Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwentambo kunye nentambo luquka umqhubi, ubushushu, isikhuselo, isigqubuthelo kunye nezinye iindawo.
1. Umqhubi
Umsebenzi: I-Conductor yinxalenye yentambo kunye nentambo edlulisela amandla ombane (magnetic), ulwazi kwaye ifezekisa imisebenzi ethile yokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane.
Izinto: Kukho ikakhulu ii-conductors ezingagqunywanga, ezifana ne-copper, i-aluminium, i-copper alloy, i-aluminium alloy; ii-conductors ezigqunywe ngesinyithi, ezifana ne-tin copper, i-silver-plated copper, i-nickel-plated copper; ii-conductors ezigqunywe ngesinyithi, ezifana ne-copper-clad steel, i-copper-clad aluminium, i-aluminium clad steel, njl.
2. Ukuvala ubushushu
Umsebenzi: Umaleko wokukhusela ujikelezwe ngumqhubi okanye umaleko owongezelelweyo womqhubi (ofana neteyipu ye-mica enganyangekiyo), kwaye umsebenzi wawo kukwahlula umqhubi ekuthwaleni i-voltage ehambelanayo nokuthintela ukuvuza komsinga.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-extruded insulation yi-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), i-polyolefin engenamsi ophantsi (LSZH/HFFR), i-fluoroplastics, i-thermoplastic elasticity (TPE), i-silicone rubber (SR), i-ethylene propylene rubber (EPM/EPDM), njl.
3. Ukukhusela
Umsebenzi: Umaleko wokukhusela osetyenziswa kwiimveliso zentambo kunye neentambo uneengcamango ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
Okokuqala, ulwakhiwo lweengcingo kunye neengcingo ezithumela amaza e-electromagnetic ahamba rhoqo (njenge-radio frequency, ii-electronic cables) okanye i-weak currents (njengee-signal cables) zibizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic shielding. Injongo kukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwamaza e-electromagnetic angaphandle, okanye ukuthintela imiqondiso ye-high-frequency kwi-cable ukuba ingaphazamisani nehlabathi langaphandle, kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwee-wire pairs.
Okwesibini, ulwakhiwo lweentambo zamandla ezisemgangathweni ophakathi nophezulu ukuze kulinganiswe intsimi yombane kumphezulu we-conductor okanye kumphezulu wokukhusela lubizwa ngokuba yi-electrical field shielding. Ngokuthe ngqo, i-electrical field shielding ayifuni umsebenzi "wokukhusela", kodwa idlala indima yokwenza intsimi yombane ibe yi-homogenizing. I-shield ejikeleza intambo idla ngokuba phantsi komhlaba.
* Ulwakhiwo lokukhusela nge-electromagnetic kunye nezinto
2 Ukhuselo olulukiweyo: kusetyenziswa kakhulu ucingo lobhedu olungenanto, ucingo lobhedu olufakwe kwitini, ucingo lobhedu olufakwe kwisilivere, ucingo lwe-aluminium-magnesium alloy, iteyiphu yobhedu olusicaba, iteyiphu yobhedu olufakwe kwisilivere, njl.njl. oluza kuluka ngaphandle kwesiseko esigqunyiweyo, isibini sentambo okanye isiseko sentambo;
② Ukukhusela iteyiphu yobhedu: sebenzisa iteyiphu yobhedu ethambileyo ukugquma okanye ukusonga ngokuthe nkqo ngaphandle kwesiseko sentambo;
③ Ukukhusela iteyiphu yentsimbi edityanisiweyo: sebenzisa iteyiphu ye-aluminiyam ye-Mylar okanye iteyiphu ye-copper ye-Mylar ukuze uyisonge okanye uyisonge ngokuthe nkqo intambo okanye i-cable core;
④ Ukukhusela okubanzi: Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela. Umzekelo, songa (1-4) iingcingo zobhedu ezibhityileyo ngokuthe nkqo emva kokuzisonga nge-aluminium foil Mylar tape. Iingcingo zobhedu zinokunyusa isiphumo sokuqhuba kwesikhuselo;
⑤ Ukhuselo olwahlukileyo + ukhuselo olupheleleyo: isibini ngasinye seengcingo okanye iqela leengcingo likhuselwe nge-aluminium foil. I-Mylar tape okanye ucingo lobhedu olulukiweyo ngokwahlukeneyo, emva koko kongezwa isakhiwo sokhuselo olupheleleyo emva kokufakwa kweentambo;
⑥ Isikhuselo sokusonga: Sebenzisa ucingo olubhityileyo lobhedu, iteyiphu ethe tyaba yobhedu, njl.njl. ukusonga umbindi wocingo olugqunyiweyo, isibini socingo okanye umbindi wentambo.
