Amacandelo esakhiwo socingo kunye neemveliso zentambo zinokuhlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziinxalenye ezine eziphambili:abaqhubi, i-insulation layers, ukhuselo kunye neengqimba ezikhuselayo, kunye namacandelo okuzalisa kunye nezinto ezithintekayo. Ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa kunye neemeko zesicelo, ezinye izakhiwo zemveliso zilula kakhulu, zinee-conductors kuphela njengecandelo lesakhiwo, njengeengcingo eziphezulu ezingenanto, iingcingo zenethiwekhi zoqhagamshelwano, iibhasi ze-aluminiyam yobhedu (iibhasi), njl njl. iimveliso zixhomekeke kwii-insulators ngexesha lofakelo kunye nomgama wendawo (oko kukuthi, ukugquma umoya) ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
1. Abaqhubi
Ii-conductor zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwaye ziyimfuneko ekuhanjisweni kombane wangoku okanye ulwazi lwamaza ombane ngaphakathi kwemveliso. Ii-conductor, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-conductive wire cores, zenziwe nge-high-conductivity non-ferrous metals ezifana ne-copper, aluminium, njl.
2. Iinsulation Layers
Ezi zixhobo zigubungela abaqhubi, zibonelela ngokufakela umbane. Baqinisekisa ukuba amaza akhoyo okanye i-electromagnetic/optical wave ahamba kuphela ecaleni komqhubi hayi ngaphandle. Iinsulation layers zigcina amandla (okt, i-voltage) kwi-conductor ekuphembeleleni izinto ezijikelezileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa zombini umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuhambisa we-conductor kunye nokhuseleko lwangaphandle lwezinto kunye nabantu.
Iiconductors kunye ne-insulation layers zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko kwiimveliso zentambo (ngaphandle kweengcingo ezingenanto).
Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusebenza, ucingo kunye neemveliso zentambo kufuneka zibe namacandelo anika ukhuseleko, ngokukodwa kwi-insulation layer. La malungu aziwa ngokuba ziileya ezikhuselayo.
Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zokugquma kufuneka zibeneempawu ezibalaseleyo zokugquma umbane, zifuna ubunyulu obuphezulu obunobumdaka obuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zihlala zingenakukwazi ukubonelela ngaxeshanye ukhuseleko kwizinto zangaphandle (oko kukuthi, amandla omatshini ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukuchasana neemeko ze-atmospheric, iikhemikhali, i-oyile, izoyikiso zezinto eziphilayo, kunye neengozi zomlilo). Ezi mfuno ziphathwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo akhuselayo.
Kwiintambo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iimeko ezingqongileyo ezifanelekileyo zangaphandle (umzekelo, ezicocekileyo, ezomileyo, izithuba zangaphakathi ezingenamandla omatshini angaphandle), okanye kwiimeko apho umaleko we-insulation ngokwawo ubonisa amandla athile omatshini kunye nokumelana nemozulu, akunakubakho mfuneko yomaleko okhuselayo. icandelo.
4. Ