Ngokumalunga nobushushu obuvumelekileyo bexesha elide lokusebenza kwi-cable cores, i-rubber insulation ivame ukulinganiswa kwi-65 ° C, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) i-insulation kwi-70 ° C, kunye ne-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) kwi-90 ° C. Kwiisekethe ezimfutshane (ezinobude obuninzi obungadlulanga imizuzwana emi-5), iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu elivumelekileyo le-conductor yi-160 ° C ye-PVC yokugquma kunye ne-250 ° C ye-XLPE yokufakelwa.
I. Umahluko phakathi kweeCables zeXLPE kunye neeCables zePVC
1. Iintambo ze-Low Voltage Cross-Linked (XLPE), ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1990 yokuqaliswa kwazo, ziye zabona uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo, ngoku zenza isiqingatha semarike kunye neentambo zePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo ze-PVC, iintambo ze-XLPE zibonisa umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala ngoku, amandla okulayisha ngaphezulu, kunye nobomi obude (ubomi bentambo ye-PVC ye-thermal ngokuqhelekileyo yiminyaka eyi-20 phantsi kweemeko ezivumayo, ngelixa ubomi bentambo ye-XLPE ngokuqhelekileyo buyiminyaka engama-40). Xa utshisa, i-PVC ikhupha umsi omninzi omnyama kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu, ngelixa ukutshiswa kwe-XLPE akuvelisi iigesi eziyityhefu ze-halogen. Ukuphakama kweentambo ezinqamlezileyo ziqatshelwa ngakumbi ngamacandelo oyilo kunye nesicelo.
2. Iintambo zePVC eziqhelekileyo (i-insulation kunye ne-sheath) zitshisa ngokukhawuleza ngokuvutha okukhawulezileyo okuzinzileyo, ukunyusa imililo. Balahlekelwa amandla okubonelela ngombane ngaphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwimizuzu emi-2. Ukuvutha kwePVC kukhupha umsi omnyama ongqindilili, okhokelela kubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nemiceli mngeni yokuphuma. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukutsha kwe-PVC kukhupha iigesi eziyityhefu kunye ne-corrosive njenge-hydrogen chloride (HCl) kunye nee-dioxins, eziye zezona zizathu zokufa kwabantu kwimililo (ibalelwa kwi-80% yokufa okunxulumene nomlilo). Ezi gesi zidleka kwizixhobo zombane, zibeke esichengeni kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-insulation kwaye zikhokelela kwiingozi zesibini ekunzima ukuzinciphisa.
II. IiCables eziRetardant zomlilo
1. Iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya kufuneka zibonise iimpawu zokungadanga kumlilo kwaye zahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amathathu agatya amadangatye A, B, no-C ngokwe-IEC 60332-3-24 “Uvavanyo kwiintambo zombane phantsi kweemeko zomlilo.” Udidi A lubonelela ngowona msebenzi uphezulu wokunqanda amadangatye.
Iimvavanyo zokutsha ezithelekisayo kwiingcingo ezingenamlilo kunye nezingatshisi umlilo zenziwe yi-US Standards and Technology Research Institute. Ezi ziphumo zilandelayo ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya:
a. Iingcingo ezingenamlilo zibonelela ngokuphindwe ka-15 ixesha lokubaleka xa kuthelekiswa neengcingo ezingenamlilo.
b. Iingcingo ezikwaziyo ukuvutha amadangatya zitshisa kuphela isiqingatha semathiriyeli eninzi njengeengcingo ezingenamlilo.
c. Iingcingo ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya zibonisa izinga lokukhutshwa kobushushu kuphela kwikota yezo ngcingo ezingenamlilo.
d. Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi enetyhefu ekutshayo kukuphela kwesithathu kwezo zemveliso ezingatshiyo.
e. Ukusebenza kokuvelisa umsi kubonisa ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kweemveliso ezibuyiswa lidangatye kunye nezingatshisi umlilo.
2. IiCables zeHalogen-Free Low-Msi
Iintambo ezingenazo i-halogen ezingenalo i-halogen-free, umsi ophantsi, kunye neempawu zokunqanda amadangatye, nezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:
IEC 60754 (uvavanyo lwe-halogen-free) IEC 61034 (uvavanyo lomsi ophantsi)
PH ubunzima bokuqhuba Ubuncinane bokuhambisa ukukhanya
PH≥4.3 r≤10us/mm T≥60%
3. IiCables ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo
a. Iimpawu zokuvavanya ukuvutha kwekhebula (ubushushu bomlilo kunye nexesha) ngokwe-IEC 331-1970 standard yi-750 ° C kwiiyure ze-3. Ngokutsho kwe-IEC 60331 idrafti entsha yamva nje yokuvota kwe-IEC, ukushisa komlilo ukusuka kwi-750 ° C ukuya kwi-800 ° C kwiiyure ze-3.
b. Iingcingo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo kunye neentambo zingahlelwa zibe ziintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo kunye neentambo ezingenamlilo ezingenamlilo ezisekelwe kwiiyantlukwano kwizinto ezingezizo zetsimbi. Iintambo zasekhaya ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo ikakhulu zisebenzisa izikhondaktha ezigqunywe nge-mica kunye nokugqunyelelwa kwe-flame-retardant ekhutshiweyo njengolwakhiwo lwazo oluphambili, uninzi lweemveliso zoDidi B. Ezo zifikelelayo kwimigangatho yoKlasi A ngokwesiqhelo zisebenzisa iiteyiphu zokwenziwa ezikhethekileyo zemica kunye nokugqunyelelwa kweminerali (undoqo wobhedu, umkhono wobhedu, ukugqunywa kwe-magnesium oxide, okwakwaziwa ngokuba yi-MI) iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo.
Iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo ezifakwe kwiminerali azitshi, azikhusi, azinamhlwa, azinatyhefu, ziyakwazi ukumelana neempembelelo, kwaye ziyaxhathisa isitshizi samanzi. Zaziwa njengeentambo ezingatshiyo, ezibonisa owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo wokuthintela umlilo phakathi kweentlobo zekhebula ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yabo yokuvelisa inzima, ixabiso labo liphezulu, ubude babo bokuvelisa bulinganiselwe, i-radius yokugoba inkulu, ukugquma kwabo kuthinteka kumswakama, kwaye okwangoku, kuphela iimveliso ezingundoqo ze-25mm2 nangaphezulu zinokunikezelwa. Iitheminali ezizinikezeleyo ezisisigxina kunye neziqhagamshelo eziphakathi ziyafuneka, nto leyo eyenza ukufakela nokwakha kube nzima ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2023