Iintambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle zenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo zaselwandle, zibonelela ngokudluliselwa kwedatha okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo. Azisetyenziselwa kuphela unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lweenqanawa kodwa zikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano olunqumla ulwandle kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha kumaqonga eoyile negesi aselwandle, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwaselwandle zanamhlanje. Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemisebenzi yaselwandle, iintambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle zenzelwe ukuba zingangeni manzi, zingabi naxinzelelo, zingabi nagqwala, ziqine ngoomatshini, kwaye ziguquguquke kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, ulwakhiwo lweentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle luquka ubuncinane iyunithi yefayibha, isheya, umaleko we-armor, kunye nejakethi yangaphandle. Kwiindlela ezikhethekileyo zoyilo okanye usetyenziso, iintambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle zinokushiya umaleko we-armor kwaye endaweni yoko zisebenzise izinto ezinganyangekiyo okanye iijakethi zangaphandle ezikhethekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuze zilungelelanise neendawo ezahlukeneyo, iintambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle zingabandakanya iileya ezinganyangekiyo emlilweni, amalungu aphakathi/aqinisayo, kunye nezinto ezongezelelweyo ezithintela amanzi.
(1) Iyunithi yeFiber yeOptical
Iyunithi yefayibha yeyona nto iphambili kwiintambo zefayibha ye-optical yolwandle, equlethe ifayibha enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-optical.
Iifayibha ezibonakalayo ziyinxalenye ephambili yentambo, edla ngokuba yi-core, i-cladding, kunye ne-coating, enesakhiwo esijikelezileyo. I-core, eyenziwe nge-high-purity silica, inoxanduva lokudlulisa imiqondiso ye-optical. I-cladding, eyenziwe nge-high-purity silica, ijikeleze i-core, inika umphezulu okhanyayo kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-optical, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-mechanical. I-coating, umaleko ongaphandle wefayibha, yenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-acrylate, irabha ye-silicone, kunye ne-nylon, ekhusela ifayibha kumswakama kunye nomonakalo we-mechanical.
Iifayibha ze-optical zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziifayibha ze-single-mode (umz., G.655, G652D) kunye neefayibha ze-multi-mode (umz., OM1-OM4), ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kothumelo. Iimpawu eziphambili zothumelo ziquka ukuncitshiswa okukhulu, i-bandwidth encinci, i-refractive index esebenzayo, i-number aperture, kunye ne-maximum dispersion coefficient, ezimisela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgama wothumelo lwesignali.
Iifayibha zijikelezwe ziityhubhu ezixineneyo okanye eziqinileyo zokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweefayibha kunye nempembelelo yangaphandle kwindalo. Uyilo lweyunithi yefayibha luqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nxalenye iphambili nebalulekileyo yeentambo zefayibha ye-optical yolwandle.
(2) Isingxobo
I-fiber sheath yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yentambo, ikhusela ii-optical fibers. Ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo, inokwahlulwa ibe zii-tight buffer tubes kunye nee-loose buffer tubes.
Iityhubhu ze-tight buffer zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polypropylene resin (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kunye ne-halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene (HFFR PE). Iityhubhu ze-tight buffer zinamathela ngokusondeleyo kumphezulu we-fiber, zingashiyi zikhewu zibalulekileyo, nto leyo enciphisa intshukumo ye-fiber. Olu gquma luqinileyo lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthe ngqo kwii-fiber, luthintela ukungena komswakama kwaye lunika amandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.
Iityhubhu ezikhululekileyo ze-buffer zihlala zenziwe ngee-modulus eziphezuluI-PBTiplastiki, egcwele ijeli evala amanzi ukuze inike umqamelo kunye nokhuseleko. Iityhubhu ezikhululekileyo ze-buffer zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo olusecaleni. Ijeli evala amanzi ivumela iifayibha ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu, inceda ekukhupheni nasekugcinweni kweefayibha. Ikwabonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kumonakalo kunye nokungena komswakama, iqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwentambo kwiindawo ezifumileyo okanye ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.
(3) Umgangatho Wezixhobo
Umaleko wezixhobo ungaphakathi kwejakethi yangaphandle kwaye unika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo loomatshini, ukuthintela umonakalo womzimba kwintambo yefayibha ye-optical yolwandle. Umaleko wezixhobo udla ngokwenziwa nge-galvanized steel wire braid (GSWB). Isakhiwo esilukiweyo sigubungela intambo ngeentambo zentsimbi ezilukiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngesantya sokugubungela esingaphantsi kwama-80%. Isakhiwo sezixhobo sinika ukhuseleko oluphezulu kakhulu loomatshini kunye namandla okutsalwa, ngelixa uyilo olulukiweyo luqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kunye nerediyasi encinci yokugoba (irediyasi eguquguqukayo evumelekileyo yokugoba kwiintambo zefayibha ye-optical yolwandle yi-20D). Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna ukushukuma okanye ukugoba rhoqo. Ukongeza, izinto zentsimbi ezilukiweyo zibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala okongezelelweyo, okwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezitshizwa ngetyuwa.
