Kule mihla yophuhliso lolwazi olukhawulezayo, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeleni phambili intlalo. Ukususela kunxibelelwano lwemihla ngemihla oluphathwayo kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi ukuya kwi-automation yemizi-mveliso kunye nokubeka esweni kude, iintambo zonxibelelwano zisebenza "njengeendlela" zokudlulisela ulwazi kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zeentambo zonxibelelwano, intambo ye-coaxial ivelele ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esahlukileyo kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ihlala iyeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokudlulisela isignali.
Imbali yentambo ye-coaxial isukela ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokuvela nokukhula kwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwerediyo, kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yentambo ekwaziyo ukudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo imiqondiso ye-high-frequency. Ngo-1880, isazinzulu saseBritane u-Oliver Heaviside saqala ukuphakamisa ingcamango yentambo ye-coaxial saza sayila isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko. Emva kokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo, iintambo ze-coaxial zafumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwicandelo lonxibelelwano, ngakumbi kwithelevishini yekhebula, unxibelelwano lwerediyo, kunye neenkqubo zeradar.
Nangona kunjalo, xa sitshintshela ingqalelo yethu kwiindawo zaselwandle—ingakumbi kwiinqanawa kunye nobunjineli baselwandle—iintambo ze-coaxial zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Indawo yaselwandle iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyaguquguquka. Ngexesha lokuhamba, iinqanawa zichatshazelwa kukubetha kwamaza, ukugqwala kwetyuwa, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ezi meko zinzima zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kweentambo, nto leyo ebangela intambo ye-coaxial yaselwandle. Yenzelwe ngokukodwa iindawo zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphuculweyo kokukhusela kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, okwenza zifaneleke ukudluliselwa komgama omde kunye nonxibelelwano lwedatha olukhawulezayo. Nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zinokuthumela imiqondiso ngokuzinzileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Intambo ye-coaxial yaselwandle yintambo yonxibelelwano esebenza kakhulu elungiselelwe ulwakhiwo kunye nezinto ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zendalo yaselwandle. Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo ze-coaxial eziqhelekileyo, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zahlukile kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwentambo ye-coaxial yolwandle lunamacandelo amane: umqhubi wangaphakathi, umaleko wokufaka ubushushu, umqhubi wangaphandle, kunye nesheath. Olu yilo lwenza kube lula ukuhanjiswa kwesignali esebenzayo ngesantya esiphezulu ngelixa kunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwesignali kunye nokuphazamiseka.
I-Inner Conductor: I-inner conductor yeyona nto iphambili kwi-marine coaxial cable, edla ngokwenziwa nge-high-purity copper. I-conductivity egqwesileyo ye-Copper iqinisekisa ukulahleka okuncinci kwesignali ngexesha lokudluliselwa. Ububanzi kunye nokuma kwe-inner conductor zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa kwaye zilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukudluliselwa okuzinzileyo kwiimeko zaselwandle.
Umaleko Wokugquma: Ubekwe phakathi kwee-conductors zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, umaleko wokugquma uthintela ukuvuza kwesignali kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane. Izinto kufuneka zibonise iimpawu ezintle ze-dielectric, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-salt spray, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-PTFE (i-polytetrafluoroethylene) kunye ne-Foam Polyethylene (i-Foam PE)—zombini zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle ngenxa yokuzinza nokusebenza kwazo kwiindawo ezifuna amandla.
I-Outer Conductor: Isebenza njengomaleko wokukhusela, i-outer conductor idla ngokuba nocingo lwekopolo olufakwe kwi-tin oludityaniswe ne-aluminium foil. Ikhusela i-signal kwi-external electromagnetic interference (EMI). Kwiintambo ze-marine coaxial, isakhiwo sokukhusela siyaqiniswa ukuze simelane ne-EMI ngakumbi kwaye silwe nokungcangcazela, okuqinisekisa uzinzo lwe-signal nokuba kulwandle olurhabaxa.
Isingxobo: Umaleko ongaphandle ukhusela intambo ekonakaleni koomatshini nasekuchaphazelekeni kwendalo. Isingxobo sentambo ye-coaxial yolwandle kufuneka singatshisi ilangatye, singabi nazingcongconi, kwaye singabi nazingcongconi. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziqukai-halogen engenamsi uphantsi (LSZH)i-polyolefin kunyeI-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride)Ezi zinto azikhethwanga nje kuphela ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokukhusela kodwa zikwakhethwa ukuze zihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko lolwandle engqongqo.
Iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zingahlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
Ngokwesakhiwo:
Intambo ye-coaxial enekhaka elinye: Inomaleko omnye wokukhusela (i-braid okanye i-foil) kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuhambisa isignali.
Intambo ye-coaxial ene-double-shield: Iqulethe zombini i-aluminium foil kunye ne-tin copper wire braid, enika ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo lwe-EMI—ilungele iindawo ezinengxolo yombane.
Intambo ye-coaxial enesikrweqe: Yongeza ucingo lwentsimbi okanye umaleko wesikrweqe se-tape yentsimbi ukuze ikhuseleke ngoomatshini kwiindawo ezixinezelekileyo okanye ezivezwe elwandle.
Ngokwesiqhelo:
Intambo ye-coaxial ephindaphindekayo ephantsi: Yenzelwe imiqondiso ephindaphindekayo ephantsi njengedatha yesandi okanye yesantya esiphantsi. Ezi ntambo zihlala zine-conductor encinci kunye ne-insulation encinci.
Intambo ye-coaxial ephindaphindayo kakhulu: Isetyenziselwa ukusasazwa kwesignali ephindaphindayo kakhulu njengeenkqubo ze-radar okanye unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, idla ngokuba nee-conductors ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ezihlala zisebenza nge-dielectric ephezulu ukunciphisa ukuthotywa kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokwesicelo:
Intambo ye-coaxial yenkqubo yerada: Ifuna ukuncitshiswa okuphantsi kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-EMI ukuze idlulise isignali yerada ngokuchanekileyo.
Intambo ye-coaxial yonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi: Yenzelwe ukusasazwa okude, okuhamba rhoqo, okuxhathisa kakhulu amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo.
Intambo ye-coaxial yenkqubo yokuhamba emanzini: Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokuhamba, ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokungcangcazela, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwetyuwa.
Intambo ye-coaxial yenkqubo yokuzonwabisa yaselwandle: Ithumela imiqondiso yeTV kunye nesandi ebhodini kwaye ifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwesignali kunye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka.
Iimfuno Zokusebenza:
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwiindawo zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile:
Ukumelana neTyuwa: Ubuninzi betyuwa kwiindawo zaselwandle bubangela ukugqwala okunamandla. Izixhobo zentambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle kufuneka zimelane nokugqwala kweTyuwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala kwexesha elide.
Ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-Electromagnetic: Iinqanawa zivelisa i-EMI enamandla kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezikwibhodi. Izixhobo zokukhusela ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nezakhiwo zekhaka ezimbini ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali okuzinzileyo.
Ukumelana nokungcangcazela: Ukuhamba ngenqanawa elwandle kubangela ukungcangcazela rhoqo. Intambo ye-coaxial yolwandle kufuneka yomelele ngoomatshini ukuze imelane nokushukuma okuqhubekayo kunye nokothuka.
Ukumelana nobushushu: Njengoko amaqondo obushushu eqala kwi -40°C ukuya kwi +70°C kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle, intambo ye-coaxial yolwandle kufuneka igcine ukusebenza okufanayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukungatshisi kweLanga: Kwimeko yomlilo, ukutsha kweentambo akufuneki kukhuphe umsi omninzi okanye iigesi ezinobuthi. Ke ngoko, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zisebenzisa izinto ezingenayo i-halogen yomsi ophantsi ezithobela i-IEC 60332 yokungatshisi komsi ophantsi, kunye neemfuno ze-IEC 60754-1/2 kunye ne-IEC 61034-1/2 zokungatshisi komsi ophantsi, ezingenayo i-halogen.
Ukongeza, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuqinisekiswa eqinileyo evela kwi-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) kunye nemibutho yokwahlulahlula efana ne-DNV, i-ABS, kunye ne-CCS, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle.
Malunga neLIZWE ELINYE
I-ONE WORLD igxile kwizinto eziluhlaza zokwenza ucingo kunye neentambo. Sibonelela ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zeentambo ze-coaxial, kubandakanya iteyiphu yobhedu, iteyiphu ye-aluminium foil Mylar, kunye neekhompawundi ze-LSZH, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zaselwandle, ze-telecom, kunye nezombane. Ngomgangatho othembekileyo kunye nenkxaso yobungcali, sikhonza abavelisi beentambo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-26-2025