Ngotshintsho lwesakhiwo samandla sehlabathi kunye nokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, iintambo ezintsha zamandla ziya ziba zizinto eziphambili kwicandelo lokuhambisa nokusasaza amandla. Iintambo ezintsha zamandla, njengoko igama lisitsho, luhlobo lweentambo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amasimi afana nokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nezithuthi ezintsha zamandla. Ezi ntambo azinawo nje kuphela amandla ombane asisiseko eentambo zemveli, kodwa kufuneka zijongane nemingeni emininzi kwizicelo zamandla amatsha, kubandakanya iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ze-electromagnetic kunye nokungcangcazela koomatshini okunamandla aphezulu. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola ikamva leentambo ezintsha zamandla kunye namathuba azo okusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Ukusebenza okwahlukileyo kunye nemingeni yeentambo ezintsha zamandla
Uyilo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ezintsha zamandla kukhethekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Kwicandelo lokuvelisa umbane welanga, iintambo ze-photovoltaic array zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto zephaneli ye-photovoltaic. Ezi ntambo zibonakaliswa ngaphandle unyaka wonke, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukumelana nemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nokuguga kwezinto. Iintambo ze-photovoltaic zihlala zisebenzisa amandla anganyangekiyo kakhulu kwimozulu.I-XLPEizixhobo zokuthintela ukutsha kunye neesheya zangaphandle zepolyolefin ezingakrazukiyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo ixesha elide. Iintambo zoqhagamshelo lwe-inverter kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuhle nomlilo, ngoko ke iintambo zePVC ezithintela ilangabi zezona zikhethwa kuqala.
Iimfuneko zeentambo kwicandelo lokuveliswa kwamandla omoya ziqinile ngokulinganayo. Iintambo ezingaphakathi kwijenereyitha kufuneka zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic okuntsonkothileyo. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa ukuluka ucingo lwekopolo ukuzikhusela ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ukongeza, iintambo zetower, iintambo zolawulo, njl. kwiinkqubo zokuveliswa kwamandla omoya nazo kufuneka zibe nokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nemozulu ukuze zikwazi ukumelana neemeko zendalo ezinzima nezitshintshatshintshayo.
Intsimi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ineemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweentambo. Iintambo zamandla ezinamandla aphezulu zinoxanduva lokudibanisa iipakethi zebhetri, iimoto kunye neenkqubo zokutshaja. Zisebenzisa ii-copper copper ezicocekileyo kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ze-XLPE ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, uyilo lweentambo ludibanisa umaleko wokukhusela odibeneyo we-aluminium foil kunye nocingo lobhedu. Iintambo zokutshaja ze-AC kunye ne-DC zixhasa iimfuno kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja, zigxininisa amandla aphezulu okuthwala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugquma ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla nazo zixhomekeke kwinkxaso yeentambo. Iintambo zoqhagamshelo lwebhetri kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo lwangoku nolobushushu, ngoko ke kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokukhusela umbane ezifana ne-XLPE okanye irabha ekhethekileyo. Iintambo ezidibanisa inkqubo yokugcina amandla kwigridi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-voltage ephezulu kwaye zibe nokuziqhelanisa kakuhle nokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokudluliselwa kwamandla.
Imfuno yemarike kunye nokukhula kweentambo ezintsha zamandla
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kunye nokusasazwa kweteknoloji entsha yamandla, amashishini afana namandla omoya, amandla elanga, kunye nezithuthi zamandla ezintsha ziye zazisa ukukhula okukhulu, kwaye imfuno yeentambo zamandla ezintsha nayo inyuke kakhulu. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani beeprojekthi zamandla amatsha eziza kuqaliswa ngo-2024 ziya kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kunye nomthamo wonyaka wokuqala we-28 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, kuquka i-7.13 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zeeprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic, i-1.91 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zeeprojekthi zokugcina umbane, i-13.55 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zeeprojekthi zamandla omoya, kunye ne-11 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zeeprojekthi zokutshintsha iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo kwikhonkco leshishini le-photovoltaic, iintambo ze-photovoltaic zinamathuba ophuhliso abanzi kakhulu. I-China, i-United States kunye ne-Europe zezona ndawo zintathu zinomthamo omkhulu wokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic, ezibalelwa kwi-43%, i-28% kunye ne-18% yenani lilonke lehlabathi, ngokulandelelana. Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisekethe ze-DC kwizixhobo ezisezantsi zeenkqubo zombane. Amanqanaba azo ombane adla ngokuba yi-0.6/1kV okanye i-0.4/0.6kV, kwaye ezinye ziphezulu njenge-35kV. Ngokufika kwexesha lokulingana, ishishini le-photovoltaic liza kungena kwinqanaba lokukhula okukhulu. Kwiminyaka emi-5-8 ezayo, ii-photovoltaic ziya kuba ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yombane ehlabathini.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lokugcina amandla alunakwahlulwa nokuxhaswa kweentambo ezintsha zamandla. Imfuno yeentambo ze-DC ezine-voltage ephezulu, ezisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukudibanisa izixhobo zokutshaja nokukhupha kunye nezixhobo zokulawula izikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla, kunye neentambo ze-AC ezine-voltage ephakathi nephantsi, ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ii-transformers, iikhabhathi zokusasaza, kunye nezixhobo ezine-voltage ephantsi ezifana nokukhanyisa kunye nolawulo kwizikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla, nazo ziya kwanda kakhulu. Ngokukhuthazwa kwenjongo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium, ishishini lokugcina amandla liya kungenisa indawo yophuhliso ebanzi, kwaye iintambo ezintsha zamandla ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo.
