Kwiinkqubo zamahashe zanamhlanje, iikopi zevolthi ephezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukusuka kwigridi yamandla angaphantsi komhlaba kwizixeko ukuya kumgca wokuhambisa umgama omde kwiintaba nemilambo, imilambo ephezulu, imingxunya ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo, okuzinzileyo kunye nokukhuseleka kwamandla ombane. Eli nqaku liza kuphononongwa ngobunzulu beetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene neentambo ze-voltage ephezulu, kubandakanya isakhiwo sabo, ukwahlula-hlulwa, inkqubo yokwenziwa, iimpawu zendlela yokusebenza, ufakelo kunye nolondolozo.
Isakhiwo se-1.basic sentambo ye-voltage ephezulu
Iintambo eziphakamileyo ze-voltage iqokelelwe kakhulu ngabaqhubi, oonobumba abathengisayo, abazikhusela kuzo kunye namacala akhuselayo.
Umqhubi wesifundo lijelo loRhwebo lwangoku kwaye lihlala lenziwe ngobhedu okanye i-aluminium. Ubhedu lunengxaki yokusebenzela elungileyo, ngelixa iAluminiyam iphantsi kakhulu kwiindleko kunye nokukhanya kubunzima. Abaqhubi ngokubanzi bakwimo yeingcingo ezininzi ezijijekileyo ukonyusa ukuguquguquka.
Umaleko we-inshurensi yinxalenye ephambili yecable ye-voltage ephezulu, edlala indima ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kwangoku kwaye ukwahlula umqhubi ovela kwihlabathi langaphandle. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuthambisa zibandakanya i-polythylene edibeneyo (i-XLPE), iphepha leoyile, njl njl.
Umaleko okhuselekileyo wahlulahlulwe waba yindawo ekhuselekileyo engaphakathi nangaphandle. Ikhaka elingaphakathi lisetyenziselwa ukwenza iyunifomu yombane kwaye ithintele ukukhutshwa kwendawo ukuba yonakalise ungqingo lwe-inshuler; Ikhaka langaphandle linokunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic yangaphandle, kwaye inqande intambo ukuba ibe nefuthe elinempembelelo ye-elektromagnetic kwilizwe langaphandle.
Umphathi okhuselo ikakhulu ukhusela intambo ekonakaleni kwezinto zangaphandle ezinje ngomonakalo woomatshini, ukuntywila kwamachiza kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Idla ngokudityaniswa kwesixhobo sesinyithi kunye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Isixhobo sentsimbi sinokubonelela ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye i-sheath engaphandle inemisebenzi emanzi kunye nokuchasana.
I-2. Ukwahlulahlula kweentambo zevolthi ephezulu
Ngokwenqanaba le-voltage, ii-volting voltage eliphakathi linokwahlulwa kwii-nqublium zevolthi Iintambo zamanqanaba eevolthi ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kuyilo, iimfuno zokufakelwa, njl.
Ukusuka kwimbono yezixhobo zokuchotshela, ukongeza kwi-XLPE CANS kunye ne-I-Oilb ye-oyile ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, kukho iintambo zerabha-proplenene. Iicweli ze-oyile zephepha linembali ende, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko zawo zokulungisa eziphezulu kunye nezinye izizathu, ngokuthe ngcembe bathathelwa indawo yi-XPPE. Intambo yerabha ye-ithylene proplene inesingqala kwaye ukumelana kwemozulu, kwaye kufanelekile kwizihlandlo ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
I-3. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwentambo ye-voltage ephezulu
Ukwenziwa kwentambo ye-voltage ephezulu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo necwebekileyo.
Ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo wabaqhubi kuqala kufuna ukuba kwenziwe ubhedu okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo ze-aluminium ezoluliweyo, zijijeke kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ubuchwephesha bokuchaneka kunye noomatshini bomqhubi womqhubi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokujija, imitya yemitya kufuneka icwangciswe ngokusondeleyo ekuphuculeni ukuqhubela komqhubi.
Ukupheliswa komthendeleko welinye lamanyathelo aphambili. Kumlo we-XPE inshurensi, izinto ze-XPE zikhutshiwe kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye zisongelwe ngokulinganayo kumqhubi wesifundo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupheliswa, iiparamitha ezinje ngobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nesantya sokuphuma-ninzi kufuneka silawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho kunye nobungqingqwa bokufana komgangatho.
Umaleko okhuselayo uhlala wenziwa nge-wire yensimbi yokuluka okanye i-the pe yetayini yentsimbi. Iinkqubo zemveliso yezihlangu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zahlukile kancinci, kodwa zombini kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuthembeka kwengqibelelo kunye nonxibelelwano oluhle lombane.
Okokugqibela, ukuveliswa kommandla okhuselayo kubandakanya ukubekwa kwezixhobo zentsimbi kunye nokupheliswa kwesikhephe sangaphandle. Isixhobo sentsimbi kufuneka silingane ngokuqinileyo kwintambo, kwaye ukupheliswa kwecalucanga ngaphandle kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngenkangeleko egudileyo ngaphandle kwephenyane kunye neebhulukhwe.
I-4. Iimpawu zentsebenzo zeentambo ze-voltage ephezulu
Malunga nokusebenza kombane, iibhloko zevolvage ephezulu kufuneka ukuba i-insung yokufakelwa okuphezulu, ilahleko ye-diectric ephantsi kunye nokunganyangekala kwe-voltage. Ukunganyangeki okuphezulu kokukhuseleka kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza okukhoyo, ilahleko ephantsi ye-diectric inciphisa ilahleko yamandla ombane ngexesha lokuhambisa, kunye nokuxhathisa ngamandla ombane okuqinisekisa ukuba intambo isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ye-voltage.