* Ulwakhiwo lokukhusela intsimi yombane kunye nezinto
Isikhuselo esingenamthungo: Kwiintambo zamandla ze-6kV nangaphezulu, umaleko obhityileyo wesikhuselo esingenamthungo uncamathiselwe kumphezulu wesikhuselo kunye nomphezulu wesikhuselo. Umaleko wesikhuselo sesikhuselo sesikhuselo sisixhobo esingenamthungo esikhutshweyo. Isikhuselo sesikhuselo sesikhuselo esine-cross-section ye-500mm² nangaphezulu ngokubanzi senziwe ngeteyipu yesisikhokelo esingenamthungo kunye nomaleko wesisikhokelo esingenamthungo esikhutshweyo. Umaleko wesikhuselo sesikhuselo sisisakhiwo esingenamthungo;
Ukusonga ucingo lwekopolo: Ucingo lwekopolo olungqukuva lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekusongeni ngakwicala elinye, kwaye umaleko ongaphandle ubotshelelwa ngasemva uze ubotshelelwe ngeteyipu yobhedu okanye ucingo lwekopolo. Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo ludla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintambo ezine-current enkulu ye-short-circuit, njengeentambo ezithile ezinkulu ze-35kV. Intambo yamandla engundoqo enye;
Ukusonga ngeteyiphu yobhedu: ukusonga ngeteyiphu yobhedu ethambileyo;
④ I-aluminium sheath ene-corrugated: Isebenzisa i-hot extrusion okanye i-aluminium tape yokusonga, ukuwelda, ukuqhobosha, njl. Olu hlobo lokukhusela lukwanokuthintela amanzi kakuhle, kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zamandla ezine-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-voltage.
4. Isingxobo
Umsebenzi wesigqubuthelo kukukhusela intambo, kwaye undoqo kukukhusela ubushushu. Ngenxa yemeko-bume yokusetyenziswa etshintsha rhoqo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, iintlobo, iifom zesakhiwo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwesakhiwo sesigqubuthelo nazo zahlukile, ezinokushwankathelwa kwiindidi ezintathu:
Enye kukukhusela iimeko zemozulu zangaphandle, amandla oomatshini ngamanye amaxesha, kunye nomaleko okhuselayo oqhelekileyo ofuna ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo lokutywina (njengokuthintela ukungena komphunga wamanzi kunye neegesi eziyingozi); Ukuba kukho amandla amakhulu angaphandle oomatshini okanye ubunzima bentambo, kufuneka kubekho isakhiwo somaleko okhuselayo somaleko wesixhobo sentsimbi; esesithathu sisakhiwo somaleko okhuselayo esineemfuno ezikhethekileyo.
Ngoko ke, ulwakhiwo lweshelufu yengcingo kunye nentambo ngokubanzi lwahlulwe lwaba ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: ishelufu (isilingi) kunye neshelufu yangaphandle. Ulwakhiwo lweshelufu yangaphakathi lulula, ngelixa ishelufu yangaphandle iquka umaleko wentsimbi kunye nomgangatho wayo wangaphakathi (ukuthintela umaleko we-armor ukuba ungonakalisi umaleko weshelufu yangaphakathi), kunye neshelufu yangaphandle ekhusela umaleko we-armor, njl. Ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokuthintelwa komlilo, ukumelana nomlilo, ukulwa nezinambuzane (izinambuzane), ukulwa nezilwanyana (ukuluma kweempuku, ukukhonkotha kweentaka), njl., uninzi lwazo lusonjululwa ngokongeza iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kwishelufu yangaphandle; ezimbalwa kufuneka zongeze izinto ezifunekayo kwisakhiwo seshelufu sangaphandle.
Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi:
I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), i-polyolefin engenamsi ophantsi ethintela ilangatye engenamsi (LSZH/HFFR), i-thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-30-2022