1. Intshayelelo
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye kunjalo, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kweentambo zefiber optic iye yanda. Njengoko iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kwiintambo ze-fiber optic ziqhubeka zisanda, ngokunjalo iimfuno zomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-fiber optic. I-Fiber optic cable i-tape yokuthintela amanzi yinto eqhelekileyo yokuthintela amanzi esetyenziswa kwishishini le-fiber optic cable, indima yokutywinwa, ukuthintela amanzi, ukufuma kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-buffer kwi-fiber optic cable iye yamkelwa ngokubanzi, kwaye iintlobo zayo kunye nokusebenza kuye kwaqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. iphuculwe kwaye igqibelele ngophuhliso lwentambo yefiber optic. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, "isiseko esomileyo" isakhiwo safakwa kwikhebula le-optical. Olu hlobo lwezinto zokuthintela amanzi ekhebula ludla ngokudibanisa iteyiphu, intambo okanye i-coating yokukhusela amanzi ukuba angene kwi-longitudinally kwi-core cable. Ngolwamkelo olukhulayo lweentambo ze-fiber optic ezingundoqo ezomileyo, izixhobo ze-fiber optic cable ezomileyo zithatha indawo ngokukhawuleza iikhompawundi ze-petroleum jelly-based filling cable. Izinto ezingundoqo ezomileyo zisebenzisa i-polymer ethatha ngokukhawuleza amanzi ukuze yenze i-hydrogel, evuvukala kwaye izalise imigudu yokungena kwamanzi yekhebula. Ukongezelela, njengoko i-core material eyomileyo ayinayo igrisi enamathelayo, akukho zisula, i-solvents okanye izicoci ezifunekayo ukuze kulungiswe ikhebula lokudibanisa, kwaye ixesha lokudibanisa ikhebula liyancipha kakhulu. Ubunzima bokukhanya kwekhebula kunye nokubambelela kakuhle phakathi kwentambo yokuqinisa yangaphandle kunye ne-sheath ayincitshiswa, okwenza kube yinto ethandwayo.
2 Impembelelo yamanzi kwintambo kunye nesixhobo sokumelana namanzi
Isizathu esona sizathu sokuba kutheni kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuthintela amanzi kukuba amanzi angena kwintambo aya kubola kwi-hydrogen kunye ne-OH-ions, eya kwandisa ukulahleka kokuhanjiswa kwe-fiber optical, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwefiber kunye nokunciphisa i-fiber. ubomi bentambo. Amanyathelo okuthintela amanzi aqhelekileyo azalise i-petroleum paste kunye nokongeza i-tape yokuthintela amanzi, ezaliswe kwi-gap phakathi kwe-cable core kunye ne-sheath ukukhusela amanzi kunye nomswakama ukuba usasazeke ngokuthe nkqo, ngaloo ndlela udlala indima ekuthinteleni kwamanzi.
Xa i-synthetic resins isetyenziswe ngobuninzi njengama-insulators kwiintambo ze-fiber optic (okokuqala kwiintambo), ezi zixhobo zokukhusela nazo azikhuselekanga ekungeneni kwamanzi. Ukuqulunqwa "kwemithi yamanzi" kwi-insulating material yisona sizathu siphambili sempembelelo ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa. Indlela apho i-insulating material ichaphazeleka ngayo yimithi yamanzi idla ngokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngenxa yentsimi yombane eyomeleleyo (enye i-hypothesis kukuba iipropathi zekhemikhali ze-resin zitshintshwa ngokukhutshwa okubuthathaka kakhulu kwee-electron ezikhawulezayo), iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena. ngamanani ahlukeneyo eembombo ezincinci ezikhoyo kwisixhobo sokugquma sentambo yefiber optic. Iimolekyuli zamanzi ziya kungena ngenani elihlukeneyo le-micro-pores kwi-cable sheath material, zenze "imithi yamanzi", ngokuthe ngcembe iqokelela inani elikhulu lamanzi kwaye isasazeke kwi-longitudinal direction of cable, kwaye ichaphazela ukusebenza kwentambo. Emva kweminyaka yophando lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye novavanyo, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, ukufumana indlela yokuphelisa eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvelisa imithi yamanzi, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba i-cable extrusion isongelwe kumaleko wokufunxa amanzi kunye nokwandiswa komqobo wamanzi ukunqanda. kwaye unciphise ukukhula kwemithi yamanzi, ukuvala amanzi kwikhebula ngaphakathi kwi-longitudinal spread; ngelo xesha, ngenxa yomonakalo wangaphandle kunye nokungena kwamanzi, umqobo wamanzi unokunqanda ngokukhawuleza amanzi, kungekhona kwi-longitudinal spread of cable.