Ngokweempawu zoomatshini, intambo kufuneka inamandla amanyeneyo, ukugoba i-radius kunye nokunganyayo kwempembelelo. Ngexesha lokufakwa nokusebenza, intambo inokufakwa ekolulweni, ukugoba kunye nefuthe langaphandle. Ukuba iipropathi zoomatshini azonelanga, kulula ukubangela umonakalo wentambo.
Umsebenzi we-thermal lukwabalulekile. Intambo iya kuvelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza, ngakumbi xa kubaleka phantsi komthwalo ophezulu. Ke ngoko, intambo kufuneka ixhathise ubushushu obuhle kwaye ikwazi ukusebenza ngokwesiqhelo kuluhlu oluthile lobushushu ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinje ngokugada ukufakwa. I-XLPE CLEB ichaze kakuhle kwaye ingasebenza ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
I-5. Ukufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa kweentambo zevolthi ephezulu
Malunga nokufakwa, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukucwangcisa indlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela yokubeka intambo isebenza kwaye ikhuselekile. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubeka, ukhathalelo kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuphepha ukolula okungaphezulu, ukugoba kunye nokuphuma kwentambo. Intambo yomgama omde ilele, izixhobo ezinje ngentambo zidluliselwa ukulungiselela ukunceda ukwakhiwa.
Ukuveliswa kwamalungu eentambo sisitshixo esiphambili kwinkqubo yokufaka. Umgangatho wokudityaniswa okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwentambo. Xa usenza amalungu, intambo kufuneka ihluthwe, icocwe, iqhagamshelwe kwaye inshurensi. Inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka liqhutywa ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana neemfuno zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iipropathi zombane kunye noomatshini bokudibana ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa kubalulekile kumsebenzi wexesha elide weentambo ze-voltage ephezulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokufumanisa ukuba i-intambo yona yonakala okanye i-sheath yonakalisiwe. Kwangelo xesha, ezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukufundwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwenxalenye yentambo. Ukuba zifunyenwe iingxaki, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha.
I-6. Ukungaphumeleli nokufunyanwa kweentambo zevolthi ephezulu
Ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kwee-carts eziphakamileyo ze-voltage kubandakanya ukohlukana, ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo, kunye nokusilela okudibeneyo. Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-insenter kunokubangelwa kukungcungcuthekiswa, ukukhutshwa okuyinxenye, okanye ukugqithisa kwangaphandle. Ukuqulunqwa kwequmrhu kudla ngoku kubangelwa yimisebenzi yangaphandle okanye ngaphezulu kwexesha elide. Ukusilela okudibeneyo kunokubangelwa yinkqubo yokuhamba ngempumelelo okanye ukufudumeza ngokuqatha ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ukwenzela ukufumana ezi mpazamo, zininzi iindlela zokuchonga. Ukuchongwa kwenxalenye yokuphuma yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo. Ngokufumanisa umqondiso oveliswe yinxalenye yokukhupha inxenye kwintambo, inokumiselwa ukuba ingaba kukho i-insumpages inesiphene ngaphakathi kwentambo. Uvavanyo lwe-voltand ye-voltage bufumanele ukumelana nobungakanani bentambo kwaye ufumane iingxaki zokufakwa ezinokubakho. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokucinga ye-irmal ye-thermal inokuthi ifumane ukusasazwa kobushushu kumphezulu wentambo, ukuze kufumaneke ukuba intambo ineengxaki ezinje ngengxaki yokwaleka.
7.Ukusebenzisa kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso lweentambo eziphezulu zevolthi kwiinkqubo zamandla
Kwiinkqubo zamandla, iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinguqu yamandla e-Urbandla amandla, imigca ephumayo yezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu, uShermarine Cable ye-subble kunye namanye amasimi. Kwiigridi zamandla ezidolophini, ngenxa yendawo encinci, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunokugcina indawo kunye nokuphucula ubuhle besiXeko. Imigca ephumayo yezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweekhabhathi zevolthi ephezulu ukuhambisa umbane kubantu abakude. Ukudluliselwa kwe-Subrine CabrimarMarmarity yosulelo lwamandla elwandle kwaye unikezele ngamandla ombane kwiziqithi nakwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni.
Ngokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yamandla, iintambo ze-voltage ephezulu ikwabonakalise ezinye iindlela zophuhliso. Olunye lophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweentambo ngamanqanaba e-voltage. Ngokwanda kwemfuno yosulelo lwamandla omde, ukuphuculwa kweentambo ze-Ultra-voltages kuya kuba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo. Okwesibini lubukrelekrele beentambo. Ngokudibanisa abenzi kunye nezinye izixhobo kwintambo, ukuhlolwa okwenyani kwenqanaba lokusebenza kwentambo kwaye isilumkiso sentambo sinokufezekiswa, ngaloo ndlela siphucule ukuthembeka kwentambo. Okwesithathu kukuphuhliswa kweentambo ezinobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokukhuselwa koKhuseleko lweNdalo, uphando kunye nophuhliso longcoliseko olusezantsi, izixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenziseke ziya kuba luphuhliso lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
I-Post Time: Sep-24 ukuya ku-2424