Ukukhethwa kwekhebula linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuyilo lombane kunye nokufakwa. Ukukhetha ngokungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwiingozi zokhuseleko (ezifana nokushisa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye umlilo), ukuhla kwamandla ombane ngokugqithiseleyo, umonakalo wesixhobo, okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ngezantsi yimiba ephambili ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha intambo:
1. IiParameters zoMbane ezingundoqo
(1)Ikonduki yoMmandla oMnqamlezo:
Umthamo wokuthwala wangoku: Le yeyona parameter ibalulekileyo. Intambo kufuneka ikwazi ukuthwala ubuninzi obuqhubekayo obusebenzayo besiphaluka ngaphandle kokudlula ukushisa kwayo okuvumelekileyo. Jonga kwiitafile ze-ampacity kwimigangatho efanelekileyo (njenge-IEC 60287, NEC, GB / T 16895.15).
Ukuhla kweVoloji: Ukuhamba ngoku kwintambo kubangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane. Ubude obugqithisileyo okanye ukungonelanga komnqamlezo kunokukhokelela kumbane ophantsi ekupheleni komthwalo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesixhobo (ingakumbi ukuqaliswa kwemoto). Bala ukuhla kwamandla ombane ukusuka kumthombo wamandla ukuya kumthwalo, uqinisekise ukuba ungaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ≤3% yokukhanyisa, ≤5% yamandla).
I-Circuit Short Withstand Capacity: Ikhebula kufuneka imelane nobuninzi be-short-circuit current kwi-system ngaphandle komonakalo we-thermal ngaphambi kokuba isixhobo sokukhusela sisebenze (i-thermal stability check). Iindawo ezinkulu ezinqamlezileyo zinomthamo ophezulu wokumelana.
(2)Umbane olinganisiweyo:
Amandla ombane alinganisiweyo entambo (umz., 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) akufunekanga abe ngaphantsi kwamandla ombane aqhelekileyo enkqubo (umz., 380V, 10kV) kunye nawo nawaphi na amandla ombane aphezulu asebenzayo. Qwalasela ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kwisistim kunye neemeko zokugqithiswa kwamandla.
(3)Isixhobo soMxolisi:
I-Copper: I-conductivity ephezulu (~ 58 MS / m), amandla okuthwala amandla akhoyo, amandla afanelekileyo omatshini, ukuxhathisa ukugqwesa okugqwesileyo, kulula ukuphatha amalunga, ixabiso eliphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-Aluminium: I-conductivity ephantsi (~ 35 MS / m), idinga i-cross-section enkulu ukufezekisa i-ampacity efanayo, ubunzima obulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa amandla aphantsi omatshini, axhomekeke kwi-oxidation, idinga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-antioxidant compound for joints. Ihlala isetyenziselwa imigca engaphezulu yecandelo elinqamlezayo okanye usetyenziso oluthile.
2. Imekobume yoFakelo kunye neMiqathango
(1)Indlela yoFakelo:
Emoyeni: Iitreyi zekhebhula, iileli, imigudu, iiconduits, umphezulu obekwe ecaleni kweendonga, njl.
Ngaphantsi komhlaba: Ukungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukutsalwa. Qwalasela ukukwazi ukumelana nobushushu bomhlaba, ubunzulu bokungcwaba, ukuba kufutshane neminye imithombo yobushushu (umz., imibhobho yomphunga). Ukufuma komhlaba kunye nokubola kuchaphazela ukhetho lwesheath.
Ngaphantsi kwamanzi: Ifuna izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ezingangeni manzi (umzekelo, i-lead sheath, umaleko odibeneyo wokuthintela amanzi) kunye nokhuseleko lomatshini.
Ukufakela okuKhethekileyo: Ukuqhuba ngokuthe nkqo (cinga ngobunzima bokuzimela), imisele yekhebula / iitonela, njl.
(2) Ubushushu be-Ambient:
Ubushushu be-Ambient buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchithwa kobushushu bekhebula. Iitheyibhile ezisemgangathweni zisekelwe kubushushu bereferensi (umzekelo, 30°C emoyeni, 20°C emhlabeni). Ukuba ubushushu bokwenyani budlula ireferensi, i-ampacity kufuneka ilungiswe (derated). Nika ingqwalasela eyodwa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (umzekelo, amagumbi ebhoyila, imozulu yetropikhi).
(3)Ukuba kufutshane kwezinye iintambo:
Ufakelo lweentambo ezixineneyo kubangela ukufudumeza okufanayo kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Iintambo ezininzi ezifakelwe ngokunxuseneyo (ingakumbi ngaphandle kwesithuba okanye kumjelo omnye) kufuneka zincitshiswe ngokusekelwe kwinani, ukulungiswa (ukubamba / ukungachukumisi).
(4) Uxinzelelo loomatshini:
Umthwalo we-Tensile: Ufakelo oluthe nkqo okanye imigama emide yokutsalwa, qwalasela ubunzima bomzimba wekhebula kunye nokutsalwa koxinzelelo; khetha iintambo zokuqina okwaneleyo (umzekelo, ucingo lwentsimbi oluxhotyisiweyo).
