Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamandla e-China liye lafumana inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, esenza imicimbi ebalulekileyo kuzo zombini itekhnoloji nolawulo. Impumelelo efana nevoltage ephezulu kunye neetekhnoloji eziyinqaba eziphakamileyo zibekwe i-China njengenkokeli yehlabathi. Inkqubela phambili enkulu yenziwe kwisicwangciso okanye kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kunye nenqanaba lolawulo lolondolozo.
Njengamandla e-China, iPetroleum, iikhemikhali, ezothutho, i-ofisi ka-Urland, kunye nemveliso yeShishini ePhakamileyo ye-Ista-Pacifing kwi-China, i-Cable Relander kwi-China, i-Wire ye-Cable kunye nemakethi ye-cable kunye nemakethi yentambo yandise ngokukhawuleza.
Icandelo lemveliso ye-wire kunye necandelo lemigaqo liye lavela njengeyona nto inkulu phakathi kwe-5 yecandelo lombane kunye ne-elektroniki, i-accounting kwikota yeli candelo.
I-I. Inqanaba lokuphuhlisa i-wire kunye neshishini lentambo
Iinguqu ezifihlakeleyo kuPhuculo lweShishini lase China kwinkulungwane yakutshanje zibonisa utshintsho ukusuka kwithuba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kolunye loqoqosho:
-Ukuzinza kwemfuno yentengiso kunye nokukhula komzi mveliso, okukhokelela kwimeko ekumgangatho wokumiselwa kweendlela zokwenza imveliso kunye neenkqubo, kunye neetekhnoloji ezimbalwa eziphazamisayo okanye ezinotshintsho.
-Ungqongqongqo engqongqo engqongqo ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, kunye nogxininiso ekuphuculeni umgangatho kunye nesakhiwo sentengiso, sikhokelela kwinkuthazo yentengiso efanelekileyo.
-Iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zezinto zangaphandle zeMacro kunye nezorhwebo zangaphakathi ziye zakhuthaza amashishini athobekileyo ukuba zibeka phambili umgangatho kunye nokubeka uphawu, ukubonisa ukuqondisa luqoqosho lwesikali kwicandelo.
-Imfuno zokungena kwishishini, ubunzima betekhnoloji, kunye nokuqina kotyalo mali, kukhokelela kumashishini. Iziphumo zikaMateyu ziye zabonakala kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo, ngokunyuka kwenani leenkampani ezibuthathaka eziphuma kwintengiso kunye nokwehla kwabangeneli abatsha. Umbutho odibeneyo kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa ngokutsha kuya kusebenza ngakumbi.
-Ukulandelwa kwedatha kunye nedatha ehlaziyiweyo, inani leenkampani ezidweliswe kwiCable kwishishini liphela liye landa ngokuhlala ixesha elizweni.
-Kwindawo ekhethekileyo yemizi-mveliso yokuqhuba imizi-mveliso, iinkokeli zeshishini azifumananga ukuphuculwa kwemarike, kodwa ukhuphiswano lwabo lwangaphandle lukhule.
II. Imigqaliselo yotshintsho
Umthamo weNtengiso
Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane welizwe lonke kuzwelonke kwafikelela kwi-863.72 yezigidi zee-kilowatt-iiyure, kumele ukukhula konyaka ukuya kwi-3.6%.
Ukwahlulwa ngumzi-mveliso:
-Iindlela eziphambili zombane zombane: I-114.6 yezigidi zeerandi yeKilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-10.4%.
I-Treaturety yecandelo lezombane: I-57,001 yezigidi zee-bilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-1.2%.
-Umdibaniso wombane we-terity sutsity: I-14,859 yezigidi zee chilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-4.4%.
-Ukusebenzisa umbane wasedolophini nasemaphandleni: I-13,36 yeebhiliyoni zeKilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-13.8%.
Ukuphela kukaDisemba wama-2022, ilizwe elikhanyayo lelilizwe elifakwe i-2.56 yezigidigidi i-Kilowatts, iphawula ukukhula konyaka kwi-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, yonke imithombo yamandla efakiweyo idluliselwe kwi-1.2 yezigidi zee-bilowatts, kunye ne-hydroelectric, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye neBhomass
Ngokukodwa, amandla omoya omoya ayemalunga ne-370 yee-chilowatts, phaya ngonyaka we-11,2 ngonyaka, ngelixa umthamo wombane welanga wayemalunga nezigidi ezingama-390 ze-chilowatts, unyaka weminyaka engama-28.1%.
Umthamo weNtengiso
Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane welizwe lonke kuzwelonke kwafikelela kwi-863.72 yezigidi zee-kilowatt-iiyure, kumele ukukhula konyaka ukuya kwi-3.6%.
Ukwahlulwa ngumzi-mveliso:
-Iindlela eziphambili zombane zombane: I-114.6 yezigidi zeerandi yeKilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-10.4%.
I-Treaturety yecandelo lezombane: I-57,001 yezigidi zee-bilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-1.2%.
-Umdibaniso wombane we-terity sutsity: I-14,859 yezigidi zee chilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-4.4%.
-Ukusebenzisa umbane wasedolophini nasemaphandleni: I-13,36 yeebhiliyoni zeKilowatt-iiyure, phezulu nge-13.8%.
Ukuphela kukaDisemba wama-2022, ilizwe elikhanyayo lelilizwe elifakwe i-2.56 yezigidigidi i-Kilowatts, iphawula ukukhula konyaka kwi-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, yonke imithombo yamandla efakiweyo idluliselwe kwi-1.2 yezigidi zee-bilowatts, kunye ne-hydroelectric, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye neBhomass
Ngokukodwa, amandla omoya omoya ayemalunga ne-370 yee-chilowatts, phaya ngonyaka we-11,2 ngonyaka, ngelixa umthamo wombane welanga wayemalunga nezigidi ezingama-390 ze-chilowatts, unyaka weminyaka engama-28.1%.
Imeko yotyalo mali
Ngowama-2022, utyalomali kwiiprojekthi zokwakha zegridi ukufikelele kwi-501.2 yezigidigidi yuan, ukunyuka kweminyaka ka-2.0%.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zokuvelisa amandla kulo lonke ilizwe kugqityiwe utyalomali kwiiprojekthi zenjineli ye-720.8 yezigidigidi yuan, ibonisa ukunyuka kweminyaka engama-22.8%. Phakathi kwezi, utyalomali lwe-hydropowerf lwalutyalo-mali lwalungama-86.3 bhiliyoni yuan, ezantsi nge-26,5% unyaka nonyaka; Utyalomali lwamandla e-thermal yayingama-90.9 bhiliyoni yuan, phezulu nge-28.4% unyaka nonyaka; Utyalomali lwamandla eNyukliya lwalungama-67,7 bhiliyoni yuan, phezulu nge-25.7% unyaka nonyaka.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa yi-"BELY kunye neNdlela "yeNdlela, i-China iye yandiswa ngotyalo-mali lwayo kumandla ase-Afrika, ekhokelela kwinqanaba lokusebenzisana kwama-Afrika kunye nokuvela kwamathuba amatsha angazange awone naye. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo aquka imicimbi yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, kunye nemingcipheko yentlalo, ekhokelela kwimingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo.
I-Outlogo yentengiso
Okwangoku, amasebe afanelekileyo akhuphe ezinye iinjongo zesicwangciso seminyaka "yeminyaka emihlanu yeminyaka emihlanu ubudala, kunye nophuhliso lwamandla, kunye neSicwangciso soMsebenzi we-Intanethi +". Imiyalelo yokuphuhliswa kweegridi ze-Smart kunye nezicwangciso zotshintsho lwenethiwekhi zingenisiwe.
I-China i-China i-chinasoes yexesha elide ihlala ingaguqukanga, ibonakaliswa kukuziqhelanisa noqoqosho, indawo enokubakho, igumbi elininzi lokukhula, kunye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kohlengahlengiso loqoqosho.
Ngowama-2023, i-China efakwe amandla e-China efakwe i-2,55 yezigidi zee-kilotts, inyuka ukuya kwi-2.8 yeebhiliyoni ze-Tilowatt-iiyure nge-2025.
Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba ishishini lamandla lase China liye laphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngokunyuka okubonakalayo kwinqanaba leshishini. Phantsi kwempembelelo ye-Tech-Tech ephezulu enama-5g kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (iOiot), ishishini lamandla e-China lifake kwinqanaba elitsha lenguqu kunye nokuphuculwa.
Imiceli mngeni yophuhliso
I-China eyahlukeneyo yoPhuculo loPhambili kumzi-mveliso omtsha wamandla uyabonakala, ngamandla omoya wemveli kunye neziseko zefoto isebenisa ngokugcina amandla, amandla e-hydrogen, kunye namanye amacandelo e-hydrogen, kunye nepateni ye-hydrogen, eyenza ifomatho eqinileyo. Umgangatho opheleleyo wokwakha i-hydropower bikel, ikakhulu igxile kwizikhululo zamandla ezigcina ezomeleleyo, ngelixa ukwakhiwa kwamandla kwigridi kulo lonke ilizwe kukunikela ubungqina ngokukhula okutsha kokukhula.
Uphuhliso lwamandla e-China lungenise ixesha elibalulekileyo lokutshintsha kweendlela eziguqukayo, uhlengahlengiso kunye nokutshintsha kwemithombo yamandla. Nangona uhlaziyo lwamandla olubanzi lwenze inkqubela ebonakalayo, isigaba esizayo sohlengahlengiso siya kujongana nemiceli mngeni eqinisekileyo kunye nemiqobo eqingqiweyo.
Ngophuhliso lwamandla e-China kunye nenguqu eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa, ukwandiswa okukhulu kwegridi yamandla, kunye nokudityaniswa kwamandla e-vortage, kunye nenani elikhulayo lamandla amatsha kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
Ngokukodwa, ukwanda komngcipheko ongengomda wezezini ezenziwa kukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha efana netekhnoloji yeNkxaso-mali iphakamise iimfuno zenkxaso, nokudluliselwa kwezakhono ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo nenemisebenzi yenkqubo yamandla.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UPE-01-20233