Namhlanje, mandichaze ulwakhiwo oluneenkcukacha lweentambo ze-Ethernet zasemanzini. Ngamafutshane, iintambo ze-Ethernet eziqhelekileyo ziquka umqhubi, umaleko wokufaka izinto ezishushu, umaleko wokukhusela, kunye nomngxunya wangaphandle, ngelixa iintambo ezixhotyisiweyo zongeza umngxunya wangaphakathi kunye nomngxunya wezixhobo phakathi komngxunya kunye nomngxunya wangaphandle. Ngokucacileyo, iintambo ezixhotyisiweyo aziboneleli nje kuphela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo loomatshini kodwa zikwabonelela nomngxunya wangaphakathi okhuselayo. Ngoku, masihlolisise icandelo ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha.
1. Umqhubi: Undoqo woThumelo lweSignali
Ii-conductors ze-Ethernet ziza ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kuquka ubhedu olufakwe kwi-tin, ubhedu olungenanto, ucingo lwe-aluminium, i-aluminium efakwe kwi-copper, kunye nentsimbi efakwe kwi-copper. Ngokwe-IEC 61156-5:2020, iintambo ze-marine Ethernet kufuneka zisebenzise ii-conductors ze-copper eziqinileyo ezinobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-0.4mm kunye ne-0.65mm. Njengoko iimfuno zesantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa kunye nozinzo zisanda, ii-conductors ezingaphantsi ezifana ne-aluminium kunye ne-copper-clad aluminium ziyancitshiswa, kwaye ubhedu olufakwe kwi-tin kunye nobhedu olungenanto ngoku zilawula imarike.
Xa kuthelekiswa nobhedu olungenanto, ubhedu olusetotini lubonelela ngozinzo oluphezulu lweekhemikhali, lumelana ne-oxidation, ukugqwala kweekhemikhali, kunye nokufuma ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwesekethe.
Ii-conductors ziza ngezakhiwo ezimbini: eziqinileyo nezixineneyo. Ii-conductors eziqinileyo zisebenzisa ucingo olunye lobhedu, ngelixa ii-conductors ezixineneyo zineengcingo ezininzi zobhedu ezibhityileyo ezijijekileyo kunye. Umahluko ophambili usekwe ekusebenzeni kothumelo - ekubeni iindawo ezinkulu ezinqamlezileyo zinciphisa ukulahleka kokufakwa, ii-conductors ezixineneyo zibonisa ukuncitshiswa okuphezulu ngama-20%-50% kunezo ziqinileyo. Izikhewu phakathi kweentambo zikwanyusa ukumelana kwe-DC.
Uninzi lweentambo ze-Ethernet zisebenzisa ii-conductor ze-23AWG (0.57mm) okanye ze-24AWG (0.51mm). Ngelixa i-CAT5E isebenzisa i-24AWG rhoqo, iindidi eziphezulu ezifana ne-CAT6/6A/7/7A zihlala zifuna i-23AWG ukuze isebenze ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, imigangatho ye-IEC ayigunyazisi ukuba kubekho iigeyiji ezithile zeentambo – iintambo ze-24AWG ezenziwe kakuhle zisenokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-CAT6+.
2. Umaleko wokuvala: Ukukhusela uBulungisa beSignali
Umaleko wokwambathisa uthintela ukuvuza kwesignali ngexesha lokudluliselwa. Ngokulandela imigangatho ye-IEC 60092-360 kunye ne-GB/T 50311-2016, iintambo zolwandle zihlala zisebenzisai-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu (i-HDPE)okanye efakwe igwebui-polyethylene (i-PE Foam). I-HDPE inika ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nobushushu, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi. I-Foamed PE inika iipropati ezingcono ze-dielectric, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiintambo ze-CAT6A+ ezikhawulezayo.
