Ubuchule kwiintambo ezingangeni manzi

1. Yintoni intambo engangeni manzi?
Iintambo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini zibizwa ngokuba ziintambo zamandla ezingangeni manzi (ezingangeni manzi). Xa intambo ifakwa phantsi kwamanzi, idla ngokuntywiliselwa emanzini okanye kwiindawo ezimanzi, intambo kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wokuthintela amanzi (ukuxhathisa), oko kukuthi, kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wokumelana namanzi ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kuthintelwe amanzi ekuntywilisweni kwintambo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwintambo, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwentambo phantsi kwamanzi. Imodeli yentambo engangeni manzi esetyenziswa rhoqo yiJHS, eyiyeyentambo engangeni manzi yerabha, intambo engangeni manzi nayo yahlulwe yaba yintambo yamandla engangeni manzi kunye nentambo yekhompyutha engangeni manzi, njl.njl., kwaye abameli bemodeli yiFS-YJY, FS-DJYP3VP3.

2. Uhlobo lwesakhiwo sentambo engangeni manzi
(1). Kwiintambo ezine-single-core, songaiteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi eqhuba kancincikwikhaka lokukhusela, songa into eqhelekileyoiteyiphu yokuvimba amanzingaphandle, uze ucinezele ishelufu engaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhaka lesinyithi lidibana ngokupheleleyo, songa kuphela iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi eqhuba kancinci ngaphandle kwekhaka lokukhusela, ikhaka lesinyithi alisayigqumi iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leemfuno zokusebenza ezingangeni manzi, ukuzaliswa kunokuzaliswa nge-filler eqhelekileyo okanye i-water block filler. I-lining yangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zeshelufu engaphandle ziyafana nezo zichazwe kwintambo enye engundoqo.

(2). Umaleko weteyiphu ye-aluminium egqunywe ngeplastiki ugqunywe ngobude ngaphakathi kwesheath yangaphandle okanye umaleko wangaphakathi njengomaleko ongangeni manzi.

(3). Khupha ishelufu yangaphandle ye-HDPE ngqo kwintambo. Intambo ye-XLPE egqunyiweyo engaphezulu kwe-110kV ixhotyiswe ngeshelufu yesinyithi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingangeni manzi. I-metal shield inokungangeni ngokupheleleyo kunye nokumelana okuhle kwamanzi nge-radial. Iintlobo eziphambili zeshelufu yesinyithi zezi: ishelufu ye-aluminium ecinezelweyo eshushu, ishelufu ye-lead ecinezelweyo eshushu, ishelufu ye-aluminium ehlanganisiweyo edibeneyo, ishelufu yentsimbi ehlanganisiweyo edibeneyo, ishelufu yesinyithi edonswe ngokubandayo njalo njalo.

3. Uhlobo olungangeni manzi lwentambo engangeni manzi
Ngokubanzi yahlulwe yaba yi-vertical water resistance kunye ne-radial water resistance ezimbini. Ukumelana namanzi ngokuthe nkqo kudla ngokusetyenziswaintambo yokuvala amanzi, umgubo wamanzi kunye neteyiphu yokuvimba amanzi, indlela yokumelana namanzi ifumaneka kwezi zinto ziqulathe amanzi anokwandisa izinto, xa amanzi esuka kwisiphelo sentambo okanye ukusuka kwisingxobo engena, le nto iya kwandisa amanzi ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngakumbi kwintambo ende, ukufezekisa injongo yokuthintela amanzi ende. Ukumelana namanzi e-radial kufezekiswa ikakhulu ngokukhupha isingxobo se-HDPE esingesisinyithi okanye ukucinezela okushushu, ukuwelda kunye nesingxobo sesinyithi esibandayo.

4. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweentambo ezingangeni manzi
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeentambo ezingangeni manzi ezisetyenziswa eTshayina:
(1). Intambo egqunywe ngephepha leoyile yeyona ntambo ixhaphakileyo engangeni manzi. Izixhobo zayo zokukhusela kunye neekhontraktha zizaliswe yioyile yekhebula, kwaye kukho ijakethi yesinyithi (ijakethi yelead okanye ijakethi yealuminium) ngaphandle kwe-insulation, eyiyona ntambo ilungileyo yokumelana namanzi. Ngaphambili, iintambo ezininzi zasemanzini (okanye ezingaphantsi kwamanzi) zazisebenzisa iintambo ezigqunywe ngephepha leoyile, kodwa iintambo ezigqunywe ngephepha leoyile zithintelwe kukuhla, kukho ingxaki yokuvuza kweoyile, kwaye ukugcinwa kwayo akunangxaki, kwaye ngoku azisebenzi kangako.