Uxinzelelo/Impembelelo: Iintambo ezingcwatyelwe ngqo kufuneka zimelane nemithwalo yezithuthi ezingaphezulu kunye nemingcipheko yokwembiwa; Iintambo ezixhonywe ngetreyi zinokucinezelwa. Izixhobo zokulwa (i-tape yensimbi, ucingo lwentsimbi) lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluluqilima lomatshini.
Irediyasi yokugoba: Ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokujika, irediyasi yokugoba intambo mayingabi ncinane kunobuncinane obuvumelekileyo, ukunqanda ukonakalisa ukugquma kunye nesheath.
(5)Iingozi zokusingqongileyo:
Ukonakala kweMichiza: Izityalo zemichiza, izityalo zamanzi amdaka, iindawo zenkungu yetyuwa elunxwemeni zifuna izingxobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokutyiwa (umzekelo, i-PVC, i-LSZH, i-PE) kunye/okanye imigangatho yangaphandle. Izikrweqe ezingezizo ezentsimbi (umzekelo, ifayibha yeglasi) zinokufuneka.
Ukungcoliswa kwe-oyile: Iindawo zokugcina i-oyile, iindibano zocweyo zoomatshini zifuna i-oyile-resistant sheaths (umzekelo, i-PVC ekhethekileyo, i-CPE, i-CSP).
Ukutyhileka kwe-UV: Iintambo eziveziweyo zangaphandle zifuna iisheaths ezinganyangekiyo kwi-UV (umzekelo, i-PE emnyama, iPVC ekhethekileyo).
Iimpuku/Iintubi: Eminye imimandla ifuna iintambo zokumelana neempuku/iintubi (izingxobo ezinezigxothi, iibhatyi eziqinileyo, izikrweqe zentsimbi).
Ukufuma/Ukuntywila: Iindawo ezimanzi okanye eziphantsi kwamanzi zifuna ukufuma okufanelekileyo/izakhiwo ezithintela amanzi (umzekelo, ukuvaleka kwamanzi ngeradial, sheath yesinyithi).
I-Atmospheres eqhumayo: Kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zokuthintela uqhushumbo kwindawo enobungozi (umzekelo, i-flame-retardant, LSZH, iintambo ezigqunywe ngezimbiwa).
3. Ulwakhiwo lweCable kunye noKhetho lweMathiriyeli
(1)Izixhobo zokugquma:
I-Polyethylene edityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo (XLPE): Ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu (90 ° C), i-ampacity ephezulu, iipropathi ezilungileyo ze-dielectric, ukumelana neekhemikhali, amandla afanelekileyo omatshini. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zamandla ombane ophakathi/ophantsi. Ukhetho lokuqala.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (i-PVC): Ixabiso eliphantsi, inkqubo ekhulileyo, i-flame retadancy elungileyo, ubushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza (70°C), i-brittle kubushushu obuphantsi, ikhupha iigesi eziyityhefu ze-halogen kunye nomsi oshinyeneyo xa utshisa. Isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kodwa ithintelwa ngokwandayo.
I-Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR): Ukuguquguquka okuhle, imozulu, i-ozone, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali, ukushisa okuphezulu okusebenzayo (90 ° C), esetyenziselwa izixhobo eziphathwayo, emanzini, iintambo zemigodi. Iindleko eziphezulu.
Abanye: I-rubber ye-Silicone (> 180 ° C), i-mineral insulated (MI - i-copper conductor ene-magnesium oxide insulation, ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo) kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo.
(2)IziXhobo zeSheath:
I-PVC: Ukhuseleko olulungileyo lomatshini, i-flame-retardant, ixabiso eliphantsi, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iqulethe i-halogen, umsi onetyhefu xa utshisa.
I-PE: Ukufuma okugqwesileyo kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali, okuqhelekileyo kwi-cable sheaths yangaphandle yekhebula. Ukusilela komlilo.
Umsi ophantsi onguziro Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Umsi ophantsi, ongenabuthi (akukho gesi ze-halogen acid), ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu ngexesha lokutshisa. Isinyanzelo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke (iindlela ezingaphantsi, iivenkile ezinkulu, izibhedlele, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo).
I-Polyolefin ebuyisela amadangatya: Idibana neemfuneko ezithile zokunqanda amadangatye.
Ukukhethwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuchasana nokusingqongileyo (ioli, imozulu, i-UV) kunye neemfuno zokukhusela oomatshini.
(3)Izikhuselo:
I-Conductor Shield: Ifuneka kumbane ophakathi/uphezulu (>3.6/6kV) iintambo, ilingana nebala lombane lomphezulu we-conductor.
I-Insulation Shield: Ifuneka kwiintambo zombane ophakathi/eziphezulu, isebenza nekhaka le-conductor kulawulo olupheleleyo lwentsimi.