3 Isishwankathelo somqobo wamanzi wentambo
3. 1 Ukuhlelwa kwemiqobo yamanzi ye-fiber optic cable
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlula izithintelo zamanzi ze-cable optical, ezinokuthi zihlelwe ngokwesakhiwo, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu. Ngokubanzi, banokuthi bahlelwe ngokwesakhiwo sabo: i-waterstop enamacala aphindwe kabini, i-watertop enecala elinye eligqunyiweyo kunye ne-watertop yefilimu edibeneyo. Umsebenzi wothintelo lwamanzi wesithintelo samanzi ikakhulu kungenxa yezinto eziphakamileyo zokufunxa amanzi (ezibizwa ngokuba ngumqobo wamanzi), ezinokudumba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umqobo wamanzi udibana namanzi, wenze umthamo omkhulu wejeli (umqobo wamanzi unokufunxa amakhulu amaxesha ngaphezulu. amanzi kunawo), ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukukhula komthi wamanzi kunye nokuthintela ukuqhubeka nokungena kunye nokusasazeka kwamanzi. Ezi zibandakanya zombini i-polysaccharides yendalo kunye neekhemikhali eziguqulwayo.
Nangona ezi zithinteli-manzi zendalo okanye ezendalo zineepropati ezilungileyo, zineziphene ezimbini ezibulalayo:
1) i-biodegradable kwaye 2) inokutsha kakhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuba zisetyenziswe kwimathiriyeli yentambo yefiber optic. Olunye uhlobo lwezinto zokwenziwa kumanzi okumelana namanzi lumelwe yi-polyacrylates, engasetyenziselwa ukuchasana kwamanzi kwiintambo ze-optical ngenxa yokuba zihlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo: 1) xa zomile, ziyakwazi ukuchasana noxinzelelo olwenziwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kweentambo ze-optical;
I-2) xa yomile, inokumelana neemeko zokusebenza kweentambo ze-optical (ibhayisikili ye-thermal ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-90 ° C) ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubomi bekhebula, kwaye inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwexesha elifutshane;
3) xa amanzi engena, angakwazi ukuvuvukala ngokukhawuleza kwaye enze i-gel ngesantya sokwandiswa.
4) ukuvelisa i-gel ye-viscous ephezulu, nakwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu i-viscosity ye-gel izinzile ixesha elide.
I-synthesis ye-repellents yamanzi inokwahlulwa ngokubanzi kwiindlela zemveli zemichiza - indlela ye-reversed-phase (i-polymerization yamanzi kwi-oyile ye-cross-linking-linking), indlela yabo yokudibanisa i-polymerization-indlela yedisk, indlela ye-irradiation - "cobalt 60" γ -indlela yeray. Indlela yokudibanisa i-cross-link isekelwe kwindlela "ye-cobalt 60" γ-radiation. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-polymerisation kunye nokudibanisa okunqamlezileyo kwaye ngoko ke iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kwi-agent yokuthintela amanzi efunekayo kwiiteyipu zokuthintela amanzi. Zimbalwa kakhulu iipolyacrylates ezinokuthi zihlangabezane nezi mfuno zine zingentla, ngokwamava asebenzayo, ii-agent ezithintela amanzi (i-resin ezifunxa amanzi) azikwazi ukusetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza kwinxalenye enye ye-polyacrylate ye-sodium edibeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-polyacrylate. indlela yokudibanisa i-multi-polymer cross-linking (oko kukuthi iindidi zenxalenye yomxube we-polyacrylate ye-sodium edibeneyo) ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo yokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zezi: ukuxutywa kwamanzi amaninzi kunokufikelela malunga namaxesha angama-400, izinga lokufunxa amanzi linokufikelela kumzuzu wokuqala ukuthabatha i-75% yamanzi abanjwe kukuxhathisa kwamanzi; amanzi axhathisa ukomisa iimfuno zokuzinza kwe-thermal: ukumelana nobushushu bexesha elide le-90 ° C, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwe-160 ° C, ukumelana nokushisa kwangoko kwe-230 ° C (ibaluleke ngakumbi kwikhebula le-photoelectric composite kunye nemiqondiso yombane); ukufakwa kwamanzi emva kokuqulunqwa kweemfuno zokuzinza kwe-gel: emva kwemijikelezo emininzi ye-thermal (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Ukuzinza kwe-gel emva kokuxutywa kwamanzi kufuna: i-viscosity ephezulu kunye namandla e-gel emva kwemijikelezo emininzi ye-thermal (20 ° C ukuya kwi-95 ° C). Ukuzinza kwejel kuyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokudibanisa kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumenzi. Kwangaxeshanye, hayi ukukhawuleza kwesantya sokwandiswa, kokukhona, ezinye iimveliso zijonge kwicala elinye isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo akuncedi ukuzinza kwe-hydrogel, ukutshatyalaliswa komthamo wokugcina amanzi, kodwa hayi ukufikelela kwisiphumo ukumelana namanzi.
