I-Aramid fiber, efinyezwa ligama elithi aromatic polyamide fiber, idweliswe phakathi kwee-fiber ezine ezisebenza kakhulu ezibekwe phambili kuphuhliso eTshayina, kunye ne-carbon fiber, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), kunye ne-basalt fiber. Njenge-nylon eqhelekileyo, i-aramid fiber ikwintsapho yee-polyamide fibers, ene-amide bonds kwi-main molecular chain. Umahluko ophambili usekwe kwi-bonding: ii-amide bonds ze-nylon ziqhagamshelwe kumaqela e-aliphatic, ngelixa ii-aramid's zidityaniswe nee-benzene rings. Olu lwakhiwo lukhethekileyo lwee-molecular lunika i-aramid fiber amandla aphezulu kakhulu e-axial (>20cN/dtex) kunye ne-modulus (>500GPa), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto ikhethwayo yokuqinisa iintambo eziphezulu.
Iintlobo ze-Aramid Fiber
Ifayibha ye-Aramidikakhulu iquka iifayibha ze-polyamide ezinuka kamnandi ngokupheleleyo kunye neefayibha ze-polyamide ezinuka kamnandi ze-heterocyclic, ezinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe yi-ortho-aramid, i-para-aramid (PPTA), kunye ne-meta-aramid (PMTA). Phakathi kwezi, i-meta-aramid kunye ne-para-aramid zezona ziphuhliswe njengeenkampani. Ngokwembono yesakhiwo se-molecular, umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini ukwindawo ye-athomu yekhabhoni kwiringi ye-benzene apho i-amide bond inamathele khona. Lo mahluko wesakhiwo ukhokelela kumahluko abalulekileyo kwiipropati zoomatshini kunye nokuzinza kobushushu.
I-Para-Aramid
I-Para-aramid, okanye i-poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), ekwaziwa eTshayina njenge-Aramid 1414, yi-polymer ephezulu ethe tyaba ene-amide bonds engaphezulu kwe-85% edibene ngqo neeringi ze-aromatic. Iimveliso ze-para-aramid eziphumelele kakhulu kurhwebo yi-DuPont's Kevlar® kunye ne-Teijin's Twaron®, ezilawula imarike yehlabathi. Yayiyi-fiber yokuqala eyakha yaveliswa kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-polymer spinning se-liquid crystalline, esizisa ixesha elitsha lee-fibers zokwenziwa ezisebenza kakuhle. Ngokuphathelele iipropati zoomatshini, amandla ayo okuxinana anokufikelela kwi-3.0–3.6 GPa, i-elastic modulus 70–170 GPa, kunye nokwandiswa ngexesha lokuphumla kwe-2–4%. Ezi mpawu zibalaseleyo zinika iingenelo ezingenakutshintshwa ekuqiniseni i-optical cable, ukhuseleko lwe-ballistic, kunye nezinye iindawo.
I-Meta-Aramid
I-Meta-aramid, okanye i-poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), ekwaziwa eTshayina njenge-Aramid 1313, yi-fiber ephilayo ekhokelayo enganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwe-molecular luqulathe amaqela e-amide adibanisa iiringi ze-meta-phenylene, ezenza uthotho oluzigzag oluzinziswe ziibhondi ze-hydrogen eziqinileyo ze-intermolecular kwinethiwekhi ye-3D. Olu lwakhiwo lunika i-fiber ukuthintela ilangatye okugqwesileyo, uzinzo lobushushu, kunye nokumelana nemisebe. Imveliso eqhelekileyo yi-DuPont's Nomex®, ene-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ye-28–32, ubushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi obumalunga ne-275°C, kunye nobushushu obuqhubekayo obungaphezulu kwe-200°C, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiintambo ezinganyangekiyo kumlilo kunye nezinto zokukhusela ubushushu obuphezulu.
Iipropati Ezibalaseleyo ze-Aramid Fiber
Ifayibha ye-Aramid inika amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali, ubunzima obuphantsi, ubushushu, ukumelana nokwaluphala, umjikelo wobomi obude, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, akukho mathontsi anyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lokutsha, kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi okungenatyhefu. Ukusuka kwimbono yokusetyenziswa kwentambo, i-para-aramid idlula i-meta-aramid kukumelana nobushushu, kunye noluhlu lobushushu oluqhubekayo lwenkonzo ukusuka kwi--196 ukuya kwi-204°C kwaye akukho kuboleka okanye ukunyibilika kwi-500°C. Iimpawu eziphawulekayo zePara-aramid ziquka amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye noxinano oluphantsi. Amandla ayo adlula i-25 g/dtex—amaxesha ama-5 ukuya kuma-6 entsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu, amaxesha ama-3 e-fiberglass, kwaye aphindwe kabini kunentambo ye-nylon enamandla aphezulu. I-modulus yayo iphindwe ka-2-3 kunentsimbi okanye i-fiberglass kwaye iphindwe ka-10 kune-nylon enamandla aphezulu. Iqine kabini kunentambo yentsimbi kwaye inobunzima obuyi-1/5 kuphela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuqinisa kwiintambo ze-optical, iintambo zasemanzini, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentambo zexabiso eliphezulu.
Iipropati zoomatshini ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid yi-polymer eguquguqukayo enamandla okuqhekeka aphezulu kune-polyester eqhelekileyo, umqhaphu, okanye i-nylon. Inesantya esiphezulu sokwandiswa, imvakalelo ethambileyo yesandla, iyakwazi ukusonta kakuhle, kwaye ingaveliswa ibe yimicu emifutshane okanye iifilaments ze-denier ezahlukeneyo. Ingasontwa ibe ngamalaphu kunye nee-nonwovens kusetyenziswa oomatshini belaphu abaqhelekileyo kwaye icutshungulwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zempahla yokukhusela yamashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwi-insulation yombane, iipropati ze-meta-aramid ezithintela umlilo kunye nobushushu ziyavela. Nge-LOI engaphezulu kwama-28, ayizukuqhubeka itsha emva kokushiya ilangatye. Ukumelana kwayo nelangatye kuyinxalenye yesakhiwo sayo seekhemikhali, okwenza ukuba ithintele umlilo ngokusisigxina—ithintele ukulahleka kokusebenza ngenxa yokuhlanjwa okanye ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide. I-Meta-aramid izinzile kakhulu kubushushu, ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-205°C kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okuqinileyo nokuba kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-205°C. Ubushushu bayo bokubola buphezulu, kwaye ayinyibiliki okanye ithontsi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iqala kuphela ukuba yi-carbonize ngaphezulu kwama-370°C. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ekugqumeni nasekuqiniseni iintambo ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezingatshiyo.
Uzinzo lweekhemikhali ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid inokumelana okuhle kakhulu neekhemikhali ezininzi kunye nee-asidi ezingaphiliyo ezixineneyo, nangona ibuthathaka kwi-asidi ezixineneyo ze-sulfuric kunye ne-nitric. Ikwanayo ukumelana okuhle kwe-alkali kubushushu begumbi.
Ukumelana nemitha ye-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid ibonakalisa ukumelana okungaqhelekanga nemisebe. Umzekelo, xa ichaphazeleka ixesha elide kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okuyi-1.2×10⁻² W/cm² kunye nemisebe ye-gamma eyi-1.72×10⁸ rad, amandla ayo akatshintshi. Olu kumelana nemisebe okubalaseleyo kwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiintambo ezisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamandla enyukliya nakwizikhephe.
Ukuhlala ixesha elide kwe-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid ikwabonisa ukukrazuka okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. Emva kokuhlamba izihlandlo ezili-100, ilaphu elenziwe nge-meta-aramid eyenziwe ekhaya ligcina ngaphezulu kwe-85% yamandla alo okuqala okukrazula. Kwiinkqubo zekhebula, oku kuhlala ixesha elide kuqinisekisa uzinzo oluhlala ixesha elide lokusebenza koomatshini kunye nombane.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Aramid Fiber
Ifayibha ye-Aramid isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso yeenqwelo-moya, iimoto, i-electromechanical, ulwakhiwo, kunye nemidlalo yaseTshayina ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali. Ithathwa njengezinto ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwemizi-mveliso esebenza kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, i-aramid idlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwicandelo leentambo zonxibelelwano ze-optical, iintambo zamandla, iintambo ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iintambo zasemanzini, kunye neentambo ezikhethekileyo.
Amabala eeNqwelo-moya kunye nezoMkhosi
Ifayibha ye-Aramid inobunzima obuphantsi, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zesakhiwo seenqwelo-moya, ezifana nee-rocket motor casings kunye nezakhiwo ze-radome ze-broadband. Izixhobo zayo ezidityanisiweyo zibonisa ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwempembelelo kunye nokucaca kwamaza e-electromagnetic, okunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima beenqwelo-moya kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Kwicandelo lokhuselo, i-aramid isetyenziswa kwiivesti ezikhusela iimbumbulu, iihelmethi, kunye nezikhongozeli ezimelana nokuqhuma, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ephambili kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sokhuseleko lomkhosi olula.
Amasimi oKwakha noThutho
Kwishishini lokwakha, i-aramid fiber isetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ulwakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zekhebula lebhulorho ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Isebenza ngakumbi ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwizithuthi, i-aramid isetyenziswa kwilaphu leentambo zamatayara kwiimoto nakwiinqwelomoya. Amatayara aqiniswe yi-aramid anika amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqobhoka, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nobomi obude benkonzo, ehlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezithuthi zanamhlanje ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye neenqwelomoya.
Ushishino lwezoMbane, lwe-Elektroniki, kunye neCable
I-Aramid fiber inezicelo ezibalaseleyo kwicandelo lokuvelisa umbane, elekthronikhi, kunye neleentambo kunye neentambo, ngakumbi kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
Amalungu Okutsala Kwiintambo Zokukhanya: Ngokuqina okuphezulu kokutsala kunye nemodulus, i-aramid fiber isebenza njengelungu lokutsala kwiintambo zonxibelelwano, ikhusela iintambo zokukhanya ezibuthathaka ekuguquguqukeni phantsi kokutsala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali okuzinzileyo.
Ukuqinisa kwiintambo: Kwiintambo ezikhethekileyo, iintambo zasemanzini, iintambo zombane, kunye neentambo ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, i-aramid isetyenziswa kakhulu njengento yokuqinisa ephakathi okanye umaleko wesixhobo sokuzikhusela. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuqinisa isinyithi, i-aramid inika amandla aphezulu xa iphantsi kobunzima, iphucula kakhulu amandla okutsalwa kweentambo kunye nokuzinza koomatshini.
Ukuthintela Ubushushu Nokuchasana Nelangatye: Ii-Aramid composites zinozinzo oluhle kakhulu lwe-dielectric kunye nobushushu. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiileya zokuthintela ubushushu kwiintambo, kwiijakethi ezithintela ubushushu, nakwiisheya ezithintela ubushushu ezingenanto ye-halogen. Iphepha le-Aramid, emva kokuba lifakwe i-varnish yokuthintela ubushushu, lidityaniswa ne-mica yendalo ukuze isetyenziswe kwiimoto kunye nee-transformers ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Iintambo ze-Aramid ezimelana nomlilo kunye neentambo ze-Rail Transit: Ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu kwefayibha ye-Aramid kwenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-shipboard, iintambo ze-rail transit, kunye neentambo ze-nuclear-grade fingers ezimelana nomlilo, apho imigangatho yokhuseleko ingqongqo.
I-EMC kunye neLightweighting: Ukukhanya okugqwesileyo kwe-electromagnetic transparency kunye ne-dielectric constant ephantsi kwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiileya zokukhusela ze-EMI, ii-radar radomes, kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa i-optoelectronic, okunceda ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima benkqubo.
Ezinye izicelo
Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu weringi enevumba elimnandi, i-aramid fiber inika uzinzo olubalaseleyo lweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiintambo zaselwandle, iintambo zokubhola ioyile, kunye neentambo ze-optical transmission eziphezu kweendawo ezinzima. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zemidlalo eziphambili, izixhobo zokukhusela, kunye nee-brake pads zeemoto, kwaye iya kwamkelwa ngakumbi njengendlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo endaweni ye-asbestos kwizicelo zokutywina kunye nokugquma, iiphaneli zokugquma ubushushu, kunye nezinye izinto zokutywina, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-31-2025