3. Isihluli-Mnqamlezo: Ukunciphisa iSignali yokuQondanisa
Isihluzi-mnqamlezo (esaziwa ngokuba yi-cross filler) senzelwe ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni ii-pairs ezine ezijijekileyo zibe zii-quadrants ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo i-crosstalk phakathi kwee-pairs. Ngokwesiqhelo yakhiwe ngezinto ze-HDPE ezinobubanzi obuqhelekileyo be-0.5mm, eli candelo libalulekile kwiintambo ze-Category 6 kunye nezikumgangatho ophezulu ezithumela idatha kwi-1Gbps okanye ngokukhawuleza, njengoko ezi ntambo zibonisa uvakalelo olukhulu kwingxolo yesignali kwaye zifuna ukumelana nokuphazamiseka okuphuculweyo. Ngenxa yoko, iintambo ze-Category 6 nangaphezulu ezingenazo i-foil shielding ye-foil nganye zibandakanya ii-cross fillers ukuze zahlulwe ii-pairs ezine ezijijekileyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iintambo zeCandelo 5e kunye nezo zisebenzisa uyilo lwefoyile ekhuselweyo ngababini azisebenzisi i-cross filler. Ulwakhiwo lwe-intrinsic twisted-pair yeentambo zeCat5e lubonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo lokuphazamiseka kwiimfuno zazo ze-bandwidth ezilinganiselweyo, nto leyo esusa isidingo sokwahlukana okongezelelweyo. Ngokufanayo, iintambo ezineentambo ezikhuselweyo ngefoyile zisebenzisa amandla angaphakathi efoyile ye-aluminium ukuvimba ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic okuhamba rhoqo, okwenza i-cross filler ingafuneki.
Ilungu lokuqina koxinzelelo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukwandiswa kwentambo okunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo. Abavelisi bentambo abaphambili kushishino basebenzisa kakhulu i-fiberglass okanye intambo ye-nylon njengento yokuqinisa uxinzelelo kwizakhiwo zabo zentambo. Ezi zinto zibonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo loomatshini ngelixa zigcina iimpawu zothumelo lwentambo.
4. Umaleko wokukhusela: Ukhuseleko lwe-Electromagnetic
Iileya zokukhusela zenziwe ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam kunye/okanye i-mesh ebotshelelweyo ukuvimba i-EMI. Iintambo ezikhuselweyo zodwa zisebenzisa umaleko omnye wefoyile ye-aluminiyam (≥0.012mm ubukhulu kunye no-≥20% ongaphezulu) kunye nomaleko we-PET mylar ukuthintela ukuvuza kwangoku. Iinguqulelo ezikhuselweyo zodwa ziza ngeentlobo ezimbini: i-SF/UTP (ifoyile iyonke + i-braid) kunye ne-S/FTP (ifoyile nganye + i-braid iyonke). I-braid yobhedu efakwe kwi-tin (≥0.5mm ububanzi bentambo) inikezela nge-coverage enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso (ngesiqhelo yi-45%, 65%, okanye 80%). Ngokwe-IEC 60092-350, iintambo zasemanzini ezikhuselweyo zodwa zifuna i-drain wire ukuze zibekwe phantsi, ngelixa iinguqulelo ezikhuselweyo zodwa zisebenzisa i-braid ukuze zikhuphe i-static.
5. Umaleko Wezixhobo: Ukhuseleko Loomatshini
Umaleko wesikrweqe uphucula ukuxhathisa ukutyhafa/ukutyumza kwaye uphucula ukhuselo lwe-EMI. Iintambo zaselwandle zisebenzisa ikakhulu isikrweqe esilukiweyo ngokwe-ISO 7959-2, kunye ne-galvanized steel wire (GSWB) enika amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu kwizicelo ezifuna amandla, ngelixa i-tin copper wire (TCWB) inika ukuguquguquka okungcono kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
6. Isingxobo sangaphandle: Isikhuselo sokusiNgqongileyo
Isiciko sangaphandle kufuneka sibe bushelelezi, siqine, kwaye sisuswe ngaphandle kokonakalisa iileya ezingaphantsi. Imigangatho ye-DNV ifuna ukuba ubukhulu (Dt) bube yi-0.04 × Df (ububanzi bangaphakathi) +0.5mm, ubuncinane bube yi-0.7mm. Iintambo zasemanzini zisebenzisa ikakhuluI-LSZH (i-zero-halogen yomsi ophantsi)izixhobo (iiklasi ze-SHF1/SHF2/SHF2 MUD ngokwe-IEC 60092-360) ezinciphisa umsi onetyhefu ngexesha lomlilo.
Isiphelo
Yonke imigca yeentambo ze-Ethernet zaselwandle ibandakanya ubunjineli obucokisekileyo. Apha kwi-OW CABLE, sizimisele ukuphucula iteknoloji yeentambo – zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa nathi ngeemfuno zakho ezithile!
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-25-2025