Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamandla laseTshayina liye lafumana inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, lenza inkqubela ebonakalayo kubuchwepheshe nakulawulo. Impumelelo efana nombane ophezulu kakhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu bubeke iTshayina kwindawo ephambili kwihlabathi liphela. Inkqubela phambili enkulu yenziwe ukusuka ekucwangcisweni okanye ukuya kulwakhiwo kunye nenqanaba lolawulo lokusebenza nokugcinwa.
Njengoko amashishini aseTshayina asebenza ngamandla, ipetroli, iikhemikhali, ezothutho lwezitimela zasezidolophini, iimoto, kunye nokwakha iinqanawa esanda ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ngokukhawuleziswa kotshintsho lwegridi, ukuqaliswa ngokulandelelana kweeprojekthi zevolthi ephezulu kakhulu, kunye notshintsho lwehlabathi lwemveliso yeengcingo kunye neentambo ukuya kummandla weAsia-Pacific ojikeleze iTshayina, imakethi yasekhaya yeengcingo kunye neentambo isanda ngokukhawuleza.
Icandelo lokuvelisa iingcingo kunye neentambo liye lavela njengelona candelo likhulu phakathi kwamacandelo angaphezu kwamashumi amabini kwishishini lombane kunye ne-elektroniki, lithatha ikota yeli candelo.
I. Isigaba soPhuhliso oluQhelekileyo lweShishini leeNtambo neeNtambo
Utshintsho olungabonakaliyo kuphuhliso lweshishini leentambo eTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje lubonisa utshintsho oluvela kwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwixesha lokuvuthwa:
– Ukuzinza kwemfuno yemarike kunye nokwehla kokukhula kweshishini, okubangela ukuba kubekho umkhwa wokumisela iindlela kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa eziqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo okanye obutshintshayo.
– Ukulawulwa ngokungqongqo kwemithetho ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, kunye nokugxininisa ekuphuculeni umgangatho kunye nokwakha uphawu, kukhokelela kwizibonelelo ezilungileyo kwimarike.
– Iziphumo ezidibeneyo zezinto zangaphandle kunye nezangaphakathi zoshishino ziye zabangela ukuba amashishini athobela imithetho abeke phambili umgangatho kunye nophawu, nto leyo ebonisa ngempumelelo uqoqosho oluphezulu kweli candelo.
– Iimfuno zokungena kushishino, ubunzima betekhnoloji, kunye nobunzulu botyalo-mali zinyukile, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlukeni phakathi kwamashishini. Isiphumo sikaMatthew siye sabonakala phakathi kwamashishini aphambili, kunye nokwanda kwenani leenkampani ezibuthathaka eziphuma kwimarike kunye nokuncipha kwabaqalayo abatsha. Ukudibana kwamashishini kunye nohlengahlengiso kuya kusebenza ngakumbi.
– Ngokwedatha elandelelweyo nehlaziyiweyo, umlinganiselo wengeniso yeenkampani ezidweliswe kwiintambo kushishino lulonke uye wanda ngokuthe chu unyaka nonyaka.
– Kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zemizi-mveliso efanelekileyo kumlinganiselo ophakathi, iinkokheli zoshishino azifumani nje kuphela ukugxila okuphuculweyo kwimarike, kodwa nokhuphiswano lwazo lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhulile.
II. Iindlela zotshintsho kuphuhliso
Amandla eMarike
Ngowama-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuzwelonke kufikelele kwiiyure ezingama-863.72 zeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatt, nto leyo ebonisa ukukhula konyaka nge-3.6%.
Uhlalutyo ngokwemizi-mveliso:
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane okuphambili kushishino: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-114.6 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-10.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kumashishini aphakathi: ii-kilowatt-hours ezingama-57,001 eebhiliyoni, zinyuke nge-1.2%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kumashishini aphakamileyo: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-14,859 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-4.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwabemi basezidolophini nasemaphandleni: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-13,366 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba ka-2022, amandla okuvelisa umbane afakiweyo kweli lizwe afikelele kwi-2.56 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, nto leyo ephawula ukukhula kwe-7.8% unyaka nonyaka.
Ngowama-2022, amandla apheleleyo afakelweyo emithombo yamandla avuselelekayo adlule kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, apho umbane wamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass zonke zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini.
Ngokukodwa, amandla omoya ayemalunga ne-370 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, enyuke nge-11.2% ngonyaka, ngelixa amandla elanga ayemalunga ne-390 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ukunyuka konyaka nge-28.1%.
Amandla eMarike
Ngowama-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuzwelonke kufikelele kwiiyure ezingama-863.72 zeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatt, nto leyo ebonisa ukukhula konyaka nge-3.6%.
