I-cable sheath (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-outer sheath okanye i-sheath) yi-outer layer ye-cable, i-optical cable, okanye i-wire, njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-cable ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ikhusela i-cable kubushushu bangaphandle, kubanda, kumanzi, kwi-ultraviolet, kwi-ozone, okanye kumonakalo wekhemikhali kunye noomatshini ngexesha lokufakwa nasemva kokufakwa. I-cable sheathing ayenzelwanga ukuthatha indawo yokuqinisa ngaphakathi kwi-cable, kodwa inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olulinganiselweyo. Ukongeza, i-cable sheath inokulungisa imo kunye nemo ye-stranded conductor, kunye ne-shielding layer (ukuba ikhona), ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic ye-cable (EMC). Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa rhoqo kwamandla, isignali, okanye idatha ngaphakathi kwi-cable okanye i-wire. I-sheathing ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqineni kwee-optical cables kunye nee-wire.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ze-cable sheath, izinto ze-cable sheath ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi -i-polyethylene edibeneyo (XLPE), i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), i-ethylene propylene ene-fluorinated (FEP), i-perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), i-polyurethane (PUR),i-polyethylene (PE), i-thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) kunyei-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), Ngamnye kubo uneempawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zokubopha intambo kufuneka kuqala kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukulungelelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokuhambelana kokusetyenziswa kwezihlanganisi. Umzekelo, iindawo ezibandayo kakhulu zinokufuna ukubopha intambo okuhlala kuguquguquka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokubopha intambo kubalulekile ekumiseleni intambo ye-optical efanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi injongo ekufuneka intambo ye-optical okanye ucingo luhlangabezane nayo kunye neemfuno ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni iintambo. Yenziwe nge-resin esekelwe kwi-polyvinyl chloride, yongeza i-stabilizer, i-plasticizer, i-inorganic fillers ezifana ne-calcium carbonate, izongezo kunye ne-lubricant, njl.njl., ngokuxuba nokuxova kunye ne-extrusion. Ineempawu ezilungileyo zomzimba, zoomatshini kunye nezombane, ngelixa inokumelana okuhle kwemozulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokungatshisi ilangatye, ukumelana nobushushu njalo njalo.
Indlela yokuvelisa i-PVC cable sheath kukongeza amasuntswana ePVC kwi-extruder aze awakhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze enze i-tubular cable sheath.
Iingenelo zejakethi yekhebula yePVC zixabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuyicubungula nokuyifakela, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-voltage ephantsi, iintambo zonxibelelwano, iintambo zokwakha kunye nezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana ne-UV kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-PVC cable sheathing zibuthathaka, ziqulethe izinto eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo nasemzimbeni womntu, kwaye kukho iingxaki ezininzi xa zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuphuculwa kolwazi lwabantu ngendalo kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokusebenza kwezinto, kuye kwabekwa phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zezinto zePVC. Ke ngoko, kwezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngeenqwelo moya, i-aerospace, amandla enyukliya kunye nezinye iindawo, i-PVC cable sheathing isetyenziswa ngononophelo.
I-Polyethylene (PE)yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwishelufu yentambo. Ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali, kwaye inokumelana kakuhle nobushushu, ukumelana nokubanda kunye nokumelana nemozulu. Ishelufu yentambo ye-PE ingaphuculwa ngokongeza izongezo, ezifana nee-antioxidants, ii-UV absorbers, njl.
Indlela yokuvelisa i-PE cable sheath ifana neye-PVC, kwaye amasuntswana e-PE ayongezwa kwi-extruder aze akhutshwe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze enze i-tubular cable sheath.
I-PE cable sheath ineengenelo zokuxhathisa ukuguga kwendalo kunye nokuxhathisa i-UV, ngelixa ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-optical, iintambo ze-voltage ephantsi, iintambo zonxibelelwano, iintambo zemigodi kunye nezinye iindawo. I-Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) yinto ye-cable sheath eneempawu eziphezulu zombane kunye nezoomatshini. Yenziwa zizinto ze-polyethylene ezidibanisa iintambo kubushushu obuphezulu. I-crosslinking reaction ingenza izinto ze-polyethylene zenze isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinemilinganiselo emithathu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe namandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu. I-XLPE cable sheathing isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo leentambo ze-voltage eziphezulu, njengeentambo zothumelo, izitishi ezincinci, njl. Ineempawu zombane ezintle kakhulu, amandla oomatshini kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kodwa ikwanokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokuxhathisa imozulu okuhle kakhulu.
I-Polyurethane (i-PUR)ibhekisa kwiqela leeplastiki ezaphuhliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1930. Yenziwa yinkqubo yeekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-addion polymerization. Izinto eziluhlaza zihlala ziyi-petroleum, kodwa izinto zezityalo ezifana neetapile, umbona okanye ii-beet zeswekile nazo zingasetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwayo. I-PUR sisixhobo esisetyenziswa rhoqo sokubopha iintambo. Sisixhobo se-elastomer esinokuxhathisa ukuguguleka okuhle, ukuxhathisa ukuguga, ukuxhathisa ioyile kunye nokuxhathisa i-asidi kunye ne-alkali, ngelixa sinamandla amahle oomatshini kunye neempawu zokubuyisa i-elastic. I-PUR cable sheath inokuphuculwa ngokongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezithinteli zomlilo, ii-arhente ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njl.
Indlela yokuvelisa i-PUR cable sheath kukongeza amasuntswana e-PUR kwi-extruder aze awakhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze enze i-tubular cable sheath. I-Polyurethane ineempawu ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini.
