Abstract: Umgaqo odibanisa umnqamlezo, ulwahlulo, ukuqulunqwa, inkqubo kunye nezixhobo ze-silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating material yocingo kunye nentambo zichazwe ngokufutshane, kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-silane ngokwendalo zidibene ne-polyethylene insulating material ekusetyenzisweni nasekusetyenzisweni ngokunjalo. izinto ezichaphazela imeko cross-linking wezinto eziphathekayo ziyaziswa.
Amagama angundoqo: Silane cross-linking; Ukudityaniswa kwendalo; Polyethylene; I-Insulation; Ucingo kunye nentambo
I-Silane cross-linked cross-linked polyethylene cable material ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lwentambo kunye nentambo njengesixhobo sokugquma kwiintambo zamandla eziphantsi-voltage. Izinto eziphathekayo ekwenziweni kocingo olunqamlezileyo kunye nentambo, kunye neperoxide cross-linking kunye nerradiation cross-linking xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokuvelisa ezifunekayo kulula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ixabiso eliphantsi elibanzi kunye nezinye iingenelo, iye yaba yinto ehamba phambili ephantsi. -i-voltage cross-linked cable kunye ne-insulation.
1.I-Silane i-cross-linked cable material cross-linking principle
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-silane cross-linked polyethylene: ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa. Kwinkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa, i-polymer ilahlekelwa yi-H-athom yayo kwi-athom yekhabhoni ephakamileyo phantsi kwesenzo se-initiator yamahhala kunye ne-pyrolysis kwii-radicals zamahhala, ezisabela kunye ne- - CH = CH2 iqela le-vinyl silane ukuvelisa i-polymer edibeneyo equlethe i-trioxysilyl ester. iqela. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa umnqamlezo, i-polymer yegrafti iqala i-hydrolysed phambi kwamanzi ukuvelisa i-silanol, kwaye i-OH idibanisa kunye neqela elikufutshane le-Si-OH ukwenza ibhondi ye-Si-O-Si, ngaloo ndlela idibanisa i-polymer. iimacromolecules.
I-2.I-Silane i-cross-linked cable material kunye nendlela yokuvelisa intambo
Njengoko usazi, kukho amanyathelo amabini kunye neendlela zokuvelisa i-silane cross-linked cables kunye neentambo zazo. Umahluko phakathi kwendlela yamanyathelo amabini kunye nendlela yenyathelo elinye ilele apho inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kwe-silane iqhutyelwa khona, inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kumenzi wezinto zentambo kwindlela yamanyathelo amabini, inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kwiplanti yokuvelisa intambo yombane. indlela enenyathelo elinye. I-silane enamanyathelo amabini e-cross-linked polyethylene insulating imathiriyeli enesabelo esikhulu semarike yenziwe ngezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-A kunye ne-B yemathiriyeli, kunye ne-A ibe yi-polyethylene ehlonyelwe nge-silane kunye ne-B imathiriyeli ibe yi-catalyst master batch. I-core insulating ke idityaniswe ngokunqamlezayo emanzini ashushu okanye umphunga.
Kukho olunye uhlobo lwe-silane enamanyathelo amabini adibeneyo e-polyethylene insulator, apho i-A impahla iveliswa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngokuzisa i-vinyl silane ngqo kwi-polyethylene ngexesha lokudibanisa ukufumana i-polyethylene kunye ne-silane branched chain.
Indlela enenyathelo elinye nayo ineendidi ezimbini, inkqubo yenyathelo elinye lemveli yintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ekrwada ngokwefomula kumlinganiselo wenkqubo yokulinganisa echanekileyo echanekileyo, ibe yi-extruder eyilwe ngokukodwa kwinyathelo elinye ukugqibezela ukugxunyekwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwemitha. i-cable insulation core, kule nkqubo, akukho granulation, akukho mfuneko yentatho-nxaxheba yesityalo se-cable, yifektri yentambo ukugqiba yedwa. Esi sixhobo sokuvelisa intambo ye-silane enenyathelo elinye kunye nolwakhiwo lobuchwephesha luthengwa kumazwe angaphandle kwaye luyabiza.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-silane enenyathelo elinye elidityaniswe ne-polyethylene imathiriyeli yokugquma iveliswa ngabavelisi bezinto zentambo, zonke izinto eziluhlaza ngokwefomula kumlinganiselo wendlela ekhethekileyo yokuxuba kunye, zipakishwe kwaye zithengiswe, akukho nto i-A kunye ne-B. impahla, isityalo intambo ingaba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-extruder ukugqibezela inyathelo ngaxeshanye ukuxhunyelelwa kunye ne-extrusion ye-cable insulation core. Isici esikhethekileyo sale ndlela kukuba akukho mfuneko ye-extruders ekhethekileyo ebiza kakhulu, njengoko inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kwe-silane ingagqitywa kwi-extruder ye-PVC eqhelekileyo, kwaye indlela yamanyathelo amabini iphelisa imfuneko yokuxuba izinto ze-A kunye ne-B ngaphambi kokuphuma.
3. Ukuqulunqwa koqulunqo
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-silane cross-linked polyethylene cable material ngokubanzi iqulethwe yi-base material resin, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, njl.
(1) Isiseko se-resin ngokuqhelekileyo i-polyethylene ephantsi yoxinaniso (LDPE) i-resin ene-melt index (MI) ye-2, kodwa kutshanje, ngophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-resin yokwenziwa kunye noxinzelelo lweendleko, i-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nayo iye yenziwa. isetyenziswe okanye isetyenziswe ngokuyinxenye njengesiseko se-resin yale nto. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-resin zihlala zinempembelelo enkulu kwi-grafting kunye ne-cross-link ngenxa yokungafani kwesakhiwo sazo sangaphakathi se-macromolecular, ngoko ke ukuqulunqwa kuya kuguqulwa ngokusebenzisa i-resin yesiseko ehlukeneyo okanye uhlobo olufanayo lwe-resin evela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo.
(2) Umqalisi osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi<em>disopropyl peroxide (DCP), undoqo kukuqonda ubungakanani bengxaki, kuncinane kakhulu ukubangela ukufakwa kwe<em>silane akwanelanga; kakhulu ukuba kubangele polyethylene cross-linking, leyo kunciphisa fluidity yayo, umphezulu extruded insulation core rough, kunzima ukucudisa inkqubo. Njengoko inani lomqalisi elongeziweyo lincinci kakhulu kwaye linovelwano, kubalulekile ukuba lisasazwe ngokulinganayo, ngoko lidityaniswe ngokubanzi kunye ne-silane.
(3) I-Silane isetyenziswa ngokubanzi i-vinyl unsaturated silane, kuquka i-vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) kunye ne-vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), ngenxa yesantya se-hydrolysis esheshayo ye-A2171, ngoko khetha i-A2171 abantu abaninzi. Ngokufanayo, kukho ingxaki yokongeza i-silane, abavelisi bezinto zekhebula ezikhoyo bazama ukufezekisa umda wabo ophantsi wokunciphisa iindleko, kuba i-silane ithunyelwa ngaphandle, ixabiso libiza kakhulu.
(4) I-Anti-oxidant kukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-polyethylene processing kunye ne-cable anti-aging kwaye yongezwa, i-anti-oxidant kwinkqubo yokuxutywa kwe-silane inendima yokuthintela ukusabela kokuxutywa, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuxutywa, ukongezwa kwe-anti-oxidant. ukuba ulumke, imali eyongeziweyo ukuqwalasela isixa seDCP ukutshatisa ukhetho. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa amanyathelo amabini, ininzi ye-antioxidant inokongezwa kwi-catalyst master batch, enokunciphisa impembelelo kwinkqubo yokuxutywa. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa inyathelo elinye, i-antioxidant ikhona kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuxutywa, ngoko ke ukukhethwa kweentlobo kunye nobungakanani kubaluleke kakhulu. I-antioxidants esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1010, i-168, i-330, njl.
(5) I-polymerization inhibitor yongezwa ukwenzela ukunqanda ukuxutywa kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa i-cross-linking of reactions yecala, kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ukongeza i-anti-cross-linking agent, inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kwe-C2C yokudibanisa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula. i-fluidity processing, ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-graft kwiimeko ezifanayo kuya kulandelwa yi-hydrolysis ye-silane kwi-polymerization inhibitor inokunciphisa i-hydrolysis ye-polyethylene edibeneyo, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwexesha elide lezinto ezixutywe.
(6) I-Catalysts idla ngokuba yi-organotin derivatives (ngaphandle kwe-crosslinking yendalo), eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), eyongezwa ngokubanzi ngendlela ye-masterbatch. Kwinkqubo yamanyathelo amabini, i-graft (i-A material) kunye ne-catalyst master batch (i-B material) ihlanganiswe ngokwahlukileyo kwaye izinto ze-A kunye ne-B zixutywe kunye ngaphambi kokuba zongezwe kwi-extruder ukukhusela kwangaphambili ukuphambana kwezinto ze-A. Kwimeko ye-silane-step-linked cross-linked polyethylene insulations, i-polyethylene kwi-package ayikabikho, ngoko akukho ngxaki yangaphambili yokudibanisa kwaye ngoko ke i-catalyst ayifuni ukupakishwa ngokwahlukileyo.
Ukongeza, kukho ii-silane ezidityanisiweyo ezifumanekayo kwimarike, eziyindibaniselwano ye-silane, i-initiator, i-antioxidant, ezinye izinto zokuthambisa kunye ne-anti-copper agents, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinyathelo elinye leendlela zokudibanisa i-silane kwizityalo zentambo.
Ngoko ke, ukuqulunqwa kwe-silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation, ukubunjwa kwayo akuthathwa njengento enzima kakhulu kwaye ifumaneka kulwazi olufanelekileyo, kodwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso efanelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kwezinye izilungiso ukwenzela ukuba kugqitywe, nto leyo ifuna ngokupheleleyo. ukuqonda indima yamacandelo ekuqulunqweni kunye nomthetho wempembelelo yabo ekusebenzeni kunye nefuthe labo elifanayo.
Kwiindidi ezininzi zezixhobo zentambo, i-silane cross-linked cable material (nokuba ngamanyathelo amabini okanye inyathelo elinye) ithathwa njengeyona ndlela yodwa yeenkqubo zeekhemikhali ezenzeka kwi-extrusion, ezinye iindidi ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) izinto zentambo kunye i-polyethylene (PE) intambo yezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo ye-extrusion ye-granulation yinkqubo yokuxuba umzimba, nokuba i-chemical cross-linking kunye ne-irradiation cross-linking cable material, nokuba yinkqubo ye-extrusion granulation, okanye i-extrusion system Ikhebula, akukho nkqubo yemichiza eyenzekayo. , ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa, ukuveliswa kwe-silane yezinto eziphathekayo ze-cable kunye ne-cable insulation extrusion, ukulawulwa kwenkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu.
4. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-silane ene-cross-linked polyethylene insulation
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-silane yamanyathelo amabini e-cross-linked polyethylene Insulation A impahla inokubonakaliswa ngokufutshane nguMfanekiso 1.
Umzobo 1 Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-silane enamanyathelo amabini aqhagamshelwe kwi-polyethylene insulating imathiriyeli A
Amanye amanqaku aphambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-silane enamanyathelo amabini aqhagamshelwe kwi-polyethylene:
(1) Ukomisa. Njengoko i-polyethylene resin iqulethe inani elincinci lamanzi, xa ikhutshwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, amanzi aphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye namaqela e-silyl ukuvelisa i-cross-linking, okunciphisa i-fluidity of melt kwaye ivelise i-pre-cross-linking. Izinto ezigqityiweyo nazo ziqulethe amanzi emva kokupholisa kwamanzi, okunokubangela ukuba i-pre-crosslinking ikhutshwe, kwaye kufuneka yomiswe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokomisa, iyunithi yokumisa enzulu isetyenzisiweyo.
(2) Ukulinganisa iimitha. Njengoko ukuchaneka kokuqulunqwa kwezinto kubalulekile, isikali sokulinganisa ilahleko esingeniswe ngaphandle sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-polyethylene resin kunye ne-antioxidant ilinganiswa kwaye yondliwe nge-port ye-extruder, ngelixa i-silane kunye ne-initiator ifakwe kwimpompo yezinto zolwelo kwi-barrel yesibini okanye yesithathu ye-extruder.
(3) Ukufakelwa kwe-Extrusion. Inkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-silane igqityiwe kwi-extruder. Izicwangciso zenkqubo ye-extruder, kuquka ubushushu, indibaniselwano yesikrufu, isantya sokujija kunye nesantya sokutya, kufuneka silandele umgaqo wokuba izinto ezikwicandelo lokuqala le-extruder zinokunyibilikiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zixutywe ngokufanayo, xa ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha kweperoxide akufunwa. , kunye nokuba izinto ezifanayo ngokupheleleyo kwicandelo lesibini le-extruder kufuneka lihlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa igqitywe, Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lecandelo le-extruder (LDPE) liboniswa kwiThebhile 1.