Uhlalutyo ngokwemizi-mveliso:
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane okuphambili kushishino: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-114.6 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-10.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kumashishini aphakathi: ii-kilowatt-hours ezingama-57,001 eebhiliyoni, zinyuke nge-1.2%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kumashishini aphakamileyo: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-14,859 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-4.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwabemi basezidolophini nasemaphandleni: ii-kilowatt-hours ezili-13,366 zeebhiliyoni, okonyuswe nge-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba ka-2022, amandla okuvelisa umbane afakiweyo kweli lizwe afikelele kwi-2.56 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, nto leyo ephawula ukukhula kwe-7.8% unyaka nonyaka.
Ngowama-2022, amandla apheleleyo afakelweyo emithombo yamandla avuselelekayo adlule kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, apho umbane wamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass zonke zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini.
Ngokukodwa, amandla omoya ayemalunga ne-370 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, enyuke nge-11.2% ngonyaka, ngelixa amandla elanga ayemalunga ne-390 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ukunyuka konyaka nge-28.1%.
Imeko yoTyalo-mali
Ngowama-2022, utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zokwakha igridi lufikelele kwi-501.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukunyuka kwe-2.0% unyaka nonyaka.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zokuvelisa umbane kulo lonke ilizwe zigqibe utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli bamandla ezifikelela kwi-720.8 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, nto leyo ebonisa ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-22.8%. Phakathi kwezi, utyalo-mali lwamandla ombane ngamanzi beluyi-86.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, lwehle nge-26.5% unyaka nonyaka; utyalo-mali lwamandla obushushu beluyi-90.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, lwenyuke nge-28.4% unyaka nonyaka; utyalo-mali lwamandla enyukliya beluyi-67.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, lwenyuke nge-25.7% unyaka nonyaka.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iqhutywa liphulo elithi “Belt and Road”, iTshayina yandise kakhulu utyalo-mali lwayo kumandla aseAfrika, nto leyo ekhokelele ekwandiseni intsebenziswano phakathi kweSino-Afrika kunye nokuvela kwamathuba amatsha angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo abandakanya imiba yezopolitiko, yezoqoqosho kunye neyentlalo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Imbonakalo yeMarike
Okwangoku, amasebe afanelekileyo akhuphe iinjongo ezithile ze-"14th Five-Year Plan" kuphuhliso lwamandla namandla, kunye nesicwangciso sokusebenza kwamandla akrelekrele se-"Internet+". Imiyalelo yokuphuhliswa kweegridi ezikrelekrele kunye nezicwangciso zokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yokusasazwa nayo iye yaziswa.
Iziseko zoqoqosho ezilungileyo zexesha elide zaseTshayina azitshintshi, zibonakaliswa kukuqina koqoqosho, amandla amakhulu, indawo eyaneleyo yokulawula, inkxaso yokukhula okuzinzileyo, kunye nomkhwa oqhubekayo wokuphucula uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo soqoqosho.
Ngowama-2023, amandla okuvelisa umbane afakiweyo eTshayina kulindeleke ukuba afikelele kwi-2.55 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts, aze anyuke aye kwi-2.8 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts-hours ngowama-2025.
Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba ishishini lamandla laseTshayina liye laphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nokwanda okukhulu kumanqanaba eshishini. Phantsi kwempembelelo yetekhnoloji entsha ephezulu efana ne-5G kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT), ishishini lamandla laseTshayina lingene kwinqanaba elitsha lotshintsho kunye nophuculo.
Imingeni yoPhuhliso
Indlela eyahlukahlukeneyo yophuhliso lwaseTshayina kushishino olutsha lwamandla iyabonakala, apho amandla omoya emveli kunye neziseko ze-photovoltaic zikhula ngamandla zibe yindawo yokugcina amandla, amandla e-hydrogen, kunye namanye amacandelo, nto leyo eyenza ipateni yokuhambelana kwamandla amaninzi. Ubungakanani bokwakhiwa kwamandla e-hydropower abubukhulu, bugxile kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo, ngelixa ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kulo lonke ilizwe kungqina ukukhula okutsha.
Uphuhliso lwamandla eTshayina lungene kwixesha elibalulekileyo lokutshintsha iindlela, ukulungisa izakhiwo, kunye nokutshintsha imithombo yamandla. Nangona utshintsho olupheleleyo lwamandla lwenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, isigaba esizayo soguquko siya kujongana nemingeni enzima kunye nemiqobo enzima.
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamandla eTshayina kunye notshintsho nophuculo oluqhubekayo, ukwandiswa okukhulu kwegridi yamandla, ukunyuka kwamanqanaba ombane, inani elikhulayo leeyunithi zokuvelisa amandla ezinamandla aphezulu kunye neeparameter eziphezulu, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kwigridi konke oku kukhokelela kulungiselelo oluntsonkothileyo lwenkqubo yamandla kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
Ngokukodwa, ukwanda kweengozi ezingezizo ezemveli ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe obutsha ezifana netekhnoloji yolwazi kuphakamise iimfuno eziphezulu zezakhono zokuxhasa inkqubo, amandla okudlulisa, kunye nobuchule bokulungisa, nto leyo ebangela imingeni ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yamandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-01-2023