1. Intshayelelo
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-fibre optic iye yanda. Njengoko iimfuno zokusingqongileyo zeentambo ze-fibre optic ziqhubeka zisanda, neemfuno zomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-fibre optic ziyanda. I-Fiber optic cable-blocking tape yinto eqhelekileyo yokuthintela amanzi esetyenziswa kushishino lweentambo ze-fibre optic, indima yokuvala, ukuthintela amanzi, ukufuma kunye nokukhusela i-buffer kwintambo ye-fibre optic iye yaqatshelwa ngokubanzi, kwaye iintlobo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye kwagqitywa ngophuhliso lweentambo ze-fibre optic. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isakhiwo "somileyo" sangeniswa kwintambo ye-optical. Olu hlobo lwezinto zokuthintela amanzi zentambo ludla ngokuba yindibaniselwano yeteyipu, intambo okanye i-coating yokuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwi-core yentambo. Ngokwamkelwa okukhulayo kweentambo ze-fibre optic ze-core eyomileyo, izinto zentambo ze-fibre optic ze-core eyomileyo zithatha indawo ngokukhawuleza yeekhompawundi zesiqhelo zokuzalisa iintambo ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum jelly. Izinto ze-core eyomileyo zisebenzisa i-polymer efunxa amanzi ngokukhawuleza ukwenza i-hydrogel, evuthulula kwaye izalise imijelo yokungena kwamanzi yentambo. Ukongeza, njengoko izinto ezisisiseko ezomileyo zingenamafutha anamathelayo, akukho ziwipe, izinyibilikisi okanye izicoci ezifunekayo ukulungiselela intambo yokudityaniswa, kwaye ixesha lokudityaniswa kwentambo liyancipha kakhulu. Ubunzima obuncinci bentambo kunye nokunamathela okuhle phakathi koboya obungaphandle bokuqinisa kunye nesheath akuncitshiswanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo.
2 Impembelelo yamanzi kwintambo kunye nendlela yokumelana namanzi
Eyona sizathu sokuba kuthathwe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuthintela amanzi kukuba amanzi angena kwintambo aya kubola abe yi-hydrogen kunye ne-O2H-ions, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukulahleka kokudluliselwa kwefayibha ye-optical, inciphise ukusebenza kwefayibha kwaye inciphise ubomi bentambo. Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okuthintela amanzi kukuzalisa ngepetroleum paste kunye nokongeza iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi, ezaliswa kwindawo ephakathi kwentloko yentambo kunye nesheath ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokufuma ukuba kungasasazeki ngokuthe nkqo, ngaloo ndlela kudlala indima ekuthinteleni amanzi.
Xa ii-resin zokwenziwa zisetyenziswa ngobuninzi njenge-insulators kwiintambo ze-fibre optic (okokuqala kwiintambo), ezi zinto zokukhusela nazo azikhuselekanga ekungeneni kwamanzi. Ukwenziwa "kwemithi yamanzi" kwizinto zokukhusela yisona sizathu siphambili sempembelelo ekusebenzeni kothumelo. Indlela izinto zokukhusela ezichaphazeleka ngayo yimithi yamanzi idla ngokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngenxa yentsimi yombane enamandla (enye ingcamango kukuba iipropati zeekhemikhali ze-resin zitshintshwa kukukhutshwa okubuthathaka kakhulu kwee-electron ezikhawulezayo), iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena ngamanani ahlukeneyo ee-micro-pores ezikhoyo kwizinto zokukhusela zentambo ye-fibre optic. Iimolekyuli zamanzi ziya kungena ngamanani ahlukeneyo ee-micro-pores kwizinto zokukhusela zentambo, zenze "imithi yamanzi", ziqokelelana kancinci kancinci amanzi amaninzi kwaye zisasazeke kwicala elide lentambo, kwaye zichaphazele ukusebenza kwentambo. Emva kweminyaka yophando novavanyo lwamazwe ngamazwe, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, ukufumana indlela yokuphelisa eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvelisa imithi yamanzi, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba intambo ikhutshwe igqunywe ngomaleko wokufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nokwandiswa komqobo wamanzi ukuthintela nokucothisa ukukhula kwemithi yamanzi, ukuvala amanzi kwintambo ngaphakathi kokusasazwa kobude; kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yomonakalo wangaphandle kunye nokungena kwamanzi, umqobo wamanzi unokuwavala amanzi ngokukhawuleza, kungekhona ukusasazeka kobude bentambo.
