Njengoko uluntu lwanamhlanje luphuhla, iinethiwekhi ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwesignali yenethiwekhi kuxhomekeke kwiintambo zenethiwekhi (ezibizwa ngokuba ziintambo ze-Ethernet). Njengesakhiwo semizi-mveliso esihambayo sanamhlanje elwandle, ubunjineli baselwandle nabaselwandle buya ngokuya buzisebenzela kwaye bukrelekrele ngakumbi. Imeko-bume iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, ibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwisakhiwo seentambo ze-Ethernet kunye nezinto zentambo ezisetyenziswayo. Namhlanje, siza kwazisa ngokufutshane iimpawu zesakhiwo, iindlela zokwahlulahlula, kunye noqwalaselo lwezinto ezibalulekileyo zeentambo ze-Ethernet zaselwandle.
1. Udidi lweCable
(1). Ngokwendlela yokusebenza koThutho
Iintambo ze-Ethernet esizisebenzisa rhoqo zenziwa ngezakhiwo zesibini ezijijekileyo ze-copper conductor, eziqulathe ii-conductors ze-copper ezineentambo enye okanye ezininzi, izixhobo zokukhusela ze-PE okanye ze-PO, ezijijekileyo ngababini, kwaye emva koko izibini ezine zenziwe intambo epheleleyo. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni, iiklasi ezahlukeneyo zeentambo zinokukhethwa:
Udidi 5E (CAT5E): Isiciko sangaphandle sidla ngokwenziwa nge-PVC okanye i-polyolefin engenamsi uphantsi, ene-transmission frequency ye-100MHz kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-1000Mbps. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi zasekhaya nakwiiofisi ngokubanzi.
Udidi 6 (CAT6): Isebenzisa oomatshini bobhedu abakumgangatho ophezulu kunyei-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu (i-HDPE)izixhobo zokwambathisa, ezinesahluli solwakhiwo, zonyusa i-bandwidth ukuya kwi-250MHz ukuze kudluliselwe umbane ngendlela ezinzileyo.
Udidi 6A (CAT6A): Ukuphindaphinda kuyanda ukuya kwi-500MHz, izinga lokudluliselwa lifikelela kwi-10Gbps, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iteyiphu ye-aluminium foil ye-Mylar njengezinto zokukhusela ezimbini, kwaye idityaniswe nezinto zesheya ezingena-halogen ezingenamsi omninzi ezisebenza kakuhle ukuze zisetyenziswe kumaziko edatha.
Udidi 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Isebenzisa umqhubi wobhedu ongenaoksijini ongu-0.57mm, isibini ngasinye sikhuselweIteyiphu yeMylar foil+ ukuluka kwentambo yobhedu efakwe ebhotileni iyonke, okuphucula ukuthembeka kwesignali kunye nokuxhasa uthumelo olukhawulezayo lwe-10Gbps.
Udidi 8 (CAT8): Ulwakhiwo yi-SFTP ene-double-layer shielding (i-aluminium foil Mylar tape kwisibini ngasinye + i-braid iyonke), kwaye i-sheath idla ngokuba yi-XLPO sheath material ethintela ilangatye kakhulu, exhasa isantya esifikelela kwi-2000MHz kunye ne-40Gbps, ifanelekile kwiintambo zonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo kwiindawo zedatha.
(2). NgokweSakhiwo soKhuseleko
Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo izinto zokukhusela kwisakhiwo, iintambo ze-Ethernet zingahlulwa zibe:
I-UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Isebenzisa kuphela izinto zokukhusela i-PO okanye i-HDPE ezingenazo izikhuselo ezongezelelweyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okuncinci kwe-electromagnetic.
I-STP (I-Shielded Twisted Pair): Isebenzisa i-aluminium foil Mylar tape okanye i-copper wire braid njengezinto zokukhusela, iphucula ukumelana nokuphazamiseka, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ze-electromagnetic.
Iintambo ze-Marine Ethernet zihlala zijongene nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic, nto leyo efuna izakhiwo zokukhusela eziphezulu. Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo luquka:
I-F/UTP: Isebenzisa iteyiphu ye-aluminiyam ye-Mylar njengomaleko wokukhusela, ofanele i-CAT5E kunye ne-CAT6, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zolawulo ezikwibhodi.
SF/UTP: Iteyiphu ye-aluminiyam ye-Mylar + isikhuselo se-braid copper esingenanto, esiphucula ukumelana kwe-EMI iyonke, esetyenziswa rhoqo kumandla olwandle kunye nokudluliselwa kwesignali.