3. Iimpawu ze-3 ze-tape yokuthintela amanzi Njengoko intambo kwimveliso, ukuvavanya, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokumelana novavanyo lokusingqongileyo, ngoko ke ngokombono wokusetyenziswa kwentambo ye-optical, i-cable water-blocking tape. Iimfuno zezi zilandelayo:
1) ukubonakala kokusabalalisa i-fiber, izinto ezidibeneyo ngaphandle kwe-delamination kunye ne powder, kunye namandla athile omatshini, afanelekileyo kwiimfuno zekhebula;
2) iyunifomu, ephindaphindwayo, umgangatho ozinzile, ekubunjweni kwentambo ayiyi kuchithwa kwaye ivelise
3) uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokwandisa, isantya sokwandisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuzinza kwe-gel elungileyo;
4) uzinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezilandelayo;
I-5) ukuzinza kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, ayinayo nayiphi na i-corrosive components, ukumelana nebhaktheriya kunye nokukhukuliseka kwesikhunta;
6) ukuhambelana kakuhle kunye nezinye izinto ze-cable optical, ukumelana ne-oxidation, njl.
4 Imigangatho yokusebenza komqobo wentambo yentambo yokubona
Inani elikhulu leziphumo zophando libonisa ukuba ukuchasana kwamanzi okungafanelekanga ukuzinza kwexesha elide lokusebenza kokuhanjiswa kwentambo kuya kuvelisa umonakalo omkhulu. Lo monakalo, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuhlolwa kwefektri yentambo ye-fiber optical kunzima ukuyifumana, kodwa iya kubonakala ngokuthe ngcembe kwinkqubo yokubeka intambo emva kokusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elifanelekileyo lemigangatho yovavanyo olubanzi kunye noluchanekileyo, ukufumana isiseko sovavanyo lwawo onke amaqela anokwamkela, kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi ophuthumayo. Uphando olubanzi lombhali, ukuhlola kunye novavanyo kwiibhanti zokuvala amanzi zinikeze isiseko esaneleyo sobugcisa bokuphuhliswa kwemigangatho yobugcisa kwiibhanti zokuvala amanzi. Misela imilinganiselo yokusebenza yexabiso lomqobo wamanzi ngokusekelwe koku kulandelayo:
1) iimfuno zomgangatho wentambo ye-optical kwi-waterstop (ikakhulukazi iimfuno zezinto zentambo ye-optical kwi-standard cable optical);
2) amava ekwenziweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemiqobo yamanzi kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo;
I-3) iziphumo zophando kwimpembelelo yeempawu zetape zokuthintela amanzi ekusebenzeni kweentambo ze-fiber optical.
4. 1 Imbonakalo
Ukubonakala kwetape yokuthintela amanzi kufuneka kuhanjiswe ngokulinganayo iifibers; umphezulu kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ungabi nemibimbi, i-creases kunye neenyembezi; akufanele kubekho ukwahlukana kububanzi be-tape; izinto ezidibeneyo kufuneka zikhululeke kwi-delamination; i-tape kufuneka ifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye imiphetho ye-tape ebanjwe ngesandla kufuneka ikhululeke "kwi-straw hat shape".
4.2 Amandla omatshini kwindawo yokumisa amanzi
Ukuqina kokuqina kwe-waterstop kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenziwa kweteyiphu ye-polyester engalukiweyo, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zobungakanani, indlela ye-viscose ingcono kunendlela eshushu yokuvelisa amandla okuqina kwemveliso, ubukhulu buye buncinci. Ukuqina kokuqina kwetape yesithintelo samanzi kuyahluka ngokwendlela intambo eboshwe ngayo okanye ijikelezwe kwintambo.