3 Isishwankathelo somqobo wamanzi wekhebula
3. 1 Uhlu lwemiqobo yamanzi yentambo ye-fibre optic
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula imiqobo yamanzi yekhebula le-optical, enokwahlulwa ngokwesakhiwo sayo, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ngokubanzi, inokwahlulwa ngokwesakhiwo sayo: i-waterstop ene-laminated emacaleni amabini, i-waterstop ene-coated emacaleni elinye kunye ne-waterstop yefilimu edibeneyo. Umsebenzi womqobo wamanzi wesithintelo samanzi ubangelwa kakhulu zizinto ezifunxa amanzi amaninzi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-water barrier), ezinokudumba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umqobo wamanzi udibene namanzi, zenze umthamo omkhulu wejeli (umqobo wamanzi unokufunxa amanzi aphindwe kalikhulu kunawo), ngaloo ndlela uthintela ukukhula komthi wamanzi kwaye uthintele ukungena nokusasazeka kwamanzi. Ezi ziquka zombini iipolysaccharides zendalo kunye neziguqulwe ngamakhemikhali.
Nangona ezi zithinteli zamanzi zendalo okanye ezingeyondalo zineempawu ezilungileyo, zineengxaki ezimbini eziyingozi:
1) ziyabola kwaye 2) ziyatsha kakhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba zingabi lula ukusetyenziswa kwizinto zentambo ye-fibre optic. Olunye uhlobo lwezinto ezenziweyo kwi-water resist lumelwe zii-polyacrylates, ezinokusetyenziswa njenge-water resist kwiintambo ze-optical kuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezilandelayo: 1) xa zomile, zinokulwa noxinzelelo oluvela ngexesha lokwenziwa kweentambo ze-optical;
2) xa zomile, zinokumelana neemeko zokusebenza kweentambo ze-optical (ukujikeleza kwe-thermal ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-90 °C) ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubomi bentambo, kwaye zinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elifutshane;
3) xa amanzi engena, anokudumba ngokukhawuleza aze enze ijeli ngesantya sokwanda.
4) ivelisa ijeli egobileyo kakhulu, nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu i-viscosity yejeli izinzile ixesha elide.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezigxotha amanzi kunokwahlulwa ngokubanzi kwiindlela zemveli zeekhemikhali – indlela yesigaba esibuyiselweyo (indlela yokudibanisa amanzi kwi-oyile), indlela yazo yokudibanisa i-cross-linking – indlela yediski, indlela yokukhanyisa – indlela ye-“cobalt 60” γ-ray. Indlela yokudibanisa isekelwe kwindlela yokudibanisa i-“cobalt 60” γ. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokudibanisa amanzi kunye nokudibanisa amanzi, ngoko ke iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zearhente yokuthintela amanzi efunekayo kwiiteyiphu zokuthintela amanzi. Zimbalwa kakhulu ii-polyacrylates ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezine ezingentla, ngokwamava asebenzayo, ii-arhente zokuthintela amanzi (ii-resins ezifunxa amanzi) azinakusetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zenxalenye enye ye-cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindlela yokudibanisa i-multi-polymer (oko kukuthi, inxalenye eyahlukeneyo yomxube we-cross-linked sodium polyacrylate) ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokudibanisa amanzi ngokukhawuleza nangokuphezulu. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zezi: ukufunxwa kwamanzi okuninzi kunokufikelela malunga namaxesha angama-400, izinga lokufunxwa kwamanzi linokufikelela kumzuzu wokuqala ukufunxwa yi-75% yamanzi afunxwa yi-water resistance; iimfuno zozinzo lobushushu olumelana nokomisa amanzi: ukumelana nobushushu bexesha elide le-90°C, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza be-160°C, ukumelana nobushushu obukhawulezileyo be-230°C (kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-photoelectric composite cable enezibonakaliso zombane); ukufunxwa kwamanzi emva kokwenziwa kweemfuno zozinzo lwe-gel: emva kwemijikelo emininzi yobushushu (20°C ~ 95°C) Ukuzinza kwe-gel emva kokufunxwa kwamanzi kufuna: i-viscosity ephezulu ye-gel kunye namandla e-gel emva kwemijikelo emininzi yobushushu (20°C ukuya kwi-95°C). Ukuzinza kwe-gel kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenziwa kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumvelisi. Kwangaxeshanye, hayi ngokukhawuleza izinga lokwanda, kokukhona kungcono, ezinye iimveliso zilandela isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo akuhambisani nokuzinza kwe-hydrogel, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla okugcina amanzi, kodwa kungekhona ukufezekisa isiphumo sokumelana namanzi.
