Ngexesha lobuchwephesha besathelayithi obuhambele phambili, into esoloko ingahoywa yeyokuba ngaphezulu kwe-99% yedatha yedatha yamazwe ngamazwe ayisasazwa ngesithuba, kodwa ngeentambo zefiber-optic ezingcwatywe nzulu kumhlaba wolwandle. Olu thungelwano lweentambo zangaphantsi kolwandle, ezithatha izigidi zeekhilomitha zizonke, yeyona nto isisiseko yedijithali exhasa i-intanethi yehlabathi, urhwebo lwezemali, kunye nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Emva koku kukho inkxaso ekhethekileyo yeteknoloji ye-cable material material.
1.Ukusuka kwiTelegraph ukuya kwiTerabits: I-Epic Evolution yeeCables zaseNkwini
Imbali yeentambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi yimbali yomnqweno womntu wokudibanisa ihlabathi, kunye nembali yokutsha kwizinto zentambo.
Ngomnyaka we-1850, intambo yocingo yokuqala yangaphantsi kwamanzi yabekwa ngempumelelo idibanisa iDover, UK, kunye neCalais, eFransi. Ingundoqo yayo yayiyintambo yobhedu, ifakwe kwi-rubber yemvelo ye-gutta-percha, ephawula isinyathelo sokuqala sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zentambo.
Ngo-1956, intambo yomnxeba yokuqala ye-transatlantic yokuqala (TAT-1) yafakwa kwinkonzo, ukuphumeza unxibelelwano lwezwi phakathi kwelizwekazi kunye nokunyusa iimfuno eziphezulu zemathiriyeli yokugquma kunye nezixhobo zokugubungela.
Kwi-1988, i-cable yokuqala ye-transatlantic fiber-optic (TAT-8) yaziswa, iphawula ukuxhuma kwikhono lokunxibelelana kunye nesantya, kunye nokuvula isahluko kwisizukulwana esitsha se-cable compounds kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela amanzi.
Namhlanje, zingaphezu kwama-400 iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi zefiber-optic ezenza uthungelwano olunzulu oludibanisa onke amazwekazi. Yonke imitsi yetekhnoloji ayinakwahlulwa kutshintsho lwenguqu kwimathiriyeli yentambo kunye noyilo lolwakhiwo, ngakumbi impumelelo kwimathiriyeli yepolymer kunye neekhompawundi zentambo ezikhethekileyo.
2. Ummangaliso wobuNjineli: Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo kunye neMathiriyeli yeCable ePhambili yeeNdawo zeeNdwendwe ze-Deep-Sea
Intambo yanamhlanje ye-deep-sea optical ikude "nocingo" olulula; yinkqubo edityanisiweyo enamaleko amaninzi eyilelwe ukumelana neemeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo. Ukuthembeka kwayo okungaqhelekanga kubangelwa ukhuseleko oluchanekileyo olunikezelwa ngumaleko ngamnye wezinto ezikhethekileyo zekhebula.
I-Optical Fiber Core: Isiseko esipheleleyo esithwala ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ye-optical; ukucoceka kwayo kumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomthamo.
I-Sheath etywiniweyo kunye nesithintelo saManzi: Ngaphandle kondoqo kukho iileya ezininzi ezichanekileyo zokhuseleko.Tape yokuthintela amanzi, Umsonto wokuthintela amanzi, kunye nezinye izinto zokuthintela amanzi zenza umqobo ongqongqo, oqinisekisa ukuba nangona ikhebula le-submarine lonakaliswe phantsi koxinzelelo olunzulu lolwandle, ukungena kwamanzi okude kuthintelwe, ukwahlula indawo yempazamo kwindawo encinci kakhulu. Le yitekhnoloji yezinto eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ubomi bentambo.
I-Insulation kunye ne-Sheath: Ifakwe kwiikhompawundi ezikhethekileyo zokugquma kunye ne-sheathing compounds ezifana ne-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Ezi zixhobo zentambo zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kombane (ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-voltage yangoku esetyenziselwa ukondla amandla okude ukuphindaphinda), amandla omatshini, kunye nokumelana nokubola, esebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokukhusela kwi-corrosion yeekhemikhali zamanzi olwandle kunye noxinzelelo olunzulu lolwandle. Ikhompawundi ye-HDPE ye-sheathing yinto emele i-polymer kwizicelo ezinjalo.
I-Strength Armor Layer: Yenziwe ngeengcingo zentsimbi ezomeleleyo, inika amandla omatshini ayimfuneko kwintambo yangaphantsi kolwandle ukuze imelane noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lolwandle, impembelelo yangoku yolwandle, kunye nokungqubana kolwandle.
Njengomthengisi oqeqeshiweyo wezinto ezisebenza kakhulu zentambo, sikuqonda nzulu ukubaluleka kokukhetha umaleko ngamnye wezinto zentambo. I-Water Blocking Tape, i-Mica Tape, i-insulation compounds, kunye ne-sheathing compounds esizinikezelayo zilungiselelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwalo "mthambo wedijithali" kubomi bawo boyilo lweminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu.
3. Impembelelo engabonakaliyo: Ilitye lembombo leDijithali yehlabathi kunye neeNgxaki
Iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi zefiber-optic ziye zatshintsha ngokupheleleyo ihlabathi, zivumela uqhagamshelo lwehlabathi olukhawulezayo kunye nokukhuthaza uqoqosho lwedijithali. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso labo lobuchule lizisa imingeni malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, ibeka iimfuno ezintsha zokusebenzelana kokusingqongileyo kunye nokulandeleka kwezinto zentambo.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokuZinzisa: Njengeziseko ezingundoqo, ukhuseleko lwabo lomzimba lufumana ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo, luxhomekeke kwizinto ezomeleleyo kunye nesakhiwo.
Uxanduva lokusiNgqongileyo: Ukusuka ekubekeni nasekusebenzeni ukuya ekubuyiselweni kokugqibela, umjikelo wobomi uphela kufuneka ucuthe impembelelo kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle. Ukuphuhlisa iikhompawundi zentambo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nemathiriyeli yepolymer enokuphinda isetyenziswe ibe yimvumelwano yoshishino.
4. Isiphelo: Ukuqhagamshela iKamva, iZixhobo eziKhokela iNdlela
Iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi ziyimpumelelo ebalaseleyo yobunjineli bomntu. Emva kwale mpumelelo kulele ukuvela ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji kwimathiriyeli. Ngokukhula okugqabhukileyo kwetrafikhi yedatha yehlabathi, iimfuno zomthamo ophezulu wothumelo, ukuthembeka, kunye nexesha lokuphila kwekhebula ukusuka kwiintambo zangaphantsi kolwandle ziyanda, zikhomba ngokuthe ngqo imfuno yesizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zentambo ezisebenza kakhulu.
Sizibophelele ekusebenzisaneni namaqabane okwenziwa kwentambo ukwenza uphando, ukuphuhlisa, kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezinobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwentambo (kubandakanywa iikhompawundi zentambo ezingundoqo ezifana neTeyiphu yokuThintela yaManzi, iikhompawundi zokugquma, kunye neekhompawundi ze-sheathing), sisebenza kunye ukukhusela ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lomgca wokuphila wedijithali wehlabathi, kunye negalelo kwikamva eliqhagamshelwe ngakumbi nelizinzileyo. Kwintsimi esisiseko yezinto zekhebula, siqhuba ngokuqhubekayo inkqubela yezobuchwepheshe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-23-2025