I-Metallic Shield / Armour: Ibonelela nge-EMC (i-anti-interference / inciphisa ukukhutshwa) kunye / okanye indlela ye-short-circuit (kufuneka ifakwe emhlabeni) kunye nokukhuselwa komatshini. Iifom eziqhelekileyo: i-tape yobhedu, i-copper wire braid (ikhusi + i-short-circuit path), isikrweqe setape yensimbi (ukhuseleko lomatshini), isikrweqe socingo lwentsimbi (i-tensile + ukukhuselwa komatshini), i-aluminium sheath (ikhuselo + i-radial water-blocking + ukukhuselwa komatshini).
(4)Iintlobo zeziXhobo:
I-Steel Wire Armored (SWA): Ukukhusela okugqwesileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-tensile jikelele, ukungcwaba ngokuthe ngqo okanye iimfuno zokukhusela ngomatshini.
I-Galvanized Wire Armored (GWA): Amandla aphezulu okuqina, okuqhuba ngokuthe nkqo, iindawo ezinkulu, ufakelo oluphantsi kwamanzi.
Izikrweqe ezingezizo ezentsimbi: Iteyiphu yefiber yeglasi, inika amandla omatshini ngelixa ingeyiyo imagnetic, ikhaphukhaphu, imelana nokudumba, kwiimfuno ezizodwa.
4. IiMfuno zoKhuseleko kunye noLawulo
(1)UkuBamba amadangatya:
Khetha iintambo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho esebenzayo yokunqanda amadangatye (umzekelo, i-IEC 60332-1/3 ye-single/bunched flame retardancy, i-BS 6387 CWZ yokumelana nomlilo, i-GB/T 19666) ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko womlilo kunye neemfuno zokufuduka. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye neendawo ezinzima zokuphunyuka kufuneka zisebenzise iintambo ze-LSZH ezinqanda umlilo.
(2)Ukumelana noMlilo:
Kwiisekethe ezibalulekileyo ezimele zihlale zinamandla ngexesha lomlilo (iimpompo zomlilo, iifeni zomsi, ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo, ii-alamu), sebenzisa iintambo ezichasene nomlilo (umzekelo, iintambo ze-MI, i-mica-taped organic insulated structures) zivavanywe kwimigangatho (umz., BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB / T 19216).
(3)I-Halogen-Ayikho kunye noMsi ophantsi:
Isinyanzelo kwiindawo ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye neemfuno zokukhusela izixhobo (ii-hubs zezothutho, amaziko edatha, izibhedlele, izakhiwo zoluntu ezinkulu).
(4)Ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho kunye neSiqinisekiso:
Iintambo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho enyanzelekileyo kunye neziqinisekiso kwindawo yeprojekthi (umzekelo, i-CCC yaseChina, i-CE kwi-EU, i-BS e-UK, i-UL e-US).
5. I-Economics & Life Cycle Cost
Iindleko zoTyalo-mali lokuqala: Ikheyibhile kunye nezincedisi (amalungu, ukupheliswa) ixabiso.
Iindleko zoFakelo: Iyahluka ngokobungakanani bentambo, ubunzima, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokulula kofakelo.
Iindleko zelahleko yokuSebenza: Ukuxhathisa kwi-conductor kubangela ilahleko ye-I²R. Iiconductors ezinkulu zibiza kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa zinciphisa ilahleko yexesha elide.
Iindleko zokuLondoloza: Iintambo ezithembekileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide zineendleko zokuzilungisa eziphantsi.
Ubomi beNkonzo: Iintambo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zinokuhlala iminyaka eyi-30 +. Vavanya ngokubanzi ukunqanda ukukhetha iintambo zomgangatho ophantsi okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi ngokusekwe kuphela kwiindleko zokuqala.
6. Olunye Uqwalaselo
Ulandelelwano lweSigaba kunye nokuMakisha: Kwiintambo ezininzi ezingundoqo okanye ukufakelwa kwesigaba, qinisekisa ukulandelelana kwesigaba esichanekileyo kunye nekhowudi yombala (ngokwemigangatho yendawo).
I-Earthing & Equipotential Bonding: Izikhuselo zentsimbi kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuthembekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo zombini iziphelo) kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo.
Umda wokuGcina: Qwalasela ukukhula komthwalo okunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo okanye utshintsho lwendlela, nyusa icandelo elinqamlezayo okanye ugcine iisekethe ezisecaleni ukuba ziyafuneka.
Ukuhambelana: Izixhobo zekhebhula (iilugi, iijoyinti, ukupheliswa) kufuneka zihambelane nohlobo lwekhebula, umbane, kunye nobungakanani bomqhubi.
Isiqinisekiso soMboneleli kunye noMgangatho: Khetha abavelisi abathembekileyo abanomgangatho ozinzileyo.
Ukuze usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka, ukukhetha intambo efanelekileyo kuhamba kunye nokukhetha izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwilizwe elinye, sibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweengcingo kunye nezixhobo ze-cable ekrwada - kubandakanywa i-insulation compounds, izinto zokugubungela, iiteyiphu, iifayili, kunye neentambo - ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neenkcukacha kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, exhasa ukuyila kunye nokufakwa kwekhebula ekhuselekileyo neyisebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2025