Ubuchule bobugcisa kunye neendlela zokukhusela okusingqongileyo kwiintambo ezintsha zamandla
Uphuhliso lweentambo ezintsha zamandla alufuni nje kuphela ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka, kodwa nokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zekhabhoni. Uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweentambo kunye neentambo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okukhethekileyo kube ngumkhwa obalulekileyo kushishino. Umzekelo, uphuhliso lweemveliso zeentambo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu lunokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo ezinje ngamandla omoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga kwiindawo ezigqithisileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokwakhiwa kweegridi ezikrelekrele kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo yamandla esasazwe, iintambo kunye neentambo nazo kufuneka zibe nobukrelekrele kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Abavelisi beentambo batyala imali ngokukhutheleyo kuphando nophuhliso kwaye baqalise uthotho lweemveliso zeentambo ezikhethekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zeentambo kwicandelo elitsha lamandla. Ezi mveliso ziquka iintambo zenkxaso yemodyuli ye-photovoltaic ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kuphahla oluthe tyaba, iintambo ze-lead zemodyuli ye-solar cell zokufakelwa okuzinzileyo, iintambo zee-pulleys zentambo yoxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokulandelela, kunye neentambo zokutshaja iinqwaba ezinokumelana okungcono nobushushu obuphezulu.
Uphuhliso oluluhlaza luye lwaba yimvumelwano yehlabathi, kwaye umbane, njengeshishini elisisiseko loqoqosho lwelizwe, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukhula kwicala eliluhlaza neliphantsi kwekhabhoni. Iintambo kunye neentambo ezithintela ilangatye, ezingenayo i-halogen, ezingenamsi uphantsi, kunye neentambo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zifunwa kakhulu yimarike. Abavelisi beentambo banciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiimveliso ngokuphucula izixhobo kunye neenkqubo, kwaye baphuhlise iimveliso zeentambo ezikhethekileyo ezinexabiso elongezelelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezithile.
Imbono yexesha elizayo
Iintambo zamandla ezintsha, ngokusebenza kwazo okwahlukileyo, zibonelela ngenkxaso enamandla kuphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla. Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe obutsha bamandla kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yemarike, imfuno yeentambo zamandla ezintsha iya kuqhubeka ikhula. Oku akukhuthazi nje kuphela uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kwishishini leentambo, kodwa kukwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwemimandla enxulumene noko efana nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye neetekhnoloji zokuvavanya.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kweentambo ezintsha zamandla kuya kuqhubeka kuphucuka, kubeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kombane oluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela. Iintambo ezintsha zamandla ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kungena kancinci kancinci ebomini bethu, zincede ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo samandla sehlabathi, kwaye zinegalelo elingakumbi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ishishini leentambo liya kuqhuba uphando olunzulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwicala lophuhliso oluluhlaza, kwaye lonyuse ukhuphiswano kunye nenzuzo yamashishini ngokudala iimodeli zokusebenza ezikrelekrele nezedijithali, likhuthaze uphuhliso oludibeneyo lwamashishini asezantsi nasezantsi kuthotho lwemizi-mveliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni lifezekise injongo yophuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu.
Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yamandla yexesha elizayo, iintambo zamandla ezintsha zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kunye namathuba amakhulu ophuhliso. Ngotshintsho lwesakhiwo samandla sehlabathi kunye nokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji, iintambo zamandla ezintsha ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kuguquko lwamandla lwehlabathi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-06-2024