Ifayibha yeAramid, imfutshane kwifiber yepolyamide enuka kamnandi, idweliswe phakathi kweentsinga ezine eziphezulu zokusebenza ezibekwe phambili kuphuhliso eTshayina, kunye nefayibha yekhabhoni, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), kunye nefayibha yebasalt. Njengenayiloni eqhelekileyo, ifayibha ye-aramid yeyosapho lweentsinga zepolyamide, ezinamaqhina e-amide kwitsheyini eliphambili lemolekyuli. Umahluko ophambili ulele ekudibaneni: iibhondi zenayiloni ze-amide ziqhagamshelwe kumaqela aliphatic, ngelixa ii-aramid zidityaniswe nezangqa zebenzene. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo semolekyuli sinika i-aramid fiber ephezulu kakhulu amandla axial aphezulu (> 20cN/dtex) kunye nemodyuli (> 500GPa), iyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo yokuqinisa iintambo eziphezulu.
Iintlobo zeAramid Fiber
Ifayibha yeAramidubukhulu becala ibandakanya imicu yepolyamide enevumba elimnandi kunye neheterocyclic enuka kamnandi yepolyamide imicu, enokuthi ihlelwe ngakumbi kwi-ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), kunye ne-meta-aramid (PMTA). Phakathi kwezi, i-meta-aramid kunye ne-para-aramid zizo eziye zaphuhliswa. Ukusuka kwimbono yemolekyuli, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kwindawo ye-athomu yekhabhoni kwiringi ye-benzene apho i-amide bond idityaniswe khona. Lo mahluko wesakhiwo ukhokelela ekuhlukeni okubalulekileyo kwiipropati zomatshini kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.
IPara-Aramid
I-Para-aramid, okanye i-poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-China njenge-Aramid 1414, i-polymer ephezulu yomgca engaphezulu kwe-85% yeebhondi zayo ze-amide ezidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo namakhonkco amnandi. Ezona mveliso ziphumeleleyo kwezorhwebo zepara-aramid yiDuPont's Kevlar® kunye neTeijin's Twaron®, ezilawula kwimarike yehlabathi. Yayilucwecwe lokuqala olwakhe lwaveliswa kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-polymer elulwelo esijikelezayo, singenisa ixesha elitsha lemicu ephezulu yokusebenza. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zemishini, amandla ayo anamandla angafikelela kwi-3.0-3.6 GPa, i-elastic modulus 70-170 GPa, kunye nokuphakama kwikhefu 2-4%. Ezi mpawu zikhethekileyo zinika inzuzo engenakubuyiselwa ekuqiniseni intambo ye-optical, ukhuseleko lwe-ballistic, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
I-Meta-Aramid
I-Meta-aramid, okanye i-poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), ekwaziwa e-China njenge-Aramid 1313, yeyona nto iphambili kwi-high-resistant-resistant organic fiber. Ubume bayo bemolekyuli bunamaqela e-amide adibanisa amakhonkco e-meta-phenylene, okwenza ikhonkco elizigzag elizinziswe ngamabhondi anamandla e-intermolecular hydrogen kwinethiwekhi ye-3D. Olu lwakhiwo lunika ifayibha ngokuncathama okugqwesileyo komlilo, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokumelana nemitha. Imveliso eqhelekileyo yi-DuPont's Nomex®, kunye ne-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ye-28-32, i-glass transition yeqondo lokushisa malunga ne-275 ° C, kunye nokushisa kwenkonzo eqhubekayo ngaphezu kwe-200 ° C, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiintambo ezichasene nomlilo kunye nezixhobo zokushisa eziphezulu.
IiPropati eziBalaseleyo zeAramid Fiber
Ifayibha ye-Aramid inikezela ngamandla aphezulu, imodulus ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kweasidi kunye nealkali, ubunzima obuphantsi, ukugquma, ukuguga, umjikelezo wobomi obude, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, akukho mathontsi anyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lokutsha, kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi engeyiyo inetyhefu. Ukususela kumbono wesicelo sekhebula, i-para-aramid idlula i-meta-aramid kwi-thermal resistance, kunye nomgangatho wokushisa oqhubekayo wenkonzo -196 ukuya kwi-204 ° C kwaye akukho ukubola okanye ukunyibilika kwi-500 ° C. Iipropathi eziphawuleka kakhulu zePara-aramid zibandakanya amandla aphezulu aphezulu, imodyuli ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Amandla ayo adlula ama-25 g/dtex—ama-5 ukuya ku-6 entsimbi yodidi oluphezulu, ngokuphindwe kayi-3 ukomelela kwefiberglass, yaye ngokuphindwe kabini kunomsonto wokomelela wenayiloni woshishino wenayiloni. I-modulus yayo ngamaxesha angama-2-3 yintsimbi okanye i-fiberglass kunye namaxesha angama-10 e-nylon ephezulu. Iqinile ngokuphindwe kabini kunocingo lwentsimbi kwaye inobunzima obumalunga ne-1/5 kuphela, iyenza ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa njengokuqiniswa kweentambo zokukhanya, iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zentambo zokuphela konyaka.
IiPropati zoomatshini zeAramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid yipolymer eguquguqukayo enamandla ophukayo aphezulu kune-polyester eqhelekileyo, umqhaphu, okanye inayiloni. Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wobude, ukuvakala kwesandla esithambileyo, ukujikeleza okulungileyo, kwaye inokuveliswa ibe yimicu emifutshane okanye i-filaments ye-denier eyahlukeneyo. Inokuphonswa ibe ngamalaphu kunye nee-nonwovens kusetyenziswa oomatshini bempahla abalukiweyo abasemgangathweni kwaye isetyenzwe ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zesinxibo esikhuselayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwi-insulation yombane, iipropathi ze-meta-aramid ze-flame-retardant kunye nokumelana nobushushu zivelele. Nge-LOI enkulu kune-28, ayiyi kuqhubeka ivutha emva kokushiya ilangatye. Ukuxhathisa kwayo idangatye kungaphakathi kwisakhiwo sayo sekhemikhali, okwenza ukuba i-flame-retardant ngokusisigxina-ixhathise ilahleko yokusebenza ngenxa yokuhlamba okanye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. I-Meta-aramid inozinzo olubalaseleyo lwe-thermal, kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-205 ° C kunye nokugcinwa okuqinileyo kwamandla nakumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-205 ° C. Ubushushu bayo bokubola buphezulu, kwaye ayinyibiliki okanye ithontsize kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iqala ukubola ngaphezulu kwe 370°C. Ezi zakhiwo zenza ukuba zilungele ukugquma kunye nokuqiniswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye iintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo.
Ukuzinza kweMichiza yeAramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid inokumelana okugqwesileyo kuninzi lweekhemikhali kunye ne-acids inorganic acid, nangona inomdla kwi-sulfuric kunye ne-nitric acids. Kananjalo inokumelana ne-alkali elungileyo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.
Ukunyangwa kweRadiation yeAramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid ibonisa ukuxhathisa okukhethekileyo kwimitha. Umzekelo, phantsi kokuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-1.2×10⁻² W/cm² ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye ne-1.72×10⁸ imitha ye-rad gamma, amandla ayo ahlala engatshintshi. Oku kuxhathisa ngemitha kubalaseleyo kuyenza ifaneleke ngokukodwa iintambo ezisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamandla enyukliya nakwiziphekepheke.
Ukuqina kweFayibha yeAramid
I-Meta-aramid ikwabonisa i-abrasion egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. Emva kokuhlanjwa kwe-100, ilaphu elenziwe nge-meta-aramid eveliswe ekhaya ligcina ngaphezulu kwe-85% yamandla alo okuqala okukrazula. Kwizicelo zekhebula, oku kuqina kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide lomatshini kunye nombane.
Ukusetyenziswa kweAramid Fiber
Ifayibha ye-Aramid isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace yaseTshayina, izithuthi, i-electromechanical, ulwakhiwo, kunye nemizi-mveliso yezemidlalo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali. Ithathwa njengesixhobo esiphambili kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwamashishini asebenza kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, i-aramid idlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kwiinkalo zonxibelelwano lweentambo ze-optical cable, iintambo zombane, iintambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iintambo ezikwi-submarine, kunye neentambo ezizodwa.
I-Aerospace kunye neMilitary Fields
Ifayibha yeAramid ibonakalisa ukuxinana okuphantsi, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo ezakhiwo zezithuthi ze-aerospace, ezinje nge-rocket motor casings kunye ne-broadband radome structures. Izixhobo zayo ezidibeneyo zibonisa ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kunye nokubonakala kwe-electromagnetic wave, ukunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima benqwelomoya kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Kwicandelo lezokhuselo, i-aramid isetyenziswa kwii-bulletproof vests, izigcina-ntloko, kunye nezikhongozeli ezikwaziyo ukuqhushumba, nto leyo eyenza ibe sisixhobo esikhokelayo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sokhuselo lomkhosi olulula.
Imimandla yoKwakha neyoThutho
Kwishishini lokwakha, ifayibha ye-aramid isetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zeentambo zebhulorho ngenxa yobunzima bayo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Isebenza ngokukodwa ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwizothutho, i-aramid isetyenziswa kwiintambo zeentambo zamatayara kwiimoto kunye neenqwelomoya. Amatayara aqiniswe yi-Aramid anika amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqobhoza, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, ehlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezithuthi zanamhlanje ezinesantya esiphezulu kunye neenqwelomoya.
Ishishini loMbane, loMbane, kunye neleCable
I-Aramid fiber inezicelo ezibalaseleyo kumbane, i-elektroniki, kunye nocingo kunye necandelo lokwenziwa kwentambo, ngakumbi kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
Amalungu e-Tensile kwiiCables ze-Optical: Ngamandla aphezulu kunye ne-modulus, i-fiber ye-aramid isebenza njengelungu le-tensile kwiintambo ze-optical zonxibelelwano, zikhusela iifiber ezibonakalayo ezithambileyo kwi-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komqondiso ozinzile.
Ukomelezwa kwiiCables: Kwiintambo ezikhethekileyo, iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, iintambo zombane, kunye neentambo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, i-aramid isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengento yokuqinisa ephakathi okanye umaleko wesikrweqe. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuqiniswa kwesinyithi, i-aramid inika amandla aphezulu kubunzima obuphantsi, iphucula kakhulu amandla okuqina kwekhebula kunye nokuzinza komatshini.
I-Insulation kunye ne-Flame Retardancy: I-Aramid composite zinedielectric egqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumaleko wokugquma iintambo, iibhatyi ezinqanda amadangatye, kunye ne-halogen-free-free-msi ephantsi yomsi. Iphepha le-Aramid, emva kokuba lifakwe kwi-varnish e-insulating, idibaniswe ne-mica yendalo ukuze isetyenziswe kwii-motor-high-resistant-resistant motors kunye ne-transformers.
IiCables ezinganyangekiyo kuMlilo kunye neziThutha zikaloliwe: Ifayibha ye-Aramid yokuxhathisa idangatye kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu kuyenza ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwiintambo zebhodi yeenqanawa, iintambo zikaloliwe ezihamba ngololiwe, kunye neentambo zenyukliya ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, apho imigangatho yokhuseleko ingqongqo.
I-EMC kunye ne-Lightweighting: Ukukhanya kwe-electromagnetic okugqwesileyo kwe-Aramid kunye ne-dielectric ephantsi engaguqukiyo iyenza ilungele i-EMI yokukhusela iileya, i-radar radomes, kunye namacandelo okudibanisa i-optoelectronic, inceda ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima benkqubo.
Ezinye ii-aplikeshini
Ngenxa yesiqulatho sayo esinevumba elimnandi, ifayibha ye-aramid inika uzinzo olugqwesileyo lweekhemikhali kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, iyenza ilungele iintambo zaselwandle, iintambo zokomba ioyile, kunye neentambo zokukhanya zokuhambisa ngaphezulu kwiindawo ezirhabaxa. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zemidlalo zeprimiyamu, izixhobo zokukhusela, kunye neepakethi zeemoto, kwaye iya isanda yamkelwa njengenye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwi-asbestos ekutywineni nasekufakeni izicelo, iiphaneli zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, kunye namanye amacandelo okutywina, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-31-2025