(4) Ijakethi Yangaphandle
Ijakethi yangaphandle lulwaleko olukhuselayo ngqo lweentambo zefayibha ye-optical yolwandle, ezenzelwe ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga, imvula, ukukhukuliseka kwamanzi olwandle, umonakalo webhayoloji, impembelelo yomzimba, kunye nemitha ye-UV. Ijakethi yangaphandle idla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezimelana nokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kunye ne-low-smoke zero-halogen (I-LSZH) i-polyolefin, enika ukumelana okuhle kwe-UV, ukumelana nemozulu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokungalali kakuhle. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba intambo ihlala izinzile kwaye ithembekile phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zaselwandle. Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, uninzi lweentambo zefayibha ye-optical yaselwandle ngoku zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-LSZH, ezifana ne-LSZH-SHF1, i-LSZH-SHF2, kunye ne-LSZH-SHF2 MUD. Izixhobo ze-LSZH zivelisa uxinano oluphantsi kakhulu lomsi kwaye azinazo ii-halogens (i-fluorine, i-chlorine, i-bromine, njl.njl.), zithintela ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezinobuthi ngexesha lokutsha. Phakathi kwezi, i-LSZH-SHF1 yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu.
(5) Umaleko Ongangeni Mlilo
Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano (umz., kwii-alamu zomlilo, izibane, kunye nonxibelelwano ngexesha leengxamiseko), ezinye iintambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle ziquka umaleko omelana nomlilo. Iintambo zetyhubhu ezikhululekileyo zihlala zifuna ukongezwa kweteyipu ye-mica ukuphucula ukumelana nomlilo. Iintambo ezimelana nomlilo zinokugcina amandla onxibelelwano ixesha elithile ngexesha lomlilo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwenqanawa.
(6) Ukuqinisa Amalungu
Ukuphucula amandla oomatshini eentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle, amalungu okuqinisa aphakathi afana neentambo zentsimbi ezine-phosphate okanye iplastiki eqiniswe ngefayibha (I-FRP) zongezwa. Ezi zonyusa amandla entambo kunye nokumelana nokutsalwa, ziqinisekisa uzinzo ngexesha lokufakwa nokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza, amalungu okuqinisa ancedisayo afana ne-aramid yarn anokongezwa ukuphucula amandla entambo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali.
(7) Uphuculo lweZakhiwo
Ngenxa yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ulwakhiwo kunye nezinto zeentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle ziyatshintsha rhoqo. Umzekelo, iintambo zetyhubhu ezomileyo ezomileyo zisusa ijeli yendabuko yokuvimba amanzi kwaye zisebenzisa izinto zokuvimba amanzi ezomileyo kwiityhubhu ezikhululekileyo nakwi-cable core, zibonelela ngeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, ubunzima obulula, kunye neenzuzo ezingenajeli. Omnye umzekelo kukusetyenziswa kwe-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) njengezinto zangaphandle zejakethi, ezibonelela ngobubanzi bobushushu, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana ne-asidi, ukumelana ne-alkali, ubunzima obulula, kunye neemfuno zesithuba esincinci. Ezi zinto zintsha zibonisa uphuculo oluqhubekayo kuyilo lweentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle.
(8) Isishwankathelo
Uyilo lwesakhiwo seentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle luqwalasela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeendawo zaselwandle, kubandakanya ukuthintela amanzi, ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye namandla oomatshini. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kweentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle kuzenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwaselwandle zanamhlanje. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe baselwandle buqhubela phambili, ulwakhiwo kunye nezinto zeentambo zefayibha ye-optical zaselwandle ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zophando olunzulu lolwandle kunye neemfuno zonxibelelwano ezintsonkothileyo.
Malunga ne-ONE WORLD (OW Cable)
I-ONE WORLD (OW Cable) ngumthengisi ohamba phambili kwihlabathi jikelele wezinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu kushishino lweentambo kunye neentambo. Ipotifoliyo yemveliso yethu ibandakanya iplastiki eqiniswe ngefayibha (FRP), izinto eziphantsi komsi zero-halogen (LSZH), i-polyethylene engenalo i-halogen ethintela umlilo (HFFR PE), kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zezicelo zeentambo zanamhlanje. Ngokuzibophelela ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha, umgangatho, kunye nokuzinza, i-ONE WORLD (OW Cable) ibe liqabane elithembekileyo kubavelisi beentambo kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba ziintambo zefayibha ye-optical yolwandle, iintambo zamandla, iintambo zonxibelelwano, okanye ezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo, sinikezela ngezixhobo kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-14-2025