3. Iimpawu ezi-3 zeteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi Njengoko intambo isetyenziswa ekuveliseni, ekuvavanyweni, ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo yokumelana novavanyo lokusingqongileyo, ngoko ke ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa kwentambo ye-optical, iimfuno zeteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi zentambo zezi zilandelayo:
1) ukusasazwa kwefayibha yembonakalo, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ngaphandle kokususa ulwelo kunye nomgubo, ezinamandla athile oomatshini, afanelekileyo kwiimfuno zentambo;
2) umgangatho ofanayo, ophindaphindwayo, ozinzileyo, xa kudalwa intambo ayizukuncitshiswa kwaye ivelise
3) uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokwandisa, isantya sokwandisa esikhawulezayo, uzinzo oluhle lwejeli;
4) uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezilandelayo;
5) uzinzo oluphezulu lweekhemikhali, alunazo naziphi na izinto ezirhabaxa, lumelana neebhaktheriya kunye nokukhukuliseka komngundo;
6) ukuhambelana okuhle nezinye izinto zekhebula le-optical, ukumelana ne-oxidation, njl.
Imigangatho emi-4 yokusebenza kwentambo yokukhanya ethintela amanzi
Iziphumo ezininzi zophando zibonisa ukuba ukumelana namanzi okungafanelekiyo nokuzinza kwexesha elide kokusebenza kokudluliselwa kwentambo kuya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Lo monakalo, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuhlolwa kwefektri kwentambo yefayibha ye-optical kunzima ukuyifumana, kodwa uya kubonakala kancinci kancinci kwinkqubo yokubeka intambo emva kokusetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemigangatho yovavanyo ebanzi nechanekileyo, yokufumana isiseko sovavanyo lwamaqela onke anokwamkela, lube ngumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo. Uphando olubanzi lombhali, uphando kunye novavanyo kwiibhanti zokuthintela amanzi lubonelele ngesiseko sobuchwephesha esaneleyo sokuphuhliswa kwemigangatho yobuchwephesha yeebhanti zokuthintela amanzi. Chonga iiparameter zokusebenza zexabiso lomqobo wamanzi ngokusekelwe koku kulandelayo:
1) iimfuno zomgangatho wekhebula le-optical kwi-waterstop (ngokuyintloko iimfuno zezinto zekhebula le-optical kwimigangatho yekhebula le-optical);
2) amava ekwenziweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezithintelo zamanzi kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo;
3) iziphumo zophando malunga nempembelelo yeempawu zeeteyiphu ezithintela amanzi ekusebenzeni kweentambo zefayibha ye-optical.
4. 1 Inkangeleko
Inkangeleko yeteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi kufuneka ibe yimicu esasazeke ngokulinganayo; umphezulu kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye ungabi nemibimbi, imibimbi kunye nokukrazuka; akufuneki kubekho ukuqhekeka kububanzi beteyiphu; izinto ezidityanisiweyo mazingabi nakususwa; iteyiphu mayivalwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye imiphetho yeteyiphu ebanjwe ngesandla mayingabi na "imo yesigqubuthelo sengca".
4.2 Amandla oomatshini esitobhi samanzi
Amandla okutsalwa kwe-waterstop axhomekeke kwindlela yokwenziwa kweteyiphu engalukwanga ye-polyester, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zobungakanani, indlela ye-viscose ingcono kunendlela ehot-rolled yokuvelisa amandla okutsalwa kwemveliso, ubukhulu bayo buncinci. Amandla okutsalwa kweteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi ayahluka ngokwendlela intambo egoqwe ngayo okanye ejikelezwe ngayo intambo.
Olu luphawu oluphambili lweebhanti ezimbini zokuvimba amanzi, apho indlela yokuvavanya kufuneka idityaniswe nesixhobo, ulwelo kunye nenkqubo yokuvavanya. Izinto eziphambili zokuvimba amanzi kwitheyiphu yokuvimba amanzi yi-sodium polyacrylate edityaniswe ngokuyinxenye kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo, ezichaphazela ukwakheka kunye nohlobo lweemfuno zomgangatho wamanzi, ukuze kuhlanganiswe umgangatho wokuphakama kokuvuvukala kwetheyiphu yokuvimba amanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo kuya kuphumelela (amanzi anyibilikisiweyo asetyenziswa kwi-arbitration), kuba akukho nxalenye ye-anionic kunye ne-cationic emanzini acocekileyo, okuyiyo amanzi acocekileyo. I-absorption multiplier ye-absorption resin kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zamanzi iyahluka kakhulu, ukuba i-absorption multiplier emanzini acocekileyo yi-100% yexabiso eliqhelekileyo; emanzini epompo yi-40% ukuya kwi-60% (kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wamanzi kwindawo nganye); emanzini olwandle yi-12%; amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi e-gutter ayinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, kunzima ukumisela ipesenti yokufunxa, kwaye ixabiso lawo liya kuba liphantsi kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo isebenza kakuhle kwaye iyasebenza, kungcono ukusebenzisa iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi enokuphakama okungaphezulu kwe-10mm.
4.3 Iipropati zombane
Ngokubanzi, intambo ye-optical ayinazo iindlela zokudlulisa imiqondiso yombane yocingo lwesinyithi, ngoko ke musa ukusebenzisa iteyiphu yamanzi ethintela ukuxinana, kuphela i-33 Wang Qiang, njl.njl.: iteyiphu yokuthintela ukuxinana kwamanzi yentambo ye-optical.
Intambo yombane edityanisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba kubekho imiqondiso yombane, iimfuno ezithile ngokwesakhiwo sentambo ngokwesivumelwano.
4.4 Uzinzo lobushushu Uninzi lweeteyiphu zokuthintela amanzi zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zozinzo lobushushu: ukumelana nobushushu bexesha elide obuyi-90°C, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza obuyi-160°C, ukumelana nobushushu obukhawulezileyo obuyi-230°C. Ukusebenza kweteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi akufuneki kutshintshe emva kwexesha elithile kula maqondo obushushu.
Amandla ejeli kufuneka abe lolona phawu lubalulekileyo lwento engaphakathi, ngelixa izinga lokwanda lisetyenziselwa kuphela ukunciphisa ubude bokungena kwamanzi okuqala (ngaphantsi kwe-1 m). Izinto ezilungileyo zokwandisa kufuneka zibe nezinga elifanelekileyo lokwanda kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Izinto ezithintela amanzi ezimbi, nokuba zinezinga eliphezulu lokwanda kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi, ziya kuba neempawu ezimbi zokuthintela amanzi. Oku kunokuvavanywa xa kuthelekiswa nemijikelo emininzi yobushushu. Phantsi kweemeko ze-hydrolytic, ijeli iya kwaphuka ibe lulwelo olune-viscosity ephantsi oluya kuwonakalisa umgangatho wayo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokuxubha i-suspension yamanzi acocekileyo equlethe umgubo wokudumba iiyure ezi-2. Ijeli ephumayo yahlulwe emanzini angaphezulu kwaye ibekwe kwi-viscometer ejikelezayo ukulinganisa i-viscosity ngaphambi nasemva kweeyure ezingama-24 kwi-95°C. Umahluko ekuzinzeni kwejeli unokubonwa. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kwimijikelo yeeyure ezi-8 ukusuka kwi-20°C ukuya kwi-95°C kunye neeyure ezi-8 ukusuka kwi-95°C ukuya kwi-20°C. Imigangatho efanelekileyo yaseJamani ifuna imijikelo eli-126 yeeyure ezi-8.
4. 5 Ukuhambelana Ukuhambelana komqobo wamanzi luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu ngokunxulumene nobomi bentambo ye-fibre optic kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokunxulumene nezixhobo zentambo ye-fibre optic ezibandakanyekayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Njengoko ukuhambelana kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba kubonakale, uvavanyo lokuguga olukhawulezileyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe, oko kukuthi, isampuli yezinto zentambo isusiwe, isongwe ngomaleko weteyipu yokumelana namanzi eyomileyo kwaye igcinwe kwigumbi lobushushu elingaguqukiyo kwi-100°C kangangeentsuku ezili-10, emva koko umgangatho uyalinganiswa. Amandla okuxinana kunye nobude bezinto akufuneki kutshintshe ngaphezulu kwe-20% emva kovavanyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-22-2022