Itheyibhile yoku-1 Amaqondo obushushu eendawo ezinamanyathelo amabini e-extruder
| Indawo yokusebenza | Indawo yoku-1 | Indawo yesi-2 | Ummandla wesi-3 ① | Indawo yesi-4 | Ummandla wesi-5 |
| Iqondo lobushushu P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Indawo yokusebenza | Ummandla wesi-6 | Ummandla wesi-7 | Ummandla wesi-8 | Zone 9 | Umlomo uyafa |
| Iqondo lobushushu °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① kulapho i-silane yongezwa khona.
Isantya se-screw extruder sinquma ixesha lokuhlala kunye nefuthe lokuxuba izinto kwi-extruder, ukuba ixesha lokuhlala lifutshane, ukuchithwa kweperoxide akuphelelanga; ukuba ixesha lokuhlala lide kakhulu, i-viscosity ye-extruded material iyanda. Ngokubanzi, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlala le-granule kwi-extruder kufuneka ilawulwe kumqalisi wokubola kwesiqingatha sobomi be-5-10 amaxesha. Isantya sokutya asinayo kuphela impembelelo ethile kwixesha lokuhlala kwezinto, kodwa kunye nokuxuba kunye nokucheba izinto eziphathekayo, khetha isantya esifanelekileyo sokutya sibaluleke kakhulu.
(4) Ukupakishwa. Isixhobo sokugquma se-silane esinamanyathelo amabini kufuneka sipakishwe kwiingxowa ezihlanganisiweyo ze-aluminium-plastiki emoyeni ngqo ukuphelisa ukufuma.
5. Inyathelo elinye-inyathelo silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto
Inyathelo elinye-inyathelo silane cross-linked polyethylene ukugquma imathiriyeli ngenxa yenkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kwi-extrusion yefektri yentambo ye-cable insulation core, ngoko ke ubushushu be-cable insulation extrusion buphezulu kakhulu kunendlela yamanyathelo amabini. Nangona inyathelo elinye inyathelo silane cross-edityaniswe polyethylene ukugqunyelelwa ifomula iye yaqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza initiator kunye silane kunye nokucheba impahla, kodwa inkqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ubushushu, nto leyo inyathelo elinye silane cross-linked polyethylene. Iplanti yokuvelisa i-insulation igxininise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubaluleka kokhetho oluchanekileyo lobushushu be-extrusion, iqondo lokushisa elicetyiswayo ngokubanzi liboniswa kwiThebhile 2.
Itheyibhile 2 Inyathelo elinye lobushushu be-extruder yendawo nganye ( iyunithi: ℃ )
| Zowuni | Indawo yoku-1 | Indawo yesi-2 | Ummandla wesi-3 | Indawo yesi-4 | I-Flange | Intloko |
| Ubushushu | 160 | 190 | 200-210 | 220-230 | 230 | 230 |
Le yenye yobuthathaka inkqubo enye-step silane cross-linked polyethylene, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo ayifunwa xa extruding iintambo ngamanyathelo amabini.
6.Izixhobo zokuvelisa
Isixhobo sokuvelisa sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo solawulo lwenkqubo. Ukuveliswa kweentambo ze-silane ezinqamlezileyo zifuna umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokulawula inkqubo, ngoko ke ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Imveliso ye-silane enamanyathelo amabini adityaniswe ne-polyethylene yokugquma izixhobo A izixhobo zokuvelisa izinto, okwangoku ngaphezulu kwe-isotropic yasekhaya ehambelana ne-twin-screw extruder enesisindo esingenasisindo esingeniswe ngaphandle, ezo zixhobo zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka kolawulo lwenkqubo, ukukhetha ubude kunye nobubanzi i-twin-screw extruder ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokuhlala kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukhetho oluthathwa ngaphandle kobunzima bobunzima bokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwezithako. Ngokuqinisekileyo zininzi iinkcukacha zezixhobo ezifuna ukunikwa ingqalelo epheleleyo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, inyathelo elinye-inyathelo silane cross-linked izixhobo zokuvelisa intambo kwiplanti intambo zingeniswa, ezibizayo, abenzi izixhobo zasekhaya abanazo izixhobo zokuvelisa efanayo, isizathu ukungabikho kwentsebenziswano phakathi abavelisi izixhobo kunye ifomula kunye nabaphandi inkqubo.
