Kwixesha lobuchwepheshe besathelayithi obuphucukileyo ngakumbi, inyani edla ngokunganakwa kukuba ngaphezulu kwe-99% yethrafikhi yedatha yamazwe ngamazwe ayidluliselwa ngesithuba, kodwa ngeentambo ze-fiber-optic ezigqunywe nzulu elwandle. Olu thungelwano lweentambo zasemanzini, olugubungela izigidi zeekhilomitha zizonke, lusisiseko sokwenyani sedijithali esixhasa i-intanethi yehlabathi, urhwebo lwezemali, kunye nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Emva koku kukho inkxaso ebalaseleyo yetekhnoloji yezixhobo zekhebula ezisebenzayo.
1. Ukusuka kwiTelegraph ukuya kwiTerabits: Uphuhliso Olumangalisayo lweeNqanaba zeNqanawa
Imbali yeentambo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi yimbali yamabhongo oluntu okudibanisa ihlabathi, kunye nembali yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwizixhobo zeentambo.
Ngo-1850, intambo yokuqala ye-telegraph engaphantsi kwamanzi yafakwa ngempumelelo edibanisa iDover, e-UK, kunye neCalais, eFransi. Isiseko sayo yayiyintambo yobhedu, igqunywe ngerabha yendalo i-gutta-percha, nto leyo eyayiphawula inyathelo lokuqala ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto zekhebula.
Ngo-1956, intambo yokuqala yefowuni enqumla iAtlantic (TAT-1) yasetyenziswa, nto leyo eyafezekisa unxibelelwano lwelizwi phakathi kwamazwekazi kwaye yaphakamisa iimfuno eziphezulu zezinto zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezinto zokubopha.
Ngowe-1988, intambo yokuqala ye-transatlantic fiber-optic (TAT-8) yaziswa, yaphawula ukunyuka kwamandla onxibelelwano kunye nesantya, yaza yavula isahluko sesizukulwana esitsha seekhompawundi zentambo kunye nezinto ezithintela amanzi.
Namhlanje, kukho iintambo ze-fiber-optic ezingaphezu kwama-400 ezisetyenziswa emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba ezenza inethiwekhi enzulu edibanisa onke amazwekazi. Lonke inqanaba lobuchwepheshe alizange lahlukaniswe notshintsho olukhulu kwizinto zekhebula kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo, ngakumbi impumelelo kwizinto zepolymer kunye neekhompawundi zekhebula ezikhethekileyo.
2. Ummangaliso woBunjineli: Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zeCable eziPhambili zeeCables zaseLwandle oluNzulu
Intambo ye-optical yanamhlanje enzulu yolwandle ayilula kangako ukuba yintambo; yinkqubo edibeneyo enamaleko amaninzi eyenzelwe ukumelana neemeko ezinzima. Ukuthembeka kwayo okugqwesileyo kuvela kukhuseleko oluchanekileyo olunikezelwa yilaphu ngalinye lezinto ezikhethekileyo zentambo.
I-Optical Fiber Core: Uthumelo lwesignali ye-optical olupheleleyo oluhamba ne-optical core; ubumsulwa bayo bumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo kunye nomthamo walo.
Isingxobo Esivaliweyo kunye Nomqobo Wamanzi: Ngaphandle kombindi kukho iileya ezininzi ezichanekileyo zokukhusela.Iteyiphu Yokuvimba Amanzi, Intambo Yokuvimba Amanzi, kunye nezinye izinto ezithintela amanzi zenza umqobo ongqongqo, oqinisekisa ukuba nokuba intambo yolwandle olungaphantsi komhlaba yonakele phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lolwandle olunzulu, ukungena kwamanzi okude kuyathintelwa, nto leyo eyahlula indawo yempazamo kwindawo encinci kakhulu. Le yiteknoloji ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ubomi bentambo.
Ukufakwa kwe-insulation kunye ne-Sheath: Yenziwe ngee-insulation compounds ezikhethekileyo kunye nee-sheathing compounds ezifana ne-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Ezi kheyibhile zibonelela nge-insulation yombane egqwesileyo (ukuthintela ukuvuza kombane we-high-voltage osetyenziselwa ukondla amandla akude kwi-remote power kwi-repeaters), amandla oomatshini, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okusebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwi-corrosion yeekhemikhali zamanzi olwandle kunye noxinzelelo lolwandle olunzulu. I-HDPE sheathing compound sisixhobo se-polymer esimele ukusetyenziswa kwezi zicelo.
Umaleko Wesikrweqe Esinamandla: Wenziwe ngeengcingo zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, nto leyo enika amandla oomatshini afunekayo kwintambo yenqanawa engaphantsi kwamanzi ukuze imelane noxinzelelo olukhulu lolwandle olunzulu, impembelelo yamandla olwandle, kunye nokungqubana kolwandle.
Njengomthengisi oqeqeshiweyo wezixhobo zekhebula ezisebenza kakuhle, siyiqonda nzulu indlela ebaluleke ngayo into yokukhetha umaleko ngamnye wezixhobo zekhebula. I-Water Blocking Tape, i-Mica Tape, ii-insulation compounds, kunye nee-sheathing compounds esizibonelelayo zenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwale "artery yedijithali" kubomi bayo boyilo obuyiminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu.
3. Impembelelo Engabonakaliyo: Ilitye Lesiseko Lehlabathi Ledijithali kunye Neenkxalabo
Iintambo ze-fiber-optic ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle zitshintshe ngokupheleleyo ihlabathi, zivumela unxibelelwano lwehlabathi olukhawulezileyo kwaye zikhuthaza uqoqosho lwedijithali. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lazo lobuchule lizisa nemingeni malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, nto leyo ebangela iimfuno ezintsha zobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokulandeleka kwezinto zekhebula.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina: Njengeziseko ezibalulekileyo, ukhuseleko lwabo olubonakalayo lufumana ingqwalasela enkulu, luxhomekeke kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye nesakhiwo.
Uxanduva lweNdalo: Ukususela ekubekweni nasekusetyenzisweni ukuya ekubuyiselweni kokugqibela, lonke ixesha lobomi kufuneka linciphise impembelelo kwinkqubo yendalo yaselwandle. Ukuphuhlisa iikhompawundi zekhebula ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto zepolymer ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kuye kwaba yimvumelwano kushishino.
4. Isiphelo: Ukuqhagamshela ikamva, izixhobo zikhokela indlela
Iintambo zenqanawa zasemanzini ziyimpumelelo ebalaseleyo yobunjineli babantu. Emva kwale mpumelelo kukho ubuchule obuqhubekayo bobuchwepheshe kwizinto zokwakha. Ngokukhula okukhulu kwethrafikhi yedatha yehlabathi, iimfuno zomthamo ophezulu wothumelo, ukuthembeka, kunye nobomi bentambo ezivela kwiintambo zasemanzini ziyanda, nto leyo ekhomba ngokuthe ngqo kwisidingo sesizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zentambo ezisebenzayo kakhulu.
Sizimisele ukusebenzisana namaqabane okuvelisa iintambo ukuphanda, ukuphuhlisa, nokuvelisa izixhobo zentambo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezisebenza kakuhle (kuquka iikhompawundi eziphambili zentambo ezifana neWater Blocking Tape, iikhompawundi zokuthintela ubushushu, kunye neekhompawundi zesheathing), sisebenzisana ukukhusela ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwentambo yedijithali yehlabathi, kunye negalelo kwikamva elidibeneyo nelizinzileyo. Kwintsimi esisiseko yezinto zentambo, siqhubeka nokuqhuba inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-23-2025