1. Intshayelelo
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano kwishumi leminyaka lokugqibela okanye ngaphezulu, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kwentambo ye-fiber optic ye-biber optic ikhulile. Njengoko iimfuno zokusingqongileyo ze-fiber optic intambo ziyaqhubeka zisanda, ke iimfuno zomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-fiber optic. I-fiber optic ye-piber optic i-bible yokubhloka sisixhobo esibonisa amanzi aqhelekileyo kwishishini le-fiber optic, indima yokukhuselwa ngamanzi kwi-fiber optic ye-fiber optic ye-fiber optic ye-fiber optic. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, "isakhiwo esiyi" dolophu "esinomileyo" saziswa kwintambo yokukhanya. Olu hlobo lothintelo lwamanzi luhlala lube yindibaniselwano yeteyiphu, eyarn okanye i-caides ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwi-cable bible. Ngokwamkelwa okukhulayo kwe-fiber eyomileyo ye-fiber optic, i-fiber eyomileyo ye-fiber optic ye-Optic ye-Petroleum ithatha indawo yokugcwalisa intambo. Izinto ezisisiseko ezomileyo zisebenzisa i-polymer ekhangela amanzi ukuba enze i-hydrogel, efihlakeleyo kwaye igcwalisa amajelo ongenelelo lwamanzi. Ukongeza, njengoko izinto ezibini ezomileyo aziqukisi igrisi enamathelayo, akukho zisu, izinyibilikisi okanye izicoci ziyacelwa ukuba zilungiselele intambo ukuze zicofe intambo, kwaye ixesha lentambo lincitshisiwe kakhulu. Ubunzima bokukhanya kwentambo kunye nokubiyela okuhle phakathi kokuqinisa intambo yangaphandle kunye ne-sheath ayincitshiswa, isenza ukhetho oludumileyo.
Ifuthe lamanzi kwintambo kunye nendlela yokuchasana namanzi
Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba kwathatyathwa amanyathelo ahlukileyo kukuba amanzi angene kwi-Hydrogen kwaye ophumle i-Hydrogen kwaye onyusa ukusebenza kwefayibha yakhe, anciphise ubomi bentambo. Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okupeyinta amanzi aqhelekileyo agcwalisa i-Petroleum Cola kwaye ukongeza i-tepe yokubhloka kwamanzi, egcwele umsantsa phakathi kwentambo kwaye i-sheath yokuthintela amanzi ngokuthe nkqo, ngaloo ndlela idlala indima ekuthinteleni amanzi.
Xa i-synthitic isetyenziswa ngamanani amakhulu njenge-insulawiwe kwi-fiber optic yentambo (okokuqala kwi-cansness), ezi zinto zinxilisayo azikhuselekanga kwi-ingeress yamanzi. Ukuqulunqwa "kwemithi yamanzi" kwisakhiwo se-subring esona sizathu siphambili sefuthe lokwenza umsebenzi. Indlela yokufaka isixhobo esichaphazeleka ngayo yimithi yamanzi idla ngokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ngenxa yendawo eyomeleleyo yombane (enye i-thpotheles itshintshwe ngamanani ahlukeneyo e-fiber optic yentambo ye-fiber optic. Iimolekyuli zamanzi ziya kungena kwinani elahlukileyo le-pores ezinamachaphaza amancinci, zenza "imithi yamanzi", iqokelela kwinani elininzi lamanzi kunye nokusasazeka kwi-leble yentambo, kwaye ichaphazela intsebenzo yentambo. Emva kweminyaka yophando novavanyo lwamanye amazwe kunye novavanyo lwe-1980s, ukufumana indlela yokuphelisa indawo yokuhambisa amanzi, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokukhula komthi wamanzi, ukucima intambo ngaphakathi kokusasazeka kwentambo; Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa yomonakalo wangaphandle kunye nokungenisa amanzi, isithintelo samanzi sinokuthintela ngokukhawuleza amanzi, hayi ukusasazeka kwentambo.
3 Ushwankathelo lomqobo wamanzi entambo
I-3. 1 Ukuhlelwa kwe-fiber optic cablers
Zininzi iindlela zokuphucula imiqobo yamanzi e-onble, enokufakwa ngokwesakhiwo, umgangatho kunye nobunzima. Ngokubanzi, zinokuhlelwa ngokwesakhiwo sabo: Amacala aphezulu enamacala amabini, amanzi anamacala amabini anemilinganiselo yefilimu kunye nefilimu yefilimu. Umsebenzi wobuqhetseba wamanzi weqonga lamanzi ikakhulu lubangelwa yimpahla ephezulu yokufumana amanzi (ebizwa ngokuba ngumqobo wamanzi), oko kukuthintela ukukhula kwamanzi, oko kukuthintela ukukhula komthi wamanzi kunye nokuthintela amanzi aqhubekayo kunye nokusasazeka kwamanzi. Oku kubandakanya zombini i-polysaccharides yendalo necociweyo.
Nangona ezi bhanti zendalo okanye zendalo ezinendalo zinezinto ezilungileyo, zinezinto ezimbini ezingalunganga.
