Kwiimveliso zentambo kunye neentambo, izakhiwo zokukhusela zahlulwe zibe ziingcamango ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ukukhusela nge-electromagnetic kunye nokukhusela intsimi yombane. Ukukhusela nge-electromagnetic kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuthintela iintambo zesignali ezisebenzisa i-high-frequency (ezifana neentambo ze-RF kunye neentambo ze-elektroniki) ekubeni zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwindawo engaphandle okanye ukuthintela amaza e-electromagnetic angaphandle ukuba angaphazamisani neentambo ezithumela imisinga ebuthathaka (ezifana neentambo zesignali kunye nokulinganisa), kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweentambo. Ukukhusela ngentsimi yombane, kwelinye icala, kwenzelwe ukulinganisela amasimi ombane aqinileyo kumphezulu we-conductor okanye kumphezulu we-insulation weentambo zamandla eziphakathi kunye neziphezulu.
1. Ulwakhiwo kunye neemfuno zeeLayers zokukhusela intsimi yombane
Ukhuselo lweentambo zamandla lwahlulwe lwaba lukhuselo lwe-conductor, ukhuselo lwe-insulation, kunye nokhuselo lwesinyithi. Ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, iintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiweyo engaphezulu kwe-0.6/1 kV kufuneka zibe nomaleko we-metal shielding, onokusetyenziswa kwii-cores ezifakwe i-insulation nganye okanye i-core iyonke yentambo. Kwiintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiweyo ubuncinane ye-3.6/6 kV kusetyenziswa i-XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, okanye iintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiweyo ubuncinane ye-3.6/6 kV kusetyenziswa i-thin EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (okanye i-thick insulation ene-voltage elinganisiweyo ubuncinane ye-6/10 kV), isakhiwo se-inside and outer shielding shielding naso siyafuneka.
(1) Ukukhusela kunye nokukhusela i-insulation kwi-conductor
Isikhuselo seConductor (Isikhuselo sangaphakathi esingenamthungo): Oku akufanele kube yinto yesinyithi, equka izinto ezikhuphayo ezingenanto okanye indibaniselwano yeteyipu ekhuphayo ejikeleze umqhubi ilandelwe zizinto ezikhuphayo ezingenanto.
Ukukhusela Ubushushu (Ukukhusela Kwangaphandle Okungacuthiyo): Oku kukhutshelwa ngqo kumphezulu wangaphandle wesiseko ngasinye esigqunyiweyo kwaye kunamathele ngokuqinileyo okanye kuxobuke kumaleko wokukhusela.
Iileya zangaphakathi nezangaphandle eziphumayo kufuneka zibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-insulation, kunye ne-interface egudileyo engenazimpawu ezibonakalayo zokunamathela kwe-conductor, imiphetho ebukhali, amasuntswana, ukutsha, okanye imikrwelo. Ukumelana ngaphambi nasemva kokwaluphala akufuneki kudlule kwi-1000 Ω·m kwileya yokukhusela i-conductor kwaye kungabi ngaphezu kwe-500 Ω·m kwileya yokukhusela i-insulation.
Izinto zokukhusela ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle ezenziwe ngokuxuba izinto zokukhusela ezihambelanayo (ezifana ne-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) kunye ne-ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)) kunye nezongezo ezifana ne-carbon black, ii-anti-aging agents, kunye ne-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Amasuntswana amnyama e-carbon kufuneka asasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-polymer, ngaphandle kokudibana okanye ukusasazeka okubi.
Ubukhulu beeleya zokukhusela ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle buyanda ngokwezinga le-voltage. Ekubeni amandla ombane kwieleya zokukhusela ephezulu ngaphakathi nangaphantsi ngaphandle, ubukhulu beeleya zokukhusela ezingaphakathi kufuneka bube bukhulu ngaphakathi kwaye bube buthathaka ngaphandle. Kwiintambo ezilinganiswe kwi-6~10~35 kV, ubukhulu beeleya zangaphakathi buhlala buqala kwi-0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Ukukhusela isinyithi
Iintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiweyo engaphezulu kwe-0.6/1 kV kufuneka zibe nomaleko wokukhusela wesinyithi. Umaleko wokukhusela wesinyithi kufuneka ugubungele umphandle wesiseko ngasinye esigqunyiweyo okanye isiseko sentambo. Ukukhusela isinyithi kunokwenziwa yiteyipu enye okanye ezingaphezulu zesinyithi, ii-braids zesinyithi, iileya ezixineneyo zeentambo zesinyithi, okanye indibaniselwano yeentambo zesinyithi kunye neeteyipu.
