Kwizixhobo zobunjineli bombane kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo zoshishino, ukukhetha uhlobo olungalunganga "lwentambo ye-high-voltage" okanye "intambo ye-low-voltage" kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwezixhobo, ukucima kombane, kunye nokumiswa kwemveliso, okanye nakwiingozi zokhuseleko kwiimeko ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi baqonda nje umahluko wolwakhiwo phakathi kwezi zimbini kwaye badla ngokukhetha ngokusekelwe kumava okanye "ukonga iindleko", okukhokelela kwiimpazamo eziphindaphindwayo. Ukukhetha intambo engalunganga kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo kuphela kodwa kunokubangela neengozi zokhuseleko. Namhlanje, makhe sixoxe ngomahluko ophambili phakathi kwazo kunye "neengozi" ezintathu eziphambili ekufuneka uziphephe ngexesha lokukhetha.
1. Uhlalutyo lweSakhiwo: Iintambo zeVolthi ephezulu vs eziphantsi
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba, “Iintambo ze-high-voltage ziintambo eziqinileyo ze-low voltage,” kodwa eneneni, uyilo lwazo lolwakhiwo lunomahluko osisiseko, kwaye umaleko ngamnye ulungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo nenqanaba le-voltage. Ukuze uqonde umahluko, qala ngeenkcazo “ze-high-voltage” kunye “ne-low-voltage”:
Iintambo ze-voltage eziphantsi: I-voltage elinganisiweyo ≤ 1 kV (eqhele ukuba yi-0.6/1 kV), esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusasazwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokunikezelwa kombane kwezixhobo ezincinci;
Iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu: I-voltage elinganisiweyo ≥ 1 kV (eqhele ukuba yi-6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa umbane, izitishi ezincinci, kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu zoshishino.
(1) Umqhubi: Akango “Mkhulu” kodwa “Ubumsulwa bubalulekile”
Iintambo zekhebula ezine-voltage ephantsi zihlala zenziwe ngeentambo zobhedu ezintle ezinemicu emininzi (umz., imicu eli-19 kwiintambo ze-BV), ikakhulu ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno "zomthamo wokuthwala umbane";
Ii-cable conductors ezine-voltage ephezulu, nangona zikwayi-copper okanye i-aluminium, zinobunyulu obuphezulu (≥99.95%) kwaye zisebenzisa inkqubo "yokunamathela okujikelezayo okuncinci" (ukunciphisa izithuba) ukuze kuncitshiswe ukumelana nomphezulu we-conductor kwaye kuncitshiswe "isiphumo sesikhumba" phantsi kwe-voltage ephezulu (umbane ugxila kumphezulu we-conductor, nto leyo ebangela ukufudumeza).
(2) Umaleko Wokugquma: Undoqo Weentambo EzineVolthi Ephezulu "Ukhuseleko LweeLeya Ezininzi"
Iileya zokwambathisa iintambo ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi zibhityile (umz., ubukhulu be-0.6/1 kV yokwambathisa iintambo ~3.4 mm), uninzi lwazo luyiPVC okanyeI-XLPE, ikakhulu enceda “ukwahlula umqhubi ngaphandle”;
Iileya zokuthintela intambo ezisebenzisa umbane ophezulu zityebile kakhulu (iintambo ze-6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 mm) kwaye kufuneka ziphumelele kuvavanyo oluqinileyo olufana "nombane omelana nombane rhoqo" kunye "nombane omelana nombane." Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iintambo ze-high-voltage zongeza iiteyiphu zokuthintela amanzi kunye neeleya eziqhuba umbane kancinci ngaphakathi kwe-insulation:
Iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi: Ithintela ukungena kwamanzi (ukufuma phantsi kombane ophezulu kunokubangela "ukubola kwamanzi," okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kobushushu);
Umaleko ohambisa umbane ngokulinganayo: Uqinisekisa ukusasazwa kombane ngokulinganayo (kuthintela uxinano lwentsimi yendawo, olunokubangela ukukhupha umbane).
Idatha: Umaleko wokwambathisa uxabisa i-40%-50% yeendleko zeentambo ze-voltage ephezulu (yi-15%-20% kuphela kwiintambo ze-voltage ephantsi), nto leyo esona sizathu sokuba iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu zibize kakhulu.
(3) Isikhuselo kunye nesingxobo sesinyithi: "Isikrweqe sokuthintela ukuphazamiseka" kwiintambo zeVoltha ephezulu
Iintambo ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi azinawo umaleko wokukhusela (ngaphandle kweentambo zesignali), iijakethi zangaphandle ikakhulu yiPVC okanye ipolyethylene;
Iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu (ingakumbi ≥6 kV) kufuneka zibe ne-metallic shield (umz.,iteyiphu yobhedu, i-copper braid) kunye nee-metallic sheaths (umz., i-lead sheath, i-corrugated aluminium sheath):
Ukukhusela ngesinyithi: Kuthintela intsimi ye-voltage ephezulu ngaphakathi komaleko we-insulation, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), kwaye kubonelela ngendlela ye-fault current;
I-Metallic sheath: Yomeleza amandla oomatshini (ukuxhathisa ukutyhafa nokutyumza) kwaye isebenza njenge "glowing shield," inciphisa ngakumbi amandla okukhusela ubushushu.
(4) Ijakethi Yangaphandle: Iqinile Ngakumbi Kwiintambo EzineVolthi Ephezulu
Iijakethi zekhebula ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi zikhusela kakhulu ekugugeni nasekuboleni;
Iijakethi zekhebula ezine-voltage ephezulu kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana neoyile, ukubanda, i-ozone, njl.njl. (umz., i-PVC + izongezo ezimelana nemozulu). Ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo (umz., iintambo zenqanawa zasemanzini) kunokufuna izixhobo zokukhusela ucingo lwentsimbi (ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lokuxinana).
2. “Iingxaki” ezi-3 ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziphephe xa ukhetha iintambo
Emva kokuqonda umahluko wolwakhiwo, kufuneka uziphephe ezi "migibe ifihlakeleyo" ngexesha lokukhetha; kungenjalo, iindleko zinokunyuka, okanye iziganeko zokhuseleko zinokwenzeka.
(1) Ukusukela “iBanga eliPhakamileyo” okanye “iXabiso eliphantsi” ngokungaboniyo
Ingcamango Engachanekanga: Abanye bacinga ukuba “ukusebenzisa iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu endaweni ye-voltage ephantsi kukhuselekile,” okanye basebenzisa iintambo ze-voltage ephantsi ukonga imali.
Umngcipheko: Iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu zibiza kakhulu; ukukhetha iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu ngokungeyomfuneko kwandisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukusebenzisa iintambo ze-voltage ephantsi kwiimeko ze-voltage ephezulu kunokonakalisa ubushushu ngoko nangoko, kubangele ii-short circuits, imililo, okanye kubeke abasebenzi emngciphekweni.
Indlela Echanekileyo: Khetha ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lombane kunye neemfuno zamandla, umz., umbane wasekhaya (220V/380V) usebenzisa iintambo ze-voltage ephantsi, iimoto ze-industrial high-voltage (10 kV) kufuneka zihambelane neentambo ze-high-voltage — ungaze “wehlise umgangatho” okanye “uphucule” ngokungaboni.
(2) Ukungayinaki "Umonakalo Ofihliweyo" Ovela Kwindalo Esingqongileyo
Ingcamango engeyiyo: Cinga ngombane kuphela, ungayihoyi imeko-bume, umz., ukusebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezifumileyo, ezishushu kakhulu, okanye ezirhabaxa ngeekhemikhali.
Umngcipheko: Iintambo ezinombane ophezulu kwiindawo ezifumileyo ezinezikhuselo okanye iijakethi ezonakeleyo zinokuba namava okuguga komswakama wobushushu; iintambo ezinombane ophantsi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (umz., amagumbi ebhoyila) zinokuthamba kwaye zingasebenzi.
Indlela Echanekileyo: Cacisa iimeko zokufakela — iintambo ezixhonyiweyo zokufakelwa ezigqunyiweyo, iintambo ezixhonyiweyo ezingangeni manzi zangaphantsi kwamanzi, izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu wobushushu (XLPE ≥90℃) kwiindawo ezishushu, iijakethi ezingamelani nokugqwala kwizityalo zeekhemikhali.
(3) Ukungawunaki Ukuhambelana "Kwendlela Yokuthwala Umthamo Wangoku kunye Nendlela Yokubeka"
Ingcamango engeyiyo: Gxila kuphela kwinqanaba le-voltage, ungayinaki i-cable current capacity (ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo) okanye ucinezele/ugobe kakhulu ngexesha lokubeka.
Umngcipheko: Umthamo wamandla wamandla angonelanga ubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye kukhawulezise ukuguga kwe-insulation; i-radius egobileyo engafanelekanga yeentambo ze-high-voltage (umz., ukutsala nzima, ukugoba kakhulu) kungonakalisa ukhuselo kunye ne-insulation, nto leyo edala iingozi zokuqhekeka.
Indlela Echanekileyo: Khetha iinkcukacha zekhebula ngokusekelwe kumbane okhoyo obalwayo (cinga ngombane wokuqala, ubushushu obuphakathi); landela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zerediyasi yokugoba ngexesha lokufakelwa (irediyasi yokugoba yekhebula enevolthi ephezulu idla ngokuba yi-≥15× ububanzi bangaphandle bomqhubi), kuphephe ukucinezelwa kunye nokuvezwa elangeni.
3. Khumbula "iMithetho yeGolide" emi-3 yokuphepha iingozi zokukhetha
(1) Jonga ulwakhiwo ngokuchasene neVoltage:
Ukufakwa kwentambo ezisebenzisa umbane ophezulu kunye neeleya zokukhusela zibalulekile; iintambo ezisebenzisa umbane omncinci azifuni uyilo olugqithisileyo.
(2) Amanqaku ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo:
I-voltage, amandla, kunye nendawo ezikuyo kufuneka zihambelane; musa ukuyiphucula okanye ukuyithoba ngokungabonakaliyo.
(3) Qinisekisa iinkcukacha ngokuchasene nemigangatho:
Umthamo wokuthwala umbane, irediyasi yokugoba, kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko kufuneka zilandele imigangatho yesizwe — musa ukuthembela kumava kuphela.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-29-2025