Kwiinkqubo zamandla zanamhlanje, iintambo ze-high-voltage zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukususela kwiigridi zamandla ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezidolophini ukuya kwimigca yokudlulisa umgama omde kwiintaba nemilambo, iintambo ze-high-voltage ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo, okuzinzileyo nokukhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola nzulu ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo obunxulumene neentambo ze-high-voltage, kubandakanya ulwakhiwo lwazo, ukuhlelwa kwazo, inkqubo yokuvelisa, iimpawu zokusebenza, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
1.Isakhiwo esisisiseko seentambo ze-high-voltage
Iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu zenziwe ikakhulu zii-conductors, iileya zokuthintela ubushushu, iileya zokukhusela kunye neeleya zokukhusela.
I-conductor yitshaneli yokudlulisela umbane kwaye idla ngokwenziwa nge-copper okanye i-aluminium. I-Copper ine-conductivity elungileyo kunye ne-ductility, ngelixa i-aluminium ixabisa kancinci kwaye inobunzima obuphantsi. Ezi conductor zihlala zikwimo yeengcingo ezijijekileyo ezinemicu emininzi ukuze kwandiswe ukuguquguquka.
Umaleko wokufaka ubushushu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yentambo ye-high-voltage, edlala indima ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kwamandla kunye nokwahlula umqhubi kwihlabathi langaphandle. Izinto zokufaka ubushushu eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), iphepha leoyile, njl. I-XLPE ineempawu zombane ezibalaseleyo, ukumelana nobushushu kunye namandla oomatshini, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zanamhlanje ze-high-voltage.
Umaleko wokukhusela wahlulwe waba sisikhuselo sangaphakathi nesikhuselo sangaphandle. Isikhuselo sangaphakathi sisetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimi yombane ifane kwaye sithintele ukukhupha kwamanzi kwindawo ethile ekonakaliseni umaleko wokukhusela; isikhuselo sangaphandle sinokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi yombane yangaphandle kwintambo, kwaye sithintele intambo ekubeni ibe nempembelelo yombane kwihlabathi langaphandle.
Umaleko okhuselayo ukhusela kakhulu intambo ekonakalisweni zizinto zangaphandle ezifana nomonakalo woomatshini, ukugqwala kweekhemikhali kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Ihlala yenziwe ngezixhobo zentsimbi kunye nesixhobo sangaphandle. Izixhobo zentsimbi zinokunika amandla oomatshini, kwaye isixhobo sangaphandle sinomsebenzi wokungangeni manzi kunye nowokulwa nokugqwala.
2. Ukwahlulwa kweentambo ze-high-voltage
Ngokwenqanaba le-voltage, iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintambo ze-voltage eziphakathi (ngokubanzi i-3-35kV), iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu (35-110kV), iintambo ze-voltage eziphezulu (110-500kV) kunye neentambo ze-voltage eziphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-500kV). Iintambo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-voltage zahlukile kuyilo lwesakhiwo, iimfuno zokufakelwa, njl.njl.
Ngokwembono yezinto zokwambathisa, ukongeza kwiintambo ze-XLPE kunye neentambo zephepha leoyile ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukwakho neentambo zerabha ze-ethylene-propylene. Iintambo zephepha leoyile zinembali ende, kodwa ngenxa yeendleko zazo eziphezulu zokulungisa kunye nezinye izizathu, ziye zatshintshwa kancinci kancinci ziintambo ze-XLPE. Intambo zerabha ye-ethylene propylene inokuguquguquka okuhle kunye nokumelana nemozulu, kwaye ifanelekile kwezinye iziganeko ezikhethekileyo.
3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa intambo ye-high-voltage
Ukwenziwa kweentambo ze-high-voltage yinkqubo enzima neyobuchule.
Ukwenziwa kwee-conductor kuqala kufuna ukuba izinto eziluhlaza ze-copper okanye ze-aluminium zolulwe, zijijeke kunye nezinye iinkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ze-conductor. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokujija, imicu yemicu kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductor.
Ukukhutshwa komaleko wokugquma yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Kwimaleko yokugquma ye-XLPE, izinto ze-XLPE zikhutshwa kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye zisongelwe ngokulinganayo kumqhubi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma, iiparameter ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nesantya sokugquma kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nobukhulu obufanayo komaleko wokugquma.
Umaleko wokukhusela udla ngokwenziwa ngokuluka ucingo lwesinyithi okanye ukusonga ngeteyipu yesinyithi. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa izikhuselo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zahlukile kancinci, kodwa zombini kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuthembeka komaleko wokukhusela kunye noqhagamshelo oluhle lombane.
Okokugqibela, ukuveliswa komaleko okhuselayo kuquka ukubeka isikhuselo sesinyithi kunye nokukhupha isigqubuthelo sangaphandle. Isikhuselo sesinyithi kufuneka silingane kakuhle kwintambo, kwaye ukuphuma kwesigqubuthelo sangaphandle kufuneka kuqinisekise ukubonakala okugudileyo ngaphandle kweziphene ezifana namaqamza kunye nemingxunya.
4. Iimpawu zokusebenza kweentambo ze-high-voltage
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kombane, iintambo ze-high-voltage kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuphezulu kobushushu, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric ephantsi kunye nokumelana okuhle kwe-voltage. Ukumelana okuphezulu kobushushu kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kwamandla ombane, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric ephantsi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ombane ngexesha lokudluliselwa, kwaye ukumelana okuhle kwe-voltage kuqinisekisa ukuba intambo inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo ene-high-voltage.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zoomatshini, intambo kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo okutsalwa, i-radius yokugoba kunye nokumelana nempembelelo. Ngexesha lokufakwa nokusebenza, intambo inokuba nengxaki yokutsalwa, ukugoba kunye nempembelelo yamandla angaphandle. Ukuba iimpawu zoomatshini azanelanga, kulula ukubangela umonakalo kwintambo.
Ukusebenza kobushushu nako kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo. Intambo iya kuvelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza, ingakumbi xa isebenza phantsi komthwalo omkhulu. Ke ngoko, intambo kufuneka ibe nokumelana okuhle nobushushu kwaye ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi komgangatho othile wobushushu ngaphandle kweengxaki ezifana nokuguga kwe-insulation. Intambo ye-XLPE inokumelana okuhle nobushushu kwaye ingasebenza ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
5. Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweentambo ze-high-voltage
Ngokuphathelele ukufakelwa, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukucwangcisa indlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela yokufaka intambo ifanelekile kwaye ikhuselekile. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo ukuze kuthintelwe ukolulwa kakhulu, ukugoba kunye nokukhupha intambo. Kwindlela yokufaka intambo ende, izixhobo ezifana nee-conveyors zentambo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekwakheni.
Ukuveliswa kwezihlanganisi zekhebula yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokufakela. Umgangatho wekhonkco uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwentambo. Xa kusenziwa izihlanganisi, intambo kufuneka ikhunyulwe, icocwe, idityaniswe kwaye igqunywe. Inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka lenziwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zombane nezoomatshini zekhonkco ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa ubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kweentambo ezinamandla aphezulu ixesha elide. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba intambo yonakele okanye ishelufu yonakele. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya zingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-insulation kunye nokukhutshwa kwentambo okuncinci. Ukuba kufunyenwe iingxaki, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha.
6. Ukusilela nokuchongwa kweentambo ezisebenzisa umbane ophezulu
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweentambo ze-high-voltage kubandakanya ukuqhekeka kwe-insulation, ukuqhawuka kwe-conductor, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwamalungu. Ukwaphuka kwe-insulation kunokubangelwa kukuguga kwe-insulation, ukukhutshwa okuncinci, okanye ukugqithisela kwamandla angaphandle. Ukuqhawuka kwe-conductor kudla ngokubangelwa ngamandla angaphandle oomatshini okanye ukuxinana kwexesha elide. Ukungaphumeleli kwamalungu kunokubangelwa yinkqubo embi yokwenziwa kwamalungu okanye ukufudumeza kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ukuze kufunyanwe ezi mpazamo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumanisa. Ukufumanisa ukukhupha okungaphelelanga yindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngokubona isignali eveliswa kukukhupha okungaphelelanga kwintambo, kunokufunyanwa ukuba kukho iziphene zokufaka ubushushu ngaphakathi kwintambo. Uvavanyo lwe-standing voltage lunokufumanisa amandla e-standing voltage yentambo kwaye lufumane iingxaki zokufaka ubushushu. Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-infrared thermal imaging inokufumanisa ukusasazwa kobushushu kumphezulu wentambo, ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba intambo ineengxaki ezifana nokushisa kakhulu kwindawo ethile.
7. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zeentambo ze-high-voltage kwiinkqubo zamandla
Kwiinkqubo zamandla, iintambo zombane ophezulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuguquleni igridi yamandla asezidolophini, imigca ephumayo yezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu, uthumelo lweentambo zasemanzini kunye nezinye iindawo. Kwiigridi zamandla zasezidolophini, ngenxa yendawo encinci, ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunokonga indawo kwaye kuphucule ubuhle besixeko. Imigca ephumayo yezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweentambo zombane ophezulu ukuhambisa umbane kwizikhululo ezikude. Uthumelo lweentambo zombane zasemanzini lunokwenza uthumelo lwamandla oluhamba elwandle kwaye lubonelele ngombane ozinzileyo kwiziqithi nakwiindawo ezikunxweme.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yamandla, iintambo ze-high-voltage nazo zibonakalise iindlela ezithile zophuhliso. Enye kuphando nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweentambo ezinezinga eliphezulu le-voltage. Ngokwanda kwemfuno yokudluliselwa kwamandla kumgama omde, uphuhliso lweentambo ze-ultra-high voltage luya kuba yinto ephambili. Eyesibini bubulumko beentambo. Ngokudibanisa izinzwa kunye nezinye izixhobo kwintambo, ukujonga imeko yokusebenza kwentambo ngexesha langempela kunye nesilumkiso sempazamo kunokufezekiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwentambo. Eyesithathu kukuphuhliswa kweentambo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zisanda, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezinto zentambo ezinongcoliseko oluphantsi, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ziya kuba yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-24-2024