Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zamandla, iintambo zombane ophezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukusuka kwiigridi zamandla angaphantsi komhlaba kwiidolophu ukuya kwiintambo zokuhambisa umgama omde kwiintaba kunye nemilambo, iintambo zombane ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo, okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga nzulu ubuchwephesha obuhlukeneyo obunxulumene neentambo zombane ophezulu, kubandakanywa nesakhiwo sabo, ukuhlelwa, inkqubo yokuvelisa, iimpawu zokusebenza, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa.
I-1.Isakhiwo esisisiseko seentambo eziphezulu ze-voltage
Iintambo zombane ophezulu kakhulu zenziwe ngee-conductor, iileya zokugquma, iileya ezikhuselayo kunye neeleya zokukhusela.
Umqhubi ngumjelo wothumelo lwangoku kwaye udla ngobhedu okanye i-aluminium. I-Copper ine-conductivity enhle kunye ne-ductility, ngelixa i-aluminium iphantsi kweendleko kunye nokukhanya kobunzima. Ezi conductors ngokuqhelekileyo zikwimo yeengcingo ezininzi ezijijekileyo zokwandisa ukuguquguquka.
Uluhlu lwe-insulation luyinxalenye ephambili ye-high-voltage cable, edlala indima ekukhuseleni ukuvuza kwangoku kunye nokuhlukanisa umqhubi kwihlabathi langaphandle. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma zibandakanya i-polyethylene edibeneyo (i-XLPE), iphepha leoli, njl.
Uluhlu olukhuselayo lwahlulwe lwaba lukhuselo lwangaphakathi kunye nokhuselo lwangaphandle. Isikhuselo sangaphakathi sisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-uniform yentsimi yombane kunye nokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwendawo ekonakaliseni i-insulation layer; Ikhaka langaphandle linokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic yangaphandle kwintambo, kwaye iphinde ithintele intambo ukuba ibe nempembelelo ye-electromagnetic kwihlabathi langaphandle.
Uluhlu olukhuselayo lukhusela kakhulu ikhebula emonakalweni yimiba yangaphandle njengomonakalo womatshini, ukubola kweekhemikhali kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Isikrweqe sesinyithi sinokunika amandla omatshini, kwaye i-sheath yangaphandle inemisebenzi yokungangeni kwamanzi kunye ne-anti-corrosion.
2. Ukuhlelwa kweentambo ze-high-voltage
Ngokomgangatho wamandla ombane, iintambo zombane ophezulu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintambo zamandla ombane aphakathi (ubukhulu becala yi-3-35kV), iintambo zombane ophezulu (35-110kV), iintambo zombane ophezulu kakhulu (110-500kV) kunye ne-ultra-high. -iintambo zombane (ngaphezu kwe-500kV). Iintambo zamanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo ziyahluka kuyilo lwesakhiwo, iimfuno zokugquma, njl.
Ukususela kumbono wezinto zokugquma, ngaphezu kweentambo ze-XLPE kunye neentambo ze-oyile-zephepha ezikhankanywe ngasentla, kukho i-ethylene-propylene rubber cables. Iintambo ze-oil-paper zinembali ende, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwazo kunye nezinye izizathu, ziye zatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngeentambo ze-XLPE. Intambo yerabha ye-ethylene propylene inokuguquguquka okuhle kunye nokumelana nemozulu, kwaye ifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
3. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwentambo ye-high-voltage
Ukwenziwa kwentambo ye-high-voltage yinkqubo enzima kunye neyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukwenziwa kwee-conductor kuqala kufuna ubhedu okanye i-aluminiyam izinto eziluhlaza ukuba zolulwe, zijijelwe kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye neempawu zomatshini zomqhubi. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuguqula, iintambo zeentambo kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo ukuze kuphuculwe i-conductivity yomqhubi.
I-extrusion ye-insulation layer yenye yamanyathelo abalulekileyo. Ngoluhlu lwe-XLPE lwe-insulation, i-XLPE ikhutshwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye ihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo kwi-conductor. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhutshwa, iiparamitha ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nesantya sokukhupha kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nobukhulu obufanayo bomgangatho we-insulation.
Umaleko okhuselayo udla ngokwenziwa ngocingo lwentsimbi okanye ukusonga ngeteyiphu yentsimbi. Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwezikhuselo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zihluke kancinane, kodwa zombini kufuneka ziqinisekise ukunyaniseka komgangatho wokukhusela kunye nokudibanisa okulungileyo kombane.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuveliswa koluhlu olukhuselayo lubandakanya ukubekwa kwezixhobo zetsimbi kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-sheath yangaphandle. Izixhobo zetsimbi kufuneka zihambelane ngokuqinileyo kwikhebula, kwaye i-extrusion ye-sheath yangaphandle kufuneka iqinisekise ukubonakala okugudileyo ngaphandle kweziphene ezifana namaqamza kunye nokuqhekeka.