Esi sibonakaliso esiphambili kwiibhanti ezimbini zokuthintela amanzi, apho indlela yokuvavanya kufuneka idibaniswe kunye nesixhobo, inkqubo yolwelo kunye nokuvavanya. Izinto eziphambili zokuthintela amanzi kwi-tape yokuthintela amanzi ngokuyinxenye ye-polyacrylate ye-sodium edibeneyo kunye ne-derivatives yayo, echaphazelekayo ekubunjweni kunye nohlobo lweemfuno zomgangatho wamanzi, ukwenzela ukudibanisa umgangatho wokuphakama kokuvuvukala kwamanzi- i-tape yokuthintela, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ahlanjululweyo kuya kuphumelela (amanzi adibeneyo asetyenziswa kwi-arbitration), kuba akukho nxalenye ye-anionic kunye ne-cationic kumanzi ahlambulukileyo, amanzi ahlambulukileyo. I-multiplier ye-absorption ye-resin yokufunxa amanzi kwiimpawu zamanzi ezahlukeneyo iyahluka kakhulu, ukuba i-multiplier yokufunxa emanzini acocekileyo yi-100% yexabiso legama; kumanzi ompompo yi-40% ukuya kuma-60% (kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi wendawo nganye); kumanzi olwandle yi-12%; Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi e-gutter anzima kakhulu, kunzima ukucacisa ipesenti yokufunxa, kwaye ixabiso layo liya kuba liphantsi kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa umphumo wokuthintela amanzi kunye nobomi bekhebula, kukulungele ukusebenzisa i-tape yokuthintela amanzi kunye nokuphakama kokuvuvukala> 10mm.
4.3Iimpawu zombane
Ngokubanzi, intambo yokukhanya ayiqulathanga ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso yombane yocingo lwesinyithi, ngoko ke musa ukubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwetape yokumelana nesiqingatha sokuqhuba amanzi, kuphela i-33 Wang Qiang, njl.
Ikhebula elihlanganisiweyo lombane ngaphambi kobukho beempawu zombane, iimfuno ezithile ngokwesakhiwo sekhebula ngesivumelwano.
4.4 Ukuzinza kwe-Thermal Uninzi lweentlobo zeeteyipu zokuthintela amanzi zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuzinza kwe-thermal: ukumelana nokushisa kwexesha elide le-90 ° C, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwe-160 ° C, ukuchasana kweqondo lokushisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-230 ° C. Ukusebenza kwe-tape yokuthintela amanzi akufanele kutshintshe emva kwexesha elithile kula maqondo okushisa.
Amandla e-gel kufuneka abe yimpawu ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-intumescent material, ngelixa izinga lokwandisa lisetyenziselwa ukukhawulela ubude bokungena kwamanzi okuqala (ngaphantsi kwe-1 m). Impahla yokwandisa kakuhle kufuneka ibe nesantya esifanelekileyo sokwandisa kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Isithintelo samanzi esibi, nangona izinga eliphezulu lokunyuswa kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi, liya kuba neendawo ezimbi zokuthintela amanzi. Oku kunokuvavanywa xa kuthelekiswa nenani lemijikelezo ye-thermal. Phantsi kweemeko ze-hydrolytic, ijeli iya kuphuka ibe ngulwelo oluphantsi lwe-viscosity oluya kuwohloka umgangatho wayo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokushukumisa ukumiswa kwamanzi okucocekileyo okuqukethe umgubo wokuvuvukala kwi-2 h. Ijeli ebangelwayo ke ihlukaniswe kumanzi angaphezulu kwaye ifakwe kwi-viscometer ejikelezayo ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngaphambi nangemva kwe-24 h kwi-95 ° C. Umahluko kwi-gel uzinzo unokubonwa. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kwimijikelo ye-8h ukusuka ku-20°C ukuya kuma-95°C kunye no-8h ukusuka ku-95°C ukuya kuma-20°C. Imigangatho efanelekileyo yaseJamani idinga imijikelezo ye-126 ye-8h.
4. 5 Ukuhambelana Ukuhambelana komqobo wamanzi luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu ngokunxulumene nobomi bentambo yefiber optic kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokunxulumene nemathiriyeli yentambo yefiber optic ebandakanyekayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Njengoko ukuhambelana kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba kubonakale, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lokuguga kufuneka lusetyenziswe, oko kukuthi i-cable material specimen yosulwa, isongelwe ngetape eyomileyo yokumelana namanzi kwaye igcinwe kwigumbi lobushushu elingaguqukiyo kwi-100 ° C nge-10. iintsuku, emva koko umgangatho ulinganiswe. Amandla okuqina kunye nobude bezinto eziphathekayo akufanele kutshintshe ngaphezu kwe-20% emva kovavanyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2022