Le nto inokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokusika kunye nokumelana nokukrazula, kwaye ihlala iguquguquka kakhulu nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Oku kwenza i-PUR ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna intshukumo eguquguqukayo kunye neemfuno zokugoba, ezifana neetsheyini zokutsala. Kwizicelo zerobhothi, iintambo ezine-PUR sheathing zinokumelana nezigidi zemijikelo yokugoba okanye amandla aqinileyo okujika ngaphandle kweengxaki. I-PUR ikwanokumelana okukhulu neoyile, izinyibilikisi kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwento, ayinayo i-halogen kwaye ayilawuli ilangabi, eziziimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwiintambo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL kwaye zisetyenziswa eMelika. Iintambo ze-PUR zisetyenziswa rhoqo kulwakhiwo loomatshini kunye nomzi-mveliso, ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nomzi-mveliso weemoto.
Nangona i-PUR cable sheath ineempawu ezintle zomzimba, ezoomatshini nezekhemikhali, ixabiso layo liphezulu kwaye ayifanelekanga kwimicimbi yexabiso eliphantsi neyemveliso eninzi.
I-elastomer ye-thermoplastic ye-polyurethane (TPU)sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu sokubopha intambo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-polyurethane elastomer (PUR), i-TPU sisixhobo se-thermoplastic esinokucutshungulwa kakuhle kunye ne-plasticity.
I-TPU cable sheath inokumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali kunye nokumelana nemozulu, kwaye inamandla amahle oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kokubuyisela i-elastic, enokuziqhelanisa nentshukumo enzima yoomatshini kunye nendawo yokungcangcazela.
I-TPU cable sheath yenziwa ngokongeza amasuntswana e-TPU kwi-extruder aze awakhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze enze i-tubular cable sheath.
I-TPU cable sheathing isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-automation yemizi-mveliso, kwizixhobo zezixhobo zoomatshini, kwiinkqubo zolawulo lokuhamba, kwiirobhothi nakwezinye iindawo, kunye neemoto, kwiinqanawa nakwezinye iindawo. Inokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-elastic, ingayikhusela ngempumelelo intambo, kodwa ikwanokumelana okuhle kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PUR, i-TPU cable sheathing inenzuzo yokusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye ne-plasticity, enokuziqhelanisa neemfuno zobukhulu beentambo kunye nemilo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-TPU cable sheathing liphezulu, kwaye ayifanelekanga kwimicimbi yexabiso eliphantsi, yemveliso enkulu.
Irabha ye-silicone (PU)sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu sokubopha intambo. Sisixhobo se-polymer esiphilayo, esibhekisa kwikhonkco eliphambili elenziwe ngee-athomu ze-silicon kunye ne-oxygen ngokwahlukana, kwaye i-athomu ye-silicon idla ngokudityaniswa namaqela amabini e-organic erabha. Irabha ye-silicon eqhelekileyo yenziwe ikakhulu zii-silicone chain eziqulethe amaqela e-methyl kunye nenani elincinci le-vinyl. Ukungeniswa kweqela le-phenyl kunokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi kwerabha ye-silicone, kwaye ukungeniswa kweqela le-trifluoropropyl kunye ne-cyanide kunokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuxhathisa ioyile kwerabha ye-silicone. I-PU inokumelana okuhle nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda kunye nokuxhathisa i-oxidation, kwaye ikwanazo nokuthamba okuhle kunye neempawu zokubuyisela i-elastic. I-Silicone raber cable sheath inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengee-agents ezinganyangekiyo, ii-agents ezinganyangekiyo kwioyile, njl.
Indlela yokuvelisa i-silicone rubber cable sheath kukongeza umxube we-silicone rubber kwi-extruder kwaye uyikhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze wenze i-tubular cable sheath. I-silicone rubber cable sheath isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimfuno zobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukumelana nemozulu, ezifana ne-aerospace, i-nuclear power plants, i-petrochemical, i-military kunye nezinye iindawo.
Inokumelana okuhle nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, ingasebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nendawo enamandla yokugqwala, kodwa ikwanamandla oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-elastic, inokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nentshukumo enzima yoomatshini kunye nendawo yokungcangcazela.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokugquma intambo, ukugquma intambo yerabha yesilicone kunokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kodwa kukwanobuthambile obuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-elastic, kufanelekile kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinzima ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lentambo yerabha yesilicone ngerabha liphezulu, kwaye alifanelekanga kwimicimbi yemveliso eninzi ebiza kancinci.
I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu sokubopha intambo, esaziwa ngokuba yi-polytetrafluoroethylene. Sisixhobo se-polymer esinokuxhathisa ukugqwala okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, kwaye sinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neendawo ezinamandla zokugqwala. Ukongeza, iiplastiki ze-fluorine nazo zineempawu ezilungileyo zokungatshisi ilangatye kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Indlela yokuvelisa i-fluorine plastic cable sheath kukongeza amasuntswana eplastiki e-fluorine kwi-extruder aze awakhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukuze enze i-tubular cable sheath.
I-Fluorine plastic cable sheath isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, kwi-nuclear power plants, kwi-petrochemical nakwezinye iindawo eziphezulu, kunye ne-semiconductors, kwi-optical communications nakwezinye iindawo. Inokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ingasebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nendawo enamandla yokugqwala ixesha elide, kodwa ikwanamandla oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-elastic, inokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nentshukumo enzima yoomatshini kunye nendawo yokungcangcazela.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ze-cable sheath, i-fluorine plastic cable sheath inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ifanelekile kwiindawo zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-fluorine plastic cable sheath liphezulu, kwaye alifanelekanga kwimicimbi yemveliso eninzi ebiza kancinci.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-14-2024