EYurophu nakumazwe aphuhlileyo, apho kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zesekethe ezimbini ezisekelwe kukumelana kunye nemisinga yesekethe emfutshane iphezulu, ukhuselo lwentambo yobhedu ludla ngokusetyenziswa. ETshayina, iinkqubo zombane zesekethe enye ezisekelwe kuxinzelelo lwe-arc zixhaphake kakhulu, ngoko ke ukhuselo lweteyipu yobhedu ludla ngokusetyenziswa. Abavelisi beentambo bacwangcisa iiteyipu zobhedu eziqinileyo ezithengiweyo ngokuzisika kunye nokuzithambisa ukuze zithambe ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe. Iiteyipu zobhedu ezithambileyo kufuneka zihambelane nomgangatho we-GB/T11091-2005 “weeteyipu zobhedu zeentambo”.
Ukukhusela iteyiphu yobhedu kufuneka ibe nomaleko omnye weteyiphu yobhedu ethambileyo egqunywe okanye iileya ezimbini zeteyiphu yobhedu ethambileyo egqunywe ngezithuba. Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokugqunywa kufuneka libe yi-15% yobubanzi beteyiphu, kunye nezinga elincinci lokugqunywa elingaphantsi kwe-5%. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo beteyiphu yobhedu kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.12 mm kwiintambo ezingundoqo omnye kwaye bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.10 mm kwiintambo ezingundoqo ezininzi. Ubukhulu obuncinci kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-90% yexabiso eliqhelekileyo.
Ukhuselo lwentambo yobhedu luquka iingcingo zobhedu ezithambileyo ezibotshelelweyo, kunye nomphezulu oqiniswe ngeingcingo zobhedu ezisongiweyo okanye iiteyipu. Ukumelana kwayo kufuneka kuhambelane nomgangatho we-GB/T3956-2008 “AbaQhubi beeNtambo”, kwaye indawo yayo eqhelekileyo yecandelo elinqamlezileyo kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamandla ombane wempazamo.
2. Imisebenzi yeeLayers zoKhuseleko kunye nobudlelwane bazo neeRatings zeVoltage
(1) Imisebenzi yoKhuseleko oluNgaphakathi nolwaNgaphandle oluSemi-Conductive
Ii-cable conductors zihlala zenziwe ngeentambo ezininzi ezixineneyo nezixineneyo. Ngexesha lokukhupha i-insulation, izithuba zasekuhlaleni, ii-burrs, okanye ukungahambelani komphezulu phakathi komphezulu we-conductor kunye nomaleko we-insulation kunokubangela uxinano lwentsimi yombane, okukhokelela ekukhutshweni okungaphelelanga kunye nokukhutshwa kwemithi, okonakalisa ukusebenza kombane. Ngokukhupha umaleko wezinto eziqhuba i-semi-conductive (i-conductor shielding) phakathi komphezulu we-conductor kunye nomaleko we-insulation, inokubopha ngokuqinileyo ne-insulation. Ekubeni umaleko we-semi-conductive unamandla afanayo nomqhubi, naziphi na izithuba phakathi kwazo aziyi kuba nemiphumo yentsimi yombane, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga.
Ngokufanayo, izikhewu phakathi komphezulu wokufakelwa kwangaphandle kunye neshelufu yesinyithi (okanye i-metal shielding) nazo zingakhokelela ekukhutshweni okungaphelelanga, ingakumbi kwiireyithingi eziphezulu ze-voltage. Ngokukhupha umaleko wezinto eziqhuba kancinci (i-insulation shielding) kumphezulu wokufakelwa kwangaphandle, yenza umphezulu ohambelana neshelufu yesinyithi, isusa iziphumo zentsimi yombane ngaphakathi kwezikhewu kwaye ithintele ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga.
(2) Imisebenzi yokukhusela isinyithi
Imisebenzi yokukhusela isinyithi ibandakanya: ukuqhuba imisinga yombane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukusebenza njengendlela yemisinga yombane yesekethe emfutshane (impazamo), ukuvala intsimi yombane ngaphakathi kwe-insulation (ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwindawo yangaphandle), kunye nokuqinisekisa imisinga yombane efanayo (imisinga yombane ye-radial). Kwiinkqubo zezintambo ezine ezinezigaba ezintathu, ikwasebenza njengomgca ongathathi cala, ithwala imisinga engalinganiyo, kwaye ibonelela ngokuthintela amanzi kwi-radial.
3. Malunga ne-OW Cable
Njengomthengisi ophambili wezinto eziluhlaza zentambo kunye neentambo, i-OW Cable ibonelela nge-polyethylene edibeneyo (XLPE) ekumgangatho ophezulu, iiteyiphu zobhedu, iintambo zobhedu, kunye nezinye izinto zokukhusela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iintambo zombane, iintambo zonxibelelwano, kunye neentambo ezikhethekileyo. Iimveliso zethu ziyahambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye sizimisele ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokukhusela iintambo ezithembekileyo kubathengi bethu.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-24-2025