Ukumelana nokusingqongileyo kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kweentambo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ixesha elide, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka. Iintambo zihlala zichatshazelwa kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana namanzi/ukufuma, iikhemikhali, imitha ye-UV, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ezinokumelana nokusingqongileyo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yentambo.
Eli candelo lihlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokumelana nokusingqongileyo ezifunekayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kweentambo.
Ijakethi okanye ishethi yangaphandle isebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Ihlala ivezwa ziikhemikhali, amanzi, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nemitha ye-UV. Izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukugquma ijakethi yangaphandle zeziI-PVC (iPolyvinyl Chloride), PE (iPolyethylene), kunyeI-LSZH (I-Low Smoke Zero Halogen), nganye inikezela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuchasana ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa.
1. Ukumelana neekhemikhali, ioyile, kunye ne-hydrocarbon
Ngexesha lokufakelwa kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwentambo, ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali, iioyile, okanye iihydrocarbons kunokwenzeka, nokuba kukuchithwa ngengozi okanye ukudibana okuqhubekayo kwiindawo zoshishino. Ukuvezwa okunjalo kunokonakalisa i-sheath yangaphandle, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni, ukudumba, okanye ukulahleka kweempawu zoomatshini.
Ukukhetha izinto ezinokumelana neekhemikhali ezinamandla kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo igcina ukuthembeka kwayo, ukusebenza kwayo, kunye nokuthembeka kwayo ubomi bayo bonke.
Iintlobo zokuvezwa kweekhemikhali:
Iikhemikhali zegesi: Iikhemikhali zegesi zihlala zinokusabela okuncinci kwiipolymers njengoko zingangeni nzulu kwizinto. Nangona kunjalo, iigesi ezisabelayo ezifana ne-chlorine okanye i-ozone zinokubangela ukuwohloka komphezulu kwaye zichaphazele kakhulu iipropati zepolymer.
Iikhemikhali zolwelo: Iikhemikhali zolwelo zihlala zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukungena kwizinto. Oku kunokukhokelela ekudumbeni, ukwenziwa kweplastiki, okanye ukusabela kweekhemikhali zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-polymer matrix, okuphazamisa iipropati zoomatshini nezombane.
Ukusebenza kwezinto:
I-PE (iPolyethylene): Inika ukumelana okuhle neekhemikhali ezininzi kunye neehydrocarbons. Isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo zeekhemikhali ngokubanzi kodwa inokusabela kwiiarhente ezinamandla zokuxoxisa.
I-PVC (iPolyvinyl Chloride): Imelana kakuhle neeoyile, iikhemikhali kunye neehydrocarbons, ingakumbi xa yenziwe ngezongezo ezifanelekileyo zokumelana neoyile.
I-LSZH (I-Low Smoke Zero Halogen): Inika ukumelana okuphakathi kwiikhemikhali kunye neeoyile. Iikhompawundi ze-LSZH zenzelwe ikakhulu ukhuseleko lomlilo (zivelisa umsi omncinci kunye netyhefu ephantsi ngexesha lokutsha). Nangona kunjalo, iifomyula ezikhethekileyo ze-LSZH zinokufezekisa ukumelana okuphuculweyo kweoyile kunye neekhemikhali xa kufuneka.
2. Ukumelana namanzi kunye nokufuma
Iintambo zihlala zichatshazelwa ngamanzi okanye kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu ngexesha lokufakelwa kwazo nakulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwazo. Uchatshazelwa ixesha elide kumswakama kunokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kobushushu, ukugqwala kwezinto zesinyithi, kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kwentambo iyonke.
Ke ngoko, ukumelana namanzi luphawu olubalulekileyo kwiindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa iintambo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zangaphandle, ezingaphantsi komhlaba, okanye ezikulwandle.
Phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma, i-PE (iPolyethylene) inika ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwamanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiimfuno ezifuna ukhuseleko lwexesha elide ekungeneni komswakama.
Iintambo ezixhonyiweyo zeVoltage ephantsi kunye neVoltage ephakathi ezineeshelufu zeLSZH okanye zePVC azikhuthazwa ukuba zifakwe kwiindawo ezihlala zigcwele amanzi, ezifana nomhlaba wodongwe okanye iindawo ezingaphantsi kwetafile yamanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iishelufu zePE zixhathisa kakhulu ukufuduka kwamanzi nge-insulation yekhebula. Ngenxa yoko, iintambo ezigqunywe ngePE zilungele ngakumbi iimeko ezimanzi kwaye zinamathuba amaninzi okufikelela ubomi bazo obupheleleyo boyilo.
Uyilo lweCable engangeni manzi:
Ukuze kufezekiswe ukumelana kwamanzi ngokwenene kwiintambo, kuqwalaselwa iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokukhusela:
Ukhuseleko lwamanzi oluvela kwi-radial:
Kuphunyezwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana neesheath zesinyithi ezileyitiweyo okanye iitheyiphu zesinyithi/zesinyithi ezidityaniswe neepolymers ezikhethekileyo.
Ukhuseleko lwamanzi olude:
Kuphunyezwe ngokusebenzisa iiteyiphu zokuthintela amanzi okanye iipowder ezithintela ukuhamba kwamanzi kubude bentambo.
Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lokungena (IP) kunye noHlelo lwe-AD7/AD8:
Ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neeklasi zokhuseleko lwe-IP kunye novavanyo (ezifana ne-AD7 okanye i-AD8) luya kwabelwana ngalo kwinqaku elahlukileyo.
3. Ukumelana ne-UV
Ukuqonda nokukhetha ukumelana nokusingqongileyo okufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokusetyenziswa kweentambo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka. Izinto ezinje ngokuvezwa ziikhemikhali, ukungena kwamanzi, imitha ye-UV, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuthembeka kweentambo ukuba aziqwalaselwanga ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhetha izinto.
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zesheya yangaphandle—nokuba yi-PVC, i-PE, okanye i-LSZH—ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zendalo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukuqina kweentambo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela amanzi kunye nokuqwalasela ukulinganiswa kwe-IP kuqinisa ngakumbi ukhuseleko lweentambo kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu.
Ngokuvavanya ngononophelo ezi meko zichaseneyo, iinkqubo zekhebula zinokulungiswa ngcono ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwazo, zinciphise iimfuno zokugcinwa, zinciphise iingozi zokungaphumeleli, kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwazo elilindelekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-27-2025