(2). Intambo egqunywe ngerabha ye-ethylene propylene esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigca yokudlulisa amanzi phantsi kwamanzi ene-voltage ephantsi nephakathi ibangelwa kukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kokugqunywa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka "ngomthi wamanzi". Intambo egqunywe ngerabha engangeni manzi (uhlobo lwe-JHS) inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo emanzini anganzulu ixesha elide.

(3). Intambo yamandla e-insulated polyethylene (XLPE) egqunywe nge-cross-linked ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zombane, zoomatshini nezomzimba, kwaye inkqubo yemveliso ilula, isakhiwo esikhanyayo, amandla amakhulu okudlulisa, ukufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa kulula, akuthintelwanga kukuhla kunye nezinye iingenelo, kuba zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqunyweni, kodwa inovelwano ngakumbi kumswakama, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa nokusebenza ukuba i-insulation inokufakwa kwamanzi, ithambekele ekuqhekekeni "komthi wamanzi", nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yentambo. Ke ngoko, intambo e-insulated polyethylene egqunywe nge-cross-linked, ingakumbi intambo ye-voltage ephakathi nephezulu phantsi kwesenzo se-AC voltage, kufuneka ibe "nesakhiwo sokuthintela amanzi" xa sisetyenziswa kwindawo yamanzi okanye kwindawo emanzi.

5. Umahluko phakathi kwentambo engangeni manzi kunye nentambo eqhelekileyo
Umahluko phakathi kweentambo ezingangeni manzi kunye neentambo eziqhelekileyo kukuba iintambo eziqhelekileyo azinakusetyenziswa emanzini. Intambo engangeni manzi ye-JHS ikwaluhlobo lwentambo eguquguqukayo yesheath yerabha, i-insulation yi-insulation yerabha, kwaye intambo yesheath yerabha eqhelekileyo, intambo engangeni manzi ye-JHS idla ngokusetyenziswa, kodwa ikwimanzi okanye ezinye ziya kudlula emanzini. Iintambo ezingangeni manzi ngokubanzi zi-3 core, uninzi lwazo zisetyenziswa xa kuqhagamshelwa ipompo, ixabiso leentambo ezingangeni manzi liya kubiza kakhulu kuneentambo zesheath yerabha eziqhelekileyo, kunzima ukwahlula ukuba azingeni manzi na kwimbonakalo, kufuneka udibane nomthengisi ukuze wazi umaleko ongangeni manzi.

6. Umahluko phakathi kwentambo engangeni manzi kunye nentambo engangeni manzi
Intambo engangeni manzi: thintela amanzi ukuba angangeni ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sentambo, usebenzisa isakhiwo kunye nezinto ezingangeni manzi.

Intambo yokuvimba amanzi: Olu vavanyo luvumela amanzi ukuba angene ngaphakathi kwintambo, kwaye aluvumeli ukungena kubude obuchaziweyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Intambo yokuvimba amanzi yahlulwe yaba yi-conductor water blocking kunye ne-cable core water blocking.

Ulwakhiwo lomqhubi oluvimba amanzi: ukongeza umgubo ovimba amanzi kunye noboya obuvimba amanzi kwinkqubo yokuxinana ngocingo olunye, xa umqhubi engena emanzini, umgubo ovimba amanzi okanye uboya obuvimba amanzi buyanda ngamanzi ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi, ewe, umqhubi oqinileyo unomsebenzi ongcono wokuthintela amanzi.

Ulwakhiwo lokuvimba amanzi kwi-cable core: xa i-sheath yangaphandle yonakele kwaye amanzi engena, i-water blocking tape iyakhula. Xa i-water blocking tape ikhula, yenza ngokukhawuleza i-water blocking section ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi okungakumbi. Kwi-three-core cable, kunzima kakhulu ukufikelela ku-water resistance iyonke ye-cable core, kuba i-middle gap ye-three-core cable core inkulu kwaye ayilunganga, nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-water block kuzalisiwe, i-water resistance effect ayilunganga, kucetyiswa ukuba i-core nganye iveliswe ngokwesakhiwo sokumelana namanzi se-single-core, kwaye emva koko i-cable yenziwe.