokubanzi. Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-polymer ezongeziweyo ziquka i-PE (LDPE kunye ne-HDPE), i-XLPE, i-WTR-XLPE kunye ne-EPR. Ezi zixhobo ziyi-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermosetting. Izinto ze-Thermoplastic zikhubaza xa zishushu, ngelixa izinto ze-thermoset zigcina imilo yazo kumaqondo okushisa okusebenza.
2.1. Ukugquma kwamaphepha
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wabo, iintambo ezifakwe ngephepha zithwala umthwalo omncinci kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi bamandla bayaqhubeka nokwenza intambo ethwele umthwalo ongaphezulu nangaphezulu, iimeko zokuqala zokusetyenziswa azisafanelekanga kwiimfuno zentambo yangoku, ngoko ke amava alungileyo asekuqaleni awakwazi ukumela ukusebenza kwekhebula kwixesha elizayo kufuneka kube kuhle. . Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintambo ezigqunywe ngamaphepha azifane zisetyenziswe.
2.2.I-PVC
I-PVC isasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma iintambo ezine-voltage ephantsi ye-1kV kwaye ikwayimathiriyeli yokucheba. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PVC kwi-cable insulation kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza yi-XLPE, kwaye isicelo kwi-sheath ngokukhawuleza sithatyathelwa indawo yi-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphakathi (MDPE) okanye i-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), kwaye -Iintambo zePVC zineendleko eziphantsi zomjikelo wobomi.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
I-Low density polyethylene (LDPE) yaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1930s kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa njengesiseko seresin ye-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) kunye nemathiriyeli enganyangekiyo yomthi i-crosslinked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE). Kwimeko ye-thermoplastic, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwe-polyethylene yi-75 ° C, ephantsi kobushushu bokusebenza kweentambo ze-insulated zephepha (80 ~ 90 ° C). Le ngxaki ixazululwe ngokufika kwe-polyethylene edibeneyo (i-XLPE), enokudibana okanye idlule ubushushu benkonzo yeentambo ezifakwe ngephepha.
2.4.Ipolyethylene edityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo (XLPE)
I-XLPE yimpahla ye-thermosetting eyenziwe ngokuxuba i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE) kunye ne-agent agent (efana ne-peroxide).
Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-conductor ye-XLPE ye-insulated cable yi-90 ° C, uvavanyo olugqithisiweyo lufikelela kwi-140 ° C, kwaye ubushushu besiphaluka esifutshane bunokufikelela kuma-250 ° C. I-XLPE ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-dielectric kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kuluhlu lombane. ye-600V ukuya kuma-500kV.
2.5. Umthi onganyangekiyo ngamanzi ipolyethylene eqhagamshelwe ngokunqamlezileyo (WTR-XLPE)
Isiganeko somthi wamanzi siya kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo ye-XLPE cable. Zininzi iindlela zokunciphisa ukukhula komthi wamanzi, kodwa enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezamkelwayo kukusebenzisa izixhobo zokugquma ezenziwe ngobunjineli ezilungiselelwe ukuthintela ukukhula komthi wamanzi, obizwa ngokuba ngumthi onganyangekiyo ngamanzi u-cross-linked polyethylene WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Irabha ye-ethylene propylene (EPR)
I-EPR yimathiriyeli ye-thermosetting eyenziwe nge-ethylene, i-propylene (ngamanye amaxesha i-monomer yesithathu), kunye ne-copolymer ye-monomers ezintathu ibizwa ngokuba yi-ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu, i-EPR ihlala ithambile kwaye inokumelana ne-corona elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ilahleko ye-dielectric yezinto ze-EPR iphezulu kakhulu kune-XLPE kunye ne-WTR-XLPE.
3. Inkqubo ye-Insulation vulcanization
Inkqubo ye-crosslinking ikhethekileyo kwipolymer esetyenzisiweyo. Ukuveliswa kweepolymers ezinqamlezileyo kuqala ngepolymer ye-matrix kwaye emva koko i-stabilizers kunye ne-crosslinkers zongezwa ukwenza umxube. Inkqubo yokudibanisa yongeza amanqaku amaninzi okudibanisa kwisakhiwo se-molecular. Nje ukuba idityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo, ikhonkco lemolekyuli yepolymer ihlala i-elastic, kodwa ayinakunqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-fluid melt.
4. I-conductor yokukhusela kunye ne-insulating shielding materials
I-semi-conductive shielding layer ikhutshwe kumphezulu wangaphandle we-conductor kunye ne-insulation ukuze ifanise intsimi yombane kwaye iqulethe intsimi yombane kwi-cable insulated core. Esi sixhobo siqulethe ibakala lobunjineli bezinto ezimnyama zekhabhoni ukwenzela ukuba i-shielding layer yentambo ifikeleleke kwi-conductivity ezinzileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-12-2024