4. Iimpawu zokusebenza kweentambo eziphezulu ze-voltage
Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kombane, iintambo zombane ophezulu kufuneka zibe nokuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-insulation, ilahleko ephantsi ye-dielectric kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kombane. Ukuchasana kwe-insulation ephezulu kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kwangoku, ilahleko ephantsi ye-dielectric inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ombane ngexesha lokuhambisa, kunye nokuchasana kwe-voltage elungileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ikhebula linokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo ephezulu yombane.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati zomatshini, ikhebula kufuneka libe namandla okwaneleyo, i-radius yokugoba kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo. Ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusebenza, ikhebula linokuthi lixhomekeke ekunwebeni, ukugoba kunye nempembelelo yamandla angaphandle. Ukuba iipropathi zomatshini azinelanga, kulula ukwenza umonakalo wekhebula.
Ukusebenza kwe-thermal kwakhona kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo. Ikhebula liya kuvelisa ukushisa ngexesha lokusebenza, ngakumbi xa isebenza phantsi komthwalo ophezulu. Ke ngoko, intambo kufuneka ibe nokuchasana nobushushu kwaye ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile lobushushu ngaphandle kweengxaki ezifana nokuguga kwe-insulation. Intambo ye-XLPE inokumelana nobushushu kwaye inokusebenza ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
5. Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweentambo zombane ophezulu
Ngokuphathelele ukufakela, into yokuqala ukuyenza kukucwangcisa indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba intambo yokubeka intambo inengqiqo kwaye ikhuselekile. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubeka, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha ukunweba ngokugqithiseleyo, ukugoba kunye nokukhutshwa kwentambo. Ngokubeka ikhebula lomgama omde, izixhobo ezinje ngeentambo zokuhambisa zidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukwakhiwa.
Ukuveliswa kwamalungu ekhebula likhonkco eliphambili kwinkqubo yokufakela. Umgangatho wokudibanisa uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwentambo. Xa usenza amajoyina, ikhebula kufuneka lihluthwe, licocwe, lidityaniswe kwaye lifakwe i-insulated. Isinyathelo ngasinye kufuneka siqhutywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zombane kunye nezomatshini zokudibanisa zihambelana neemfuno.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa ubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwexesha elide leentambo zombane ophezulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokubona ngokukhawuleza ukuba imbonakalo yekhebula yonakele okanye i-sheath yonakalisiwe. Ngexesha elifanayo, ezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya zingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-insulation kunye nokukhutshwa kwenxalenye yekhebula. Ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha.
6. Ukungaphumeleli kunye nokufumanisa iintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage
Ukungaphumeleli okuqhelekileyo kweentambo eziphezulu ze-voltage ziquka ukuchithwa kwe-insulation, ukuqhawula i-conductor, kunye nokusilela ngokubambisana. Ukonakaliswa kwe-insulation kunokubangelwa kukuguga kwe-insulation, ukukhutshwa kwenxalenye, okanye ukugqithisa kwangaphandle. Ukuqhawulwa kwe-conductor ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngamandla omatshini angaphandle okanye ukugqithiswa kwexesha elide. Ukungaphumeleli ngokudibeneyo kunokubangelwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokubambisana okanye ukufudumeza okukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ukubona ezi mpazamo, zininzi iindlela zokubona. Ukufunyaniswa kokukhupha inxalenye yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo. Ngokufumanisa umqondiso owenziwe ngokukhutshwa okuyingxenye kwikhebula, kunokumiselwa ukuba ngaba kukho iziphene ze-insulation ngaphakathi kwekhebula. Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-voltage lunokubona amandla ombane wokumelana nentambo kwaye ufumane iingxaki ezinokubakho zokugquma. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-infrared imaging thermal imaging inokubona ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa kumphezulu wentambo, ukuze ufumane ukuba intambo ineengxaki ezinjengokushisa kwendawo.
I-7.Isicelo kunye nophuhliso lwendlela yokuphuhlisa iintambo zombane ophezulu kwiinkqubo zamandla
Kwiinkqubo zamandla, iintambo ze-high-voltage zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinguqu yegridi yamandla asezidolophini, imigca ephumayo yezikhululo zamandla amakhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwentambo yangaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezinye iindawo. Kwiigridi zamandla asezidolophini, ngenxa yendawo encinci, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunokugcina indawo kunye nokuphucula ubuhle besixeko. Iintambo eziphumayo zezikhululo zamandla amakhulu zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweentambo zombane ophezulu ukuhambisa umbane kwizitishi ezikude. Ukuhanjiswa kwentambo yangaphantsi kwamanzi kunokuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwamandla awela ulwandle kwaye kubonelele ngobonelelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo kwiziqithi nakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yamandla, iintambo ze-high-voltage nazo zibonise ezinye iindlela zophuhliso. Olunye luphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweentambo zombane ezinamaqondo aphezulu ombane. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yokuhanjiswa kwamandla kumgama omde, uphuhliso lweentambo zombane we-ultra-high ziya kuba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo. Okwesibini bubulumko beentambo. Ngokudibanisa i-sensors kunye nezinye izixhobo kwikhebula, ukubeka iliso kwexesha langempela lesimo sokusebenza kwentambo kunye nesilumkiso sephutha kunokufezekiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwentambo. Okwesithathu kukuphuhliswa kweentambo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zisanda, uphando kunye nophuhliso longcoliseko oluphantsi, imathiriyeli yentambo enokuphinda isetyenziswe iya kuba lisikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2024