I-S/FTP: Isibini ngasinye esijijekileyo sisebenzisa iteyiphu ye-aluminiyam foil ye-Mylar yokukhusela nganye nganye, kunye nomaleko wangaphandle we-copper wire braid yokukhusela iyonke, kunye nezinto ze-XLP sheath ezithintela ilangatye kakhulu. Olu lulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwe-CAT6A kunye neentambo ezingaphezulu.
2. Umahluko kwiintambo ze-Marine Ethernet
Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo ze-Ethernet ezisemhlabeni, iintambo ze-Ethernet zasemanzini zinomahluko ocacileyo ekukhetheni izinto kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yemeko-bume enzima yaselwandle—inkungu enetyuwa eninzi, ukufuma okuphezulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic, imitha ye-UV enamandla, kunye nokutsha—izixhobo zentambo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza koomatshini.
(1). Iimfuno ezisemgangathweni
Iintambo zeMarine Ethernet zihlala ziyilwe ngokwe-IEC 61156-5 kunye ne-IEC 61156-6. Iintambo ezithe tye zihlala zisebenzisa ii-copper copper copper ezidityaniswe nezixhobo ze-HDPE insulation ukuze kufezekiswe umgama ongcono wokudlulisela kunye nozinzo; iintambo ze-patch kumagumbi edatha zisebenzisa ii-copper copper copper stranded ezine-insulation ethambileyo ye-PO okanye ye-PE ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa izinto kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
(2) .Ukumelana neLanga kunye nokuxhathisa umlilo
Ukuthintela ukusasazeka komlilo, iintambo ze-Ethernet zasemanzini zihlala zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-polyolefin ezingenamsi uphantsi ze-halogen (ezifana ne-LSZH, XLPO, njl.njl.) zokugquma, zihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-IEC 60332 flame retardant, i-IEC 60754 (engenamsi uphantsi), kunye ne-IEC 61034 (umsi ophantsi). Kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, i-mica tape kunye nezinye izinto ezingatshiyo zongezwa ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-IEC 60331 yokumelana nomlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yonxibelelwano igcinwa ngexesha leziganeko zomlilo.
(3). Ukumelana neoyile, Ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezixhobo
Kwiiyunithi ezikude nolwandle ezifana nee-FPSO kunye nee-dredger, iintambo ze-Ethernet zihlala zichatshazelwa yioyile kunye ne-corrosive media. Ukuphucula ukuqina kwesheath, kusetyenziswa izinto ze-polyolefin sheath ezidityanisiweyo (SHF2) okanye izinto ze-SHF2 MUD ezingangenisi daka, ezihambelana nemigangatho yokumelana neekhemikhali ye-NEK 606. Ukuphucula amandla oomatshini ngakumbi, iintambo zinokugqunywa nge-galvanized steel wire braid (GSWB) okanye i-tinned copper wire braid (TCWB), enika amandla okucinezelwa kunye nokutsalwa, kunye nokukhusela i-electromagnetic ukukhusela ukuthembeka kwesignali.
(4). Ukumelana ne-UV kunye nokusebenza kokwaluphala
Iintambo zeMarine Ethernet zihlala zichatshazelwa lilanga ngqo, ngoko ke izixhobo zeshelufu kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-UV. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-polyolefin sheathing ene-carbon black okanye izongezo ezimelana ne-UV iyasetyenziswa kwaye ivavanywe phantsi kwemigangatho yokuguga ye-UL1581 okanye ye-ASTM G154-16 UV ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lomzimba kunye nobomi benkonzo ende kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-UV.
Ngamafutshane, yonke imaleko yoyilo lwentambo ye-Ethernet yolwandle inxulumene kakhulu nokukhethwa ngononophelo kwezinto zentambo. Ii-copper copper ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izinto zokufakelwa kwe-HDPE okanye i-PO, i-aluminium foil Mylar tape, i-copper wire braid, i-mica tape, izinto ze-XLPO sheath, kunye nezinto ze-SHF2 sheath kunye zenza inkqubo yentambo yonxibelelwano ekwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zaselwandle. Njengomthengisi wezinto zentambo, siyaqonda ukubaluleka komgangatho wezinto ekusebenzeni kwentambo yonke kwaye sizimisele ukubonelela ngezisombululo zezinto ezinokuthenjwa, ezikhuselekileyo, nezisebenza kakuhle kumashishini aselwandle naphesheya kolwandle.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-16-2025