Kubunjineli bamandla kunye nofakelo lwezixhobo zoshishino, ukukhetha uhlobo olungalunganga lwe "high-voltage cable" okanye "low-voltage cable" kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezixhobo, ukucima umbane, kunye nokuyeka ukuvelisa, okanye iingozi zokhuseleko kwiimeko ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banokuqonda okungaphezulu kuphela kweyantlukwano yesakhiwo phakathi kwezi zibini kwaye bahlala bekhetha ngokusekelwe kumava okanye "ukonga iindleko" ingqwalasela, ekhokelela kwiimpazamo eziphindaphindiweyo.. Ukukhetha intambo engafanelekanga kungabangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo kodwa kudala iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko.
1. Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo: I-High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage Cables
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba, "Iintambo ze-voltage eziphakamileyo ziziintambo ezishinyeneyo ezine-voltage ephantsi," kodwa eneneni, uyilo lwazo lolwakhiwo lunomohluko osisiseko, kwaye wonke umaleko ulungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba lombane. Ukuqonda umahluko, qala ngeenkcazo "ze-high-voltage" kunye "ne-low-voltage":
Iintambo ze-low-voltage: I-voltage elinganisiweyo ≤ 1 kV (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.6 / 1 kV), isetyenziselwa ukusabalalisa izakhiwo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla amancinci;
Iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu: I-voltage elinganisiweyo ≥ 1 kV (ngokuqhelekileyo i-6 kV, i-10 kV, i-35 kV, i-110 kV), isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, izitishi, kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso.
(1) I-Conductor: Hayi “Ingqindilili” kodwa “Imibandela Yokucoceka”
Iiconductors zentambo ezine-voltage ephantsi zidla ngokwenziwa ngeengcingo zobhedu ezinamaqhina amaninzi (umzekelo, iintambo ezili-19 kwiingcingo ze-BV), ingakumbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno “zokuthwala ngoku”;
Iziqhubi zentambo ezine-voltage ephezulu, nangona zikwanobhedu okanye i-aluminium, zinokucoceka okuphezulu (≥99.95%) kwaye zamkele inkqubo ye-"compact round stranding" (ukunciphisa i-voids) ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa umphezulu we-conductor kunye nokunciphisa "impembelelo yesikhumba" phantsi kombane ophezulu (okhoyo ngoku ugxininise kumphezulu womqhubi, obangela ukufudumeza).
(2) Umaleko weInsulation: Undoqo weeCables ezineVoltge High-Voltage' "Ukhuseleko lwamaLayiki amaninzi"
Izaleko zokugquma intambo ene-voltage ephantsi zincinci kakhulu (umzekelo, 0.6/1 kV ubukhulu bentambo yokugquma ~3.4 mm), ubukhulu becala iPVC okanyeXLPE, ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa “ukwahlula umqhubi ngaphandle”;
Izaleko zokugquma iintambo ezinevoltheji ephezulu zityebe kakhulu (intambo eyi-6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 mm) kwaye kufuneka baphumelele uvavanyo olungqongqo olufana “nombane ohamba ngamaxesha okumelana nombane” kunye “nombane wokunyanzeliswa kwamandla ombane.” Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iintambo zombane ophezulu zongeza iiteyiphu zokuthintela amanzi kunye neengqimba ze-semi-conductive ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugquma:
Iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi: Ikhusela ukungena kwamanzi (ukufuma ngaphantsi kwamandla ombane aphezulu kunokubangela "umthi wamanzi," okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-insulation);
Umaleko we-Semi-conductive: Uqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okufanayo (ukuthintela ukugxilwa kwentsimi yendawo, okunokubangela ukukhupha).
Idatha: I-insulation layer ithatha i-40% -50% yeendleko ze-high-voltage cable (kuphela i-15% -20% ye-low-voltage), esona sizathu esikhulu sokuba kutheni iintambo zombane ophezulu zibiza kakhulu.
(3) UkuKhusela kunye neMetallic Sheath: “Isikrweqe esiChasene noKuphazamiseka” kwiiCables ezineVoltage High.
Iintambo ezine-voltage ephantsi ngokubanzi azinamaleko akhuselayo (ngaphandle kweentambo zomqondiso), kunye neebhatyi zangaphandle ubukhulu becala iPVC okanye ipolyethylene;
Iintambo zombane ophezulu (ingakumbi ≥6 kV) kufuneka zibe nesikhuselo sesinyithi (umz.,itheyiphu yobhedu, i-copper braid) kunye neeshethi zesinyithi (umz., i-sheath yelothe, i-aluminiyam egutyungelweyo):
Ukukhusela i-Metallic: Ukunyanzelisa intsimi ye-voltage ephezulu ngaphakathi kwe-insulation layer, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI), kwaye ibonelela ngendlela yempazamo yangoku;
I-Metallic sheath: Yongeza amandla omatshini (ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokutyumza) kwaye isebenza "njengekhaka lokumisa," inciphisa ngakumbi ukuqina kwebala lokugquma.