I-1) i-biodegradable kunye ne-2) banokutsha kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba kungalindelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwizixhobo ze-fiber optic. Olunye uhlobo lwezinto zokwenziwa kumanzi Ukuxhathisa kwamanzi kumelwe zii-polyacylates, ezinokusetyenziswa njengamanzi iingcezu zamehlo kuba zihlangabezana nezi zinto zilandelayo:
2) Xa yomile, banokumelana neemeko zokusebenza zeentambo ze-gorm ukuya kwi-90 ° C) ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubomi bekhebula, kwaye banokujamelana nobushushu obuphakathi kwexesha elifutshane;
3) Xa amanzi engena, banokudumba ngokukhawuleza kwaye benze ijeli ngesantya sokwanda.
4) Veza i-jelcous gel, nkqu kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu i-viscosity yejeli ithe wazinzile ixesha elide.
I-synthesis yokuphinda-phinda amanzi anokwahlulwa ngokweendlela zemveli - indlela yokudibanisa i-polymeric (i-polymering ye-oyile engasebenziyo), indlela yabo yokunxibelelanisa i-polymeric-odibanisayo - indlela yediski - "indlela ye-idiadiation -" indlela ye-coradiation. Indlela yokunxibelelanisa ngokuhambelana isekwe kwi "Cobabalt 60" γ-γ-γ-γ-γ. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeSynthesi zineedigri ezahlukeneyo ze-polymeris kunye nokudibanisa ukudibanisa kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka i-arhente engqongqo kakhulu yearhente yokubhloka kwamanzi ifunwa kwiikhasethi zokubhloka kwamanzi. Ngabambalwa kakhulu iipolyacylates ezinokuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zine zingasentla, ngokwamava asebenzayo, iiarhente zokuvala kwamanzi (kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo enamanzi amaninzi kwi-sodium polyacrylate) ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokukhawuleza kunye nokufikelela kwi-ackert eqingqiweyo kunye nendawo ephezulu yokufumana amanzi uphindaphindeka. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zezi: Ukufunxa kwamanzi amaninzi kunokufikelela malunga nama-400 amaxesha, ireyithi yokufumana amanzi inokufikelela kumzuzu wokuqala wokufumana iipesenti ezingama-75 zamanzi angena emanzini athintele; Ukuchasana kwamanzi ukomisa iimfuno zozinzi ze-shorm: Ukuthathwa kwamanzi emva kokwenziwa kweemfuno zokuzinza kwe-gel: Ukuzinza kwejeli kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela ye-synthesis kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumenzi. Kwangelo xesha, hayi ngokukhawuleza inani lokwandiswa, okungcono, ezinye iimveliso ezikwisantya, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo akuhambelani nokuzinza kwe-hydrogel, kodwa kungafezekisi ifuthe lokunganyangeki kwamanzi.
I-3. Iimpawu ezi-3 zeteyiphu yokubhloka kwamanzi njengeentambo ekwenzeni, ukuvavanywa, ukuhambisa, ukugcinwa nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwendalo, intambo yokuthintela amanzi ahlukeneyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1) Inkangeleko yokuBhengezwa kweFiber, izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kunye nomgubo, amandla athile oomatshini, efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zentambo;
2) Iyunifom, iphindaphindiweyo, umgangatho ozinzileyo, ekumiselweni kwentambo ayizukubabalaswa kwaye ivelise
3) uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokwandiswa, isantya sokwanda ngokukhawuleza, uzinzo lwejebhu elungileyo;
4) uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo;
5) uzinzo oluphezulu lweekhemikhali, akanazo naziphi na izinto ezongalisayo, ukuxhathisa kwibacteria kunye nokukhukuliseka komlongo;
I-6) Ukuhambelana okuhle nezinye izinto zentambo yokukhanya, ukumelana kwe-oxidation, njl.
Imigangatho emi-4 yamanzi eNqaku yokuSebenza
Inani elikhulu leziphumo zophando libonisa ukuba ukunganyangeki kwamanzi okungalunganga kuzinzo lwexesha elide kwi-Cable yokuhambisa intambo kuya kuvelisa ingozi enkulu. Oku kwenzakala, kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa kunye nokuhlolwa kwefektri ye-fible ye-fible intambo kunzima ukuyifumana, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe iya kuvela kwinkqubo yokubeka intambo emva kokusetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo lemigangatho yovavanyo ebanzi nelichanekileyo, ukufumana isiseko sokuvavanywa kwawo onke amaqela kunokwamkela, kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo. Uphando olubanzi lombhali, ukuhlola kunye novavanyo kwiibhanti zokubhloka kwamanzi zibonelele ngesiseko esaneleyo sophuhliso lwamanqanaba obuchwephesha beebhanti zokuthintela amanzi. Fumana iiparamitha zentsebenzo zexabiso lomqobo elisekwe koku kulandelayo:
1) Iimfuno zomgangatho wentambo yokukhanya kumanzi (ubukhulu becala zifunelwa iimfuno zentambo yekhoble yentambo);
2) amava ekwenzeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezithintelo zamanzi kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo;
3) Iziphumo zophando kwimpembelelo yeempawu zeetayile zokhiya amanzi kwintsebenzo yeentambo zefible.
4. Imbonakalo
Ukubonakala kwe-taper yeercari yamanzi kufuneka kwasasazwa iintsinga; Umphezulu kufuneka ube nkqo kwaye awukhulule kwii-Wrinkles, i-creats kunye neenyembezi; Makungabikho ntlobo yobubanzi betepi; Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo kufuneka zikhululeke kulibaziselo; Iteyiphu kufuneka ityhutywe ngokuqinileyo kwaye imiphetho yeteyiphu egcinwe ngesandla kufuneka ikhululeke kwi "verw hat molo".
4.2 Amandla oomatshini omqadi
Amandla abunjiweyo axhomekeke kwindlela yokwenziwa kwetayiphu engafunekiyo, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zexabiso, indlela ye-viscose ilunge ngakumbi kunendlela yokuvelisa eshushu, ubukhulu bayo bungatsiba. Amandla e-thanser ye-teer barger tape ahluka ngokwendlela intambo esongelwe okanye ivalwe kwintambo.
Olu luphawu oluphambili kwiibhanti ezimbini zokuthintela amanzi, apho indlela yendlela yovavanyo kufuneka ifakwe icebo, ulwelo kunye novavanyo. Eyona nto iphambili yokuthintela amanzi kwiteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi yindawo ye-sodium edibene ne-sodium edibeneyo kunye nezahlulo zalo ezinolwazi lokulinganisa amanzi, kuba akukho candelo le-alassic kunye ne-ceioric kunye ne amanzi acocekileyo. Ukuphindaphinda okufundwayo kwe-adngen yokuphumla kwamanzi kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zamanzi kuyahluka kakhulu, ukuba iphinda-phindwane i-adsunsed emanzini acocekileyo yi-100% yexabiso; kwi-tage tap amanzi yi-40% ukuya kwi-60% (kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi kwindawo nganye); kumanzi olwandle yi-12%; Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi enzonzobila antsonkothile, kunzima ukumisela ipesenti yokufunxa, kwaye ixabiso layo liya kuba liphantsi kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa isithintelo esithintelayo samanzi kunye nobomi bentambo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-temp yorokritha yamanzi enomphakamo odubulayo we-10mm.
4.3eectrical Properties
Ngokubanzi, intambo yamehlo ayinayo i-wire ye-wire yentsimbi, ke ayibandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kweteyiphu yamanzi eqhubayo, yi-33 wang qiiang qwayitha yamanzi
Intambo yokuhlanganisa yombane phambi kobuso bombane, iimfuno ezithile ngokwesakhiwo sentambo ngesivumelwano.
4.4 Ukuzinza kwe-therms uninzi lweetephu zamanzi okuvala amanzi zinokudibana neemfuno zozinzi ze-radity: Ukusebenza kweteyiphu yokubhloka kwamanzi akufuneki kutshintshe emva kwexesha elithile kweli xesha lobushushu.
Amandla egenti kufuneka abe ngowona phawu lubalulekileyo lwezinto ezingenamsebenzi, ngelixa ireyithi yokwandiswa isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubude bokungena kwamanzi (ngaphantsi kwe-1 m). Izinto ezilungileyo zokwanda kufuneka zibe nenqanaba lokwandiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuvalelwa okuphezulu. Isithintelo esibi samanzi ahluphekayo, nokuba sinereyithi yokwandiswa okuphezulu kunye nokubonisa okuphantsi, kuya kuba nepropathi yothintelo lwamanzi aphantsi. Oku kunokuvavanywa xa kuthelekiswa nenani lemijikelezo ye-thermal. Phantsi kweemeko ze-hydrolytic, ijeli iya kuqhekeza ungene kwi-viscosity ephantsi yolwelo oluya kuphakamisa umgangatho wawo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokukhuthaza ukunqunyanyiswa kwamanzi acocekileyo okuqulatha i-2 h. Ijeli ekhuphiweyo ihlulwe kumanzi agqithisileyo kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yokuvala ejikelezayo ukulinganisa i-viscofity ngaphambi nasemva kwe-24 H nge-95 ° C. Umahluko kwi-gel uzinzo lunokubonakala. Oku kuhlala kwenziwe kwimijikelezo ye-8h ukusuka kwi-20 h ukuya kwi-205 ° C kwaye 8h ukusuka kwi-95 ° C ukuya kwi-95 ° C ukuya kwi-20 ° C. Imigangatho efanelekileyo yaseJamani ifuna imijikelezo ye-126 ye-8h.
4. 5 Ukuhambelana Njengoko kufanelekile kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba kusetyenziswe, uvavanyo lokwaluphala olukhawulezileyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe, okt i-Cable ye-Cable icocekile, isongelwe kwi-100 yegumbi elineqondo elingakumbi kwi-100 ° C kwiintsuku ezili-10, emva koko umgangatho uphakamileyo. Amandla obuzinile kunye ne-Elongtion yezinto ezibonakalayo akufuneki zitshintshe ngaphezulu kwe-20% emva kovavanyo.
I-Post Ixesha: IJUL-22-2022