Kweli xesha lophuhliso lolwazi olukhawulezayo, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeleni phambili inkqubela phambili yoluntu. Ukusuka kunxibelelwano oluphathwayo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi ukuya kwi-automation yemizi-mveliso kunye nokubeka iliso okude, iintambo zonxibelelwano zisebenza "njengeendlela ezinkulu" zokuhanjiswa kolwazi kwaye zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zeentambo zonxibelelwano, intambo ye-coaxial ivelele ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, ehlala enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zeendaba zokuhambisa umqondiso.
Imbali yentambo ye-coaxial ibuyele emva kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokuvela kunye nokuvela kobuchwephesha bonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo, bekukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yentambo ekwaziyo ukuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo imiqondiso ye-frequency ephezulu. Ngomnyaka we-1880, isazinzulu saseBritane u-Oliver Heaviside waqala ukuphakamisa ingcamango yentambo ye-coaxial kwaye wayila isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko. Emva kokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo, iintambo ze-coaxial ngokuthe ngcembe zafumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kummandla wonxibelelwano, ngakumbi kumabonakude wentambo, unxibelelwano lwamaza kanomathotholo, kunye neenkqubo zeradar.
Nangona kunjalo, xa sitshintshela kwimo yendalo yaselwandle-ingakumbi kwiinqanawa kunye nobunjineli baselwandle-iintambo ze-coaxial zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Imekobume yaselwandle intsonkothile kwaye iyaguquguquka. Ngexesha lokuhamba, iinqanawa zisesichengeni sokuchaphazeleka kwamaza, ukubola kwetyuwa yokutshiza, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane. Ezi meko zingqwabalala zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kwentambo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintambo ye-coaxial yolwandle. Ngokukodwa ezilungiselelwe iindawo zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zibonelela ngokusebenza okukhuselweyo okuphuculweyo kunye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, okubenza bafanelekele ukuhanjiswa komgama omde kunye ne-high-bandwidth, unxibelelwano lwedatha olukhawulezayo. Nakwiimeko ezimaxongo zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zinokusasaza imiqondiso ngokuzinzileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Intambo yolwandle i-coaxial cable yintambo yonxibelelwano esebenza kakhulu ephuculwe kuzo zombini ulwakhiwo kunye nemathiriyeli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zemo engqongileyo yaselwandle. Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqhelekileyo ze-coaxial, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zihluke kakhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwentambo ye-coaxial yolwandle lunamacandelo amane: i-conductor yangaphakathi, i-insulation layer, i-coaxial cable yangaphandle, kunye ne-sheath. Olu luyilo luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ye-frequency esebenzayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukuthomalaliswa komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka.
I-Conductor yangaphakathi: I-conductor yangaphakathi ingundoqo yentambo ye-coaxial yolwandle, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngobhedu olucocekileyo oluphezulu. Ukuqhuba kakuhle kweCopper kuqinisekisa ilahleko encinci yesignali ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Idayamitha kunye nokumila komqhubi wangaphakathi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kothumelo kwaye zilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukusasaza oluzinzileyo kwiimeko zaselwandle.
I-Insulation Layer: Ibekwe phakathi kwee-conductor zangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-insulation layer ikhusela ukuvuza komqondiso kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane. Isixhobo kufuneka sibonise iipropathi ezigqwesileyo ze-dielectric, amandla omatshini, kunye nokuchasana ne-corrosion yetyuwa yokutshiza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-PTFE (i-polytetrafluoroethylene) kunye ne-Foam Polyethylene (i-Foam PE)-zombini zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo ezifunayo.
I-Conductor yaNgaphandle: Isebenza njengomaleko okhuselayo, i-conductor yangaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukuphonswa kocingo lobhedu olulukiweyo oludityaniswe nefoyile yealuminiyam. Ikhusela umqondiso ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle (EMI). Kwiintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle, ulwakhiwo olukhuselayo luqiniswe ukwenzela ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwe-EMI kunye nokusebenza okuchasene nokungcangcazela, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza komqondiso nakwiilwandle ezilwatyuzayo.
I-Sheath: Umaleko ongaphandle ukhusela intambo kumonakalo womatshini kunye nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo. I-sheath yentambo ye-coaxial yaselwandle kufuneka ingadangali, imelane nokuqhushumba, kwaye imelane nokuhlwa. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zibandakanyaUmsi ophantsi wehalogen-free (LSZH)polyolefin kunyeI-PVC (ipolyvinyl chloride). Ezi zixhobo azikhethwanga kuphela kwiimpawu zazo zokukhusela kodwa kunye nokuthobela imigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko lwaselwandle.
Iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zinokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
Ngokwesakhiwo:
Intambo ye-coaxial yekhaka elinye: Ifaka umaleko omnye wokhuselo (i-braid okanye i-foil) kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni zokuhambisa umqondiso.
Intambo ye-coaxial enekhaka eliphindwe kabini: Iqulethe zombini ifoyile ye-aluminiyam kunye nentsimbi yocingo enkonkxiweyo, inika ukhuseleko lwe-EMI olwandisiweyo-lulungele iindawo ezinengxolo yombane.
Intambo ye-Armored coaxial: Yongeza intambo yentsimbi okanye iteyiphu yesikrweqe sentsimbi ukuze ukhuseleke ngoomatshini kuxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye kwizicelo zaselwandle eziveziweyo.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo:
Intambo ye-coaxial ye-low-frequency: Yenzelwe imiqondiso ephantsi-frequency efana ne-audio okanye idatha yesantya esisezantsi. Ezi ntambo zihlala zine-conductor encinci kunye ne-insulation encinci.
Intambo ye-coaxial ye-high-frequency: Isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ye-high-frequency efana neenkqubo ze-radar okanye unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, ehlala iqulethe ii-conductor ezinkulu kunye ne-high-dielectric ehlala i-insulation materials ukunciphisa ukuthotywa kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngesicelo:
Inkqubo yeRadar intambo ye-coaxial: Ifuna ukuthotywa okuphantsi kunye nokuchasana kwe-EMI ephezulu yokuhanjiswa komqondiso we-radar ngokuchanekileyo.
Unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi intambo ye-coaxial: Yenzelwe umgama omde, usasazo olukwi-frequency ephezulu ngokuxhathisa okuqinileyo kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo.
Inkqubo yokuhamba ngenqanawa yaselwandle i-coaxial cable: Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhamba, ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukungcangcazela, kunye nokumelana nokutshiza kwetyuwa.
Inkqubo yokuzonwabisa yaselwandle i-coaxial cable: Ihambisa i-TV kunye nemiqondiso ye-audio ebhodini kwaye ifuna imfezeko yesignali egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka.
IiMfuno zokuSebenza:
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwiindawo zaselwandle, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezithile:
Ukumelana neSitshizi seTyuwa: Ubume betyuwa obuphezulu bemekobume yaselwandle bubangela umhlwa owomeleleyo. Izixhobo zentambo ye-coaxial yasemanzini kufuneka zixhathise ukonakala kwesitshizi setyuwa ukunqanda ukuthotywa kwexesha elide.
I-Electromagnetic Interference Resistance: Iinqanawa zivelisa i-EMI enzulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zebhodi. Izinto zokukhusela eziphezulu kunye nezakhiwo eziphindwe kabini ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komqondiso ozinzile.
Ukuxhathisa iVibration: Ukuhamba elwandle kubangela ukungcangcazela rhoqo. Intambo yolwandle i-coaxial cable kufuneka yomelele ngoomatshini ukuze imelane nentshukumo eqhubekayo kunye nokothuka.
Ukumelana nobushushu: Ngobushushu obusuka kwi -40 ° C ukuya + 70 ° C kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yolwandle, intambo ye-coaxial yolwandle kufuneka igcine ukusebenza okuhambelanayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukubuyiswa komlilo: Xa kuthe kwakho umlilo, ukutsha kwentambo akufuneki kukhuphe umsi omninzi okanye iigesi eziyityhefu. Ngoko ke, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle zisebenzisa izinto eziphantsi komsi we-halogen-free ezihambelana ne-IEC 60332 flame retardancy, kunye ne-IEC 60754-1 / 2 kunye ne-IEC 61034-1 / 2 umsi ophantsi, iimfuno ezingenayo i-halogen.
Ukongezelela, iintambo ze-coaxial zaselwandle kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yoqinisekiso olusuka kwi-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) kunye nemibutho yokuhlelwa efana ne-DNV, i-ABS, kunye ne-CCS, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle.
Malunga EZWE ELINYE
IHLABATHI elinye lisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimathiriyeli ekrwada yokwenziwa kweengcingo neentambo. Sinikezela ngezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiintambo ze-coaxial, kubandakanywa iteyiphu yobhedu, i-aluminium foil ye-Mylar tape, kunye neekhompawundi ze-LSZH, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilwandle, i-telecom, kunye nezicelo zamandla. Ngomgangatho othembekileyo kunye nenkxaso yobungcali, sisebenzela abavelisi beentambo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-26-2025