7.I-Silane yendalo edibeneyo yokudibanisa i-polyethylene imathiriyeli
I-Silane yendalo edibeneyo ye-polyethylene insulating material ephuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje inokudityaniswa phantsi kweemeko zendalo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kokuntywiliselwa kwamanzi ashushu okanye umphunga. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko ye-silane cross-linking, le nto inokunciphisa inkqubo yokuvelisa abavelisi beentambo, ukunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zemveliso kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-Silane ngokwendalo i-cross-linked polyethylene insulation iya iqatshelwa kwaye isetyenziswa ngabavelisi beentambo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-silane yasekhaya ye-silane yendalo edibeneyo ye-polyethylene edibeneyo ikhulile kwaye iye yaveliswa ngobuninzi, kunye neenzuzo ezithile kwixabiso xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
7. 1 Iingcamango zokuqulunqa i-silane ngokwendalo i-cross-linked polyethylene insulations
I-Silane yendalo ye-polyethylene edibeneyo ye-cross-linked insulation iveliswa kwinkqubo yamanyathelo amabini, kunye nokuqulunqwa okufanayo okubandakanya i-base resin, i-initiator, i-silane, i-antioxidant, i-polymerisation inhibitor kunye ne-catalyst. Ukwenziwa kwezithinteli zendalo ze-silane ezinqamlezileyo ze-polyethylene zisekelwe ekwandiseni izinga lokuxhunyelelwa kwe-silane ye-A kunye nokukhetha i-catalyst esebenzayo kune-silane yamanzi afudumeleyo adibanisa i-polyethylene insulators. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-A ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuxhunyelelwa kwe-silane zidityaniswe ne-catalyst esebenzayo ngakumbi kuya kwenza i-silane cross-linked polyethylene insulator ukuba idibanise ngokukhawuleza nakwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nokufuma okunganeleyo.
I-A-materials ye-silane ethunyelwa ngaphandle ngokwemvelo i-cross-linked polyethylene insulators idityaniswe yi-copolymerization, apho umxholo we-silane unokulawulwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngelixa ukuveliswa kwe-A-materials kunye namazinga aphezulu okudibanisa ngokufakela i-silane kunzima. I-resin yesiseko, i-initiator kunye ne-silane esetyenziswe kwi-recipe kufuneka ihluke kwaye ilungiswe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa.
Ukukhethwa kokuxhathisa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwedosi yayo nayo ibalulekile, njengoko ukunyuka kwesantya sokuxhunyelelwa kwe-silane ngokuqinisekileyo kukhokelela kwiimpendulo ezininzi ze-CC ezinqamlezayo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusetyenzwa kwe-fluidity kunye nemeko yomgangatho we-A ye-cable extrusion elandelayo, isixa esifanelekileyo se-polymerization inhibitor siyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ngokufanelekileyo i-CC crosslinking kunye nangaphambili.
Ukongezelela, ii-catalysts zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyuseni izinga lokuxhamla kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe njenge-catalysts esebenzayo equkethe izinto eziguqukayo ezingenazinsimbi.
7. 2 Ixesha lokudityaniswa kwe-silane ngokwendalo i-crosslinked polyethylene insulations
Ixesha elifunekayo ukugqiba ukudibanisa kwe-silane yendalo edibeneyo ye-polyethylene edibeneyo kwimo yayo yendalo ixhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa, ukufuma kunye nobukhulu be-insulation layer. Ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma, ukuncipha kobunzima bomgangatho we-insulation, ixesha elifutshane elifunekayo le-crosslinking, kwaye lide elichaseneyo. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma zinokwahluka ngokwemimandla ngokwengingqi namaxesha onyaka, nakwindawo enye kwangaxeshanye, iqondo lobushushu nokufuma namhlanje nangomso kuya kwahluka. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezinto, umsebenzisi kufuneka amisele ixesha lokudibanisa umnqamlezo ngokwendawo kunye nobushushu obukhoyo kunye nomswakama, kunye nokucaciswa kwekhebula kunye nobukhulu bomaleko we-insulation.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-13-2022