Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane ze-photovoltaic (PV), iintambo ze-photovoltaic (iintambo ze-PV)—njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezidibanisa iimodyuli ze-PV, ii-inverters, kunye neebhokisi zokudibanisa—zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko kunye nobomi benkonzo yesityalo samandla elanga. Xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zombane zesiqhelo, iintambo ze-photovoltaic zinezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo kakhulu kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto zekhebula.
1. Yintoni intambo ye-Photovoltaic?
Intambo ye-photovoltaic, ekwaziwa ngokuba yintambo yelanga okanye intambo ethile ye-PV, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla elanga, kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwe, kunye nokufakelwa kwe-PV eluphahleni. Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-PV1-F kunye ne-H1Z2Z2-K, ezihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-EN 50618 kunye ne-IEC 62930.
Ekubeni iintambo ze-PV zihlala zichatshazelwa yimeko-bume yangaphandle, kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, imitha enamandla ye-ultraviolet, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ukufuma, kunye nokuvezwa yi-ozone. Ngenxa yoko, iimfuno zazo zezinto zokukhusela kunye nezinto zokukhusela ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeentambo eziqhelekileyo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, ukumelana okuhle kokuguga kwe-UV, ukumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, ukuthintela ilangatye, ukuba nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye nobomi benkonzo obuyilelweyo beminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu.
2. Imingeni kwizixhobo zekhebula kwizicelo ze-Photovoltaic
Kwizinto ezenzekayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani, iintambo ze-photovoltaic zihlala zifakelwa ngaphandle. Umzekelo, kwimimandla yaseYurophu, ubushushu obuphakathi kweenkqubo ze-PV bunokufikelela kwi-100°C phantsi kweemeko zelanga. Kwangaxeshanye, iintambo zichatshazelwa yimitha ye-UV yexesha elide, ukuguquguquka kobushushu basemini nasebusuku, kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini.
Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, iintambo zePVC eziqhelekileyo okanye iintambo zerabha eziqhelekileyo azikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ixesha elide. Neentambo zerabha ezilinganiselwe ukusebenza kwama-90°C okanye iintambo zePVC ezilinganiselwe kuma-70°C zisengozini yokuguga kwe-insulation, ukuqhekeka kwesheath, kunye nokonakala kokusebenza ngokukhawuleza xa zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zangaphandle, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yenkqubo.
3. Ukusebenza Okungundoqo Kweentambo ze-Photovoltaic: Izixhobo Zokugquma Ezikhethekileyo Nezokugquma
Iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenza kweentambo ze-photovoltaic zifumaneka kakhulu kwiikhompawundi zazo ze-PV-specific insulation kunye neekhompawundi ze-sheathing. Inkqubo yezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje yi-radiation crosslinked polyolefin, edla ngokusekwe kwi-polyethylene ekumgangatho ophezulu (PE) okanye ezinye ii-polyolefins.
Ngokusebenzisa imitha ye-electron-beam, imixokelelwane yemolekyuli yezinto ezisetyenziswayo idibana, iguqula isakhiwo ukusuka kwi-thermoplastic ukuya kwi-thermoset. Le nkqubo iphucula kakhulu ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokwaluphala, kunye nokusebenza koomatshini. Izinto ze-polyolefin ezidityanisiweyo ngemitha zivumela iintambo ze-photovoltaic ukuba zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo kwi-90–120°C, ngelixa zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana ne-ozone, kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ezi zinto azina-halogen kwaye ziyahambelana nokusingqongileyo.
4. Uthelekiso lweZakhiwo kunye nezinto: Iintambo ze-Photovoltaic vs. Iintambo zesiqhelo
4.1 Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-Photovoltaic
Umqhubi: Umqhubi wobhedu ofakwe kwi-Annealed okanye umqhubi wobhedu ofakwe kwi-tin, odibanisa umbane ophezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala
Umaleko wokwambathisa: I-radiation crosslinked polyolefin insulation compound (izinto zokwambathisa intambo ye-PV ezithile)
Umaleko weSheath: I-radiation crosslinked polyolefin sheathing compound, ebonelela ngokhuseleko lwangaphandle lwexesha elide
4.2 Ulwakhiwo Oluqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo eziqhelekileyo
Umqhubi: Umqhubi wekopolo okanye umqhubi wekopolo ofakwe kwitini
Umaleko wokufaka ubushushu: I-PVC insulation compound okanyeI-XLPE (i-polyethylene edibeneyo)ikhompawundi yokwambathisa
Umaleko wesingxobo:I-PVCi-compound yokugquma
5. Umahluko osisiseko wokusebenza obangelwa kukukhethwa kwezinto
Ngokwembono yomqhubi, iintambo ze-photovoltaic kunye neentambo zesiqhelo ziyafana kakhulu. Umahluko osisiseko ukho ekukhetheni izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezixhobo zokubeka isigqubuthelo.
Iikhompawundi ze-PVC zokwambathisa kunye neekhompawundi ze-PVC sheathing ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo zesiqhelo zilungele kakhulu iindawo zangaphakathi okanye ezithambileyo, zinika ukumelana okulinganiselweyo nobushushu, ukuvezwa yi-UV, kunye nokwaluphala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iikhompawundi ze-polyolefin insulation kunye neekhompawundi ze-sheathing ezidityanisiweyo zemitha ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-photovoltaic zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza ngaphandle ixesha elide kwaye zinokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kombane kunye noomatshini phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zendalo.
Ngoko ke, nangona ukutshintsha iintambo zesiqhelo endaweni yeentambo ze-photovoltaic kunokunciphisa iindleko zokuqala, kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokugcinwa kwaye kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo iyonke yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic.
6. Isiphelo: Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kweenkqubo ze-PV
Iintambo ze-photovoltaic azizithathi indawo kwiintambo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ziimveliso zeentambo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-photovoltaic. Ukuthembeka kwazo ixesha elide kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni izixhobo zokukhusela iintambo ze-PV ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nezixhobo zokugquma, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zezinto ze-polyolefin ezidityanisiweyo ngemitha.
Kubayili beenkqubo ze-PV, abafaki, kunye nababoneleli bezixhobo zekhebula, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo umahluko phakathi kweentambo ze-photovoltaic kunye neentambo zesiqhelo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okuzinzileyo, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide kwezityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-31-2025