(4) Ibhatyi yangaphandle: I-Rugged engakumbi kwiiCables eziPhezulu zeVoltage
Iibhatyi zekhebula eziphantsi kwe-voltage zikhusela ikakhulu ekunxibeni nasekudlekeni;
High-voltage cable iibhatyi kufuneka ukongezelela ukumelana ioli, ukubanda, ozone, njl (umzekelo, PVC + izongezo kwimozulu-resistant). Usetyenziso olukhethekileyo (umzekelo, iintambo ezikwinkwili) zisenokufuna izixhobo zokuxhobisa ngocingo lwentsimbi (ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-tensile).
2. 3 “Imigibe” Engundoqo Omele Uyiphephe Xa Ukhetha Iintambo
Emva kokuqonda ukuhlukana kwesakhiwo, kufuneka kwakhona ugweme le "migibe efihliweyo" ngexesha lokukhetha; kungenjalo, iindleko zinokunyuka, okanye iziganeko zokhuseleko zingenzeka.
(1) Ukusukela “iBanga eliPhezulu” okanye “iXabiso eliNgaphantsi”
Umbono ongachananga: Abanye bacinga ukuba “ukusebenzisa iintambo zombane ezinamandla endaweni yombane ombane kukhuselekile,” okanye basebenzisa iintambo ezingenawo amandla ombane ukuze bonge imali.
Umngcipheko: Iintambo zombane ophezulu zibiza kakhulu; ukhetho olungeyomfuneko lwe-high-voltage yonyusa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukusebenzisa iintambo ezine-voltage ephantsi kwimiba yombane ophezulu kunokophula i-insulation ngoko nangoko, kubangele iisekethe ezimfutshane, umlilo, okanye ubungozi babasebenzi.
Indlela echanekileyo: Khetha ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lombane lombane kunye neemfuno zamandla, umz., umbane wasekhaya (220V/380V) usebenzisa iintambo ezinevoltheji ephantsi, iimotor ze-industrial high-voltage motors (10 kV) kufuneka zihambelane neentambo zombane ophezulu — ungaze “uthobe” okanye “uphucule” ngokungaboni.
(2) Ukungahoywa "Umonakalo ofihliweyo" kwiNdawo
Uluvo olungelulo: Qwalasela kuphela amandla ombane, ungayihoyi indalo esingqongileyo, umz., ukusebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo kwindawo efumileyo, yobushushu obuphezulu, okanye kwiimeko ezinobungozi bekhemikhali.
Umngcipheko: Iintambo zombane ophezulu kwiindawo ezifumileyo ezinamakhaka ezonakalisiweyo okanye iibhatyi zinokufumana ukuguga kobushushu; iintambo ezine-voltage ephantsi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (umzekelo, amagumbi ebhoyila) zinokuthamba kwaye zisilele.
Indlela echanekileyo: Cacisa iimeko zofakelo - iintambo ezixhotyisiweyo zofakelo olungcwatyiweyo, iintambo ezingangeni manzi ezixhotyisiweyo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, izinto ezinobushushu obuphezulu (XLPE ≥90℃) kwindawo eshushu, iibhatyi ezikwaziyo ukugilana kwizityalo zekhemikhali.
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Ukungaqondi kakuhle: Gxininisa kuphela kwinqanaba le-voltage, ungayihoyi umthamo wangoku wekhebula (ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bangoku) okanye ukucinezela ngaphezulu / ukugoba ngexesha lokubeka.
Umngcipheko: Ukungonelanga kwamandla akhoyo kubangela ukushisa okugqithisileyo kwaye kukhawulezise ukuguga kwe-insulation; Iradiyasi yokugoba engafanelekanga yeentambo zombane ophezulu (umzekelo, ukutsalwa kanzima, ukugoba ngokugqithisileyo) kunokonakalisa isikhuselo kunye nokugquma, kudala umngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
Indlela echanekileyo: Khetha ukucaciswa kwekhebula ngokusekelwe kubalwa okwangoku (qwalasela ukuqala ngoku, ubushushu be-ambient); landela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zeradiyasi yokugoba ngexesha lofakelo (i-high-voltage cable ukugoba iradiyasi ngokuqhelekileyo ≥15× i-conductor diameter yangaphandle), kunqandwe ukucinezelwa kunye nokuphuma kwelanga.
3. Khumbula i-3 "iMithetho yeGolide" ukuze ugweme iMigibe yokuKhetha
(1) Qwalasela iSakhiwo esiChasene nombane:
I-high-voltage cable insulation kunye nemigangatho yokukhusela ingundoqo; iintambo ezine-voltage eziphantsi azifuni ukuyila ngaphezulu.
(2) Tshatisa amaBanga ngokufanelekileyo:
Umbane, amandla, kunye nokusingqongileyo kufuneka zihambelane; musa ukuphucula ngokumfameka okanye ukuthoba umgangatho.
(3) Qinisekisa Iinkcukacha Ngokuchasene neMigangatho:
Umthamo okhoyo ngoku, i-radius yokugoba, kunye nenqanaba lokukhusela kufuneka lilandele imigangatho yelizwe - ungathembeli kuphela kumava.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-29-2025