Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamandla laseTshayina liye lafumana inkqubela ekhawulezileyo, lenza imitsi ebalulekileyo kuzo zombini itekhnoloji nakulawulo. Impumelelo enje ngevoltheji ephezulu kakhulu kunye netekhnoloji ephezulu kakhulu ibeke iTshayina njengenkokeli yehlabathi. Inkqubela phambili enkulu yenziwe ukusuka kucwangciso okanye ukuya kulwakhiwo kwakunye nenqanaba lokusebenza nolawulo lolondolozo.
Njengoko amandla aseTshayina, i-petroleum, iikhemikhali, ezothutho zikaloliwe zasezidolophini, iimoto, kunye namashishini okwakha iinqanawa ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ngokukhawulezisa ukuguqulwa kwegridi, ukwaziswa okulandelelanayo kweeprojekthi zombane ogqithise kakhulu, kunye nokutshintshwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwemveliso yocingo kunye nentambo ukuya kwi. Ummandla waseAsia-Pacific ugxile eTshayina, imarike yocingo lwasekhaya kunye nentambo yokuthengisa ikhule ngokukhawuleza.
Icandelo lokwenziwa kweengcingo neentambo livele njengelona likhulu phakathi kwamacandelwana angaphaya kwamashumi amabini oshishino lombane nolwe-elektroniki, lithatha ikota yeli candelo.
I. ISigaba soPhuhliso esiQilileyo soShishino lweeNcingo kunye neCable
Utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kushishino lwentambo yaseTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje lubonisa inguqu ukusuka kwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwelinye lokukhula:
-Uzinziso lwemfuno yemarike kunye nokuhla kwesantya sokukhula kweshishini, okukhokelela kwindlela yokubeka emgangathweni ubugcisa bokwenziwa kwesiqhelo kunye neenkqubo, ezinokuphazamiseka okumbalwa okanye ubuchwephesha obuguqukayo.
– Ulawulo olungqongqo oluluqilima ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, lukhatshwa kugxininiso ekwandiseni umgangatho kunye nokwakhiwa kwebrendi, kukhokelela kwinkuthazo entle yentengiso.
-Iimpembelelo ezidityanisiweyo zemiba yangaphandle enkulu kunye neyeshishini yangaphakathi iye yakhuthaza amashishini athobelayo ukuba abeke phambili umgangatho kunye nophawu, ebonisa ngokufanelekileyo uqoqosho lwesikali ngaphakathi kwecandelo.
-Iimfuno zokungena kwishishini, ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuqina kotyalo-mali kuye kwanda, okukhokelela ekuhlukeni phakathi kwamashishini. Isiphumo sikaMateyu siye sabonakala phakathi kweenkampani ezikhokelayo, ngokunyuka kwenani leenkampani ezibuthathaka eziphuma kwiimarike kunye nokuncipha kwabangenayo abatsha. Ukudityaniswa kweshishini kunye nohlengahlengiso luya lusebenza ngakumbi.
-Ngokwedatha elandelwayo kunye nehlalutyiweyo, umyinge wengeniso yeenkampani ezidweliswe ngekhebula kushishino lulonke uye wenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe unyaka nonyaka.
-Kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo kumashishini ahambelana nesikali esisembindini, iinkokeli zeshishini azifumani nje ukuphuculwa koxinzelelo lwentengiso, kodwa ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhulile.
II. Iintsingiselo kwiiNguqu zoPhuhliso
Umthamo weMarike
Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuzwelonke kufikelele kwi-863.72 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowatt-iiyure, ezimele ukukhula konyaka-ngonyaka nge-3.6%.
Ukwahlulwa ngokweshishini:
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino oluphambili: 114.6 billion kilowatt-yure, up by 10.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino lwesibini: 57,001 billion kilowatt-iiyure, up nge 1.2%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino lwenqanaba lesithathu: 14,859 yeebhiliyoni zeekilowatt-iiyure, ukonyuka nge-4.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwabahlali basezidolophini nasezilalini: 13,366 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowatt-iiyure, ukonyuka nge-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba wama-2022, umthamo welizwe odibeneyo wokuvelisa umbane ufikelele malunga ne-2.56 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowathi, nto leyo ephawula ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka nge-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, umthamo ofakiweyo wemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo udlule kwi-1.2 yebhiliyoni yeekhilowathi, ngombane oqhutywa ngamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass zonke zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukodwa, umthamo wamandla omoya wawumalunga ne-370 yezigidi zeekilowathi, unyuke nge-11.2% ngonyaka, ngelixa amandla elanga ayemalunga ne-390 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-28.1%.
Umthamo weMarike
Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuzwelonke kufikelele kwi-863.72 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowatt-iiyure, ezimele ukukhula konyaka-ngonyaka nge-3.6%.
Ukwahlulwa ngokweshishini:
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino oluphambili: 114.6 billion kilowatt-yure, up by 10.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino lwesibini: 57,001 billion kilowatt-iiyure, up nge 1.2%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino lwenqanaba lesithathu: 14,859 yeebhiliyoni zeekilowatt-iiyure, ukonyuka nge-4.4%.
– Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwabahlali basezidolophini nasezilalini: 13,366 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowatt-iiyure, ukonyuka nge-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba wama-2022, umthamo welizwe odibeneyo wokuvelisa umbane ufikelele malunga ne-2.56 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowathi, nto leyo ephawula ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka nge-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, umthamo ofakiweyo wemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo udlule kwi-1.2 yebhiliyoni yeekhilowathi, ngombane oqhutywa ngamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass zonke zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukodwa, umthamo wamandla omoya wawumalunga ne-370 yezigidi zeekilowathi, unyuke nge-11.2% ngonyaka, ngelixa amandla elanga ayemalunga ne-390 yezigidi zeekilowatts, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-28.1%.
Ubume boTyalo-mali
Ngo-2022, utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zokwakha igridi lufikelele kwi-501.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-2.0%.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zokuvelisa umbane kwisizwe ngokubanzi zigqibe utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli bamandla ezifikelela kwi-720.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, nto leyo ebonisa ukonyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-22.8%. Phakathi kwezi, utyalo-mali lombane owenziwe ngamanzi lube yi-86.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, lwehle nge-26.5% ngonyaka ngonyaka; utyalo-mali lwamandla ashushu luyi-90.9 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, lunyuke nge-28.4% ngonyaka; Utyalo-mali lwamandla enyukliya lube yi-67.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, lunyuke nge-25.7% ngonyaka.
Kule minyaka yakutsha nje, iqhutywa linyathelo elithi "iBhanti kunye neNdlela", iChina iye yalwandisa kakhulu utyalo-mali lwayo kumandla ase-Afrika, nto leyo ekhokelele kububanzi bentsebenziswano phakathi kweSino-Afrika kunye nokuvela kwamathuba amatsha angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo abandakanya ngakumbi imiba yezopolitiko, yezoqoqosho, kunye nentlalo, ekhokelela kumngcipheko omkhulu ovela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo.
Imbonakalo yeMarike
Ngoku, amasebe afanelekileyo akhuphe ezinye iinjongo ze-“14th Year-Five Plan” kumandla nophuhliso lwamandla, kunye “ne-Intanethi+” yesicwangciso sokusebenza samandla esikrelekrele. Izikhokelo zophuhliso lweegridi ezihlakaniphile kunye nezicwangciso zokuguqulwa kothungelwano losasazo nazo zaziswa.
Iziseko zezoqoqosho zaseChina zexesha elide zihlala zingaguquki, ziphawulwa kukuzinza kwezoqoqosho, amandla amakhulu, indawo eyaneleyo yokulawula, inkxaso yohlumo oluzinzileyo, kunye nendlela eqhubekayo yokuphucula uhlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho.
Ngo-2023, amandla e-China afakelweyo okuvelisa amandla kuqikelelwa ukuba aya kufikelela kwi-2.55 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowathi, anyuke aye kwi-2.8 yeebhiliyoni zeekilowatt-iiyure ngo-2025.
Uhlalutyo lucebisa ukuba ishishini lamandla laseTshayina liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokunyuka okubonakalayo kwisikali soshishino. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zeteknoloji entsha efana ne-5G kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT), imboni yamandla yaseChina ingene kwinqanaba elitsha lokuguqulwa nokuphucula.
Imingeni yoPhuhliso
Indlela yophuhliso eyohlukeneyo yaseTshayina kushishino lwamandla amatsha iyabonakala, ngamandla omoya emveli kunye neziseko zephotovoltaic ezisebenza ngokukhutheleyo kugcino lwamandla, amandla e-hydrogen, kunye namanye amacandelo, kuyila ipateni yokuncedisana yamandla amaninzi. Isikali sisonke solwakhiwo lombane oqhutywa ngamanzi asisikhulu, ikakhulu sigxile kwizikhululo zamandla ezimpompelweyo, ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwegridi yombane kwisizwe siphela lungqina ukukhula okutsha.
Uphuhliso lwamandla eTshayina lungene kwixesha elibalulekileyo lokutshintsha iindlela, uhlengahlengiso lwezakhiwo, kunye nokutshintsha imithombo yamandla. Nangona uhlaziyo olubanzi lwamandla lwenze inkqubela ebonakalayo, inqanaba elizayo lohlaziyo liya kujongana nemingeni eyoyikekayo kunye nemiqobo eyoyikekayo.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwaseTshayina kunye notshintsho nophuculo oluqhubekayo, ukwandiswa okukhulu kwegridi yamandla, ukonyuka kwamanqanaba ombane, inani elikhulayo lomthamo ophezulu kunye neeyunithi zokuvelisa umbane okwiparamitha ephezulu, kunye nokudityaniswa okukhulu kokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kumbane. igridi zonke zikhokelela kubumbeko lwenkqubo yamandla entsonkothileyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
Ngokukodwa, ukwanda kweengozi ezingezizo ezemveli eziziswa kusetyenziso lwetekhnoloji entsha efana nethekhnoloji yolwazi iphakamise iimfuno eziphezulu zezakhono zenkxaso yenkqubo, amandla okudlulisa, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwamandla, inikezela imingeni ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo nokuzinza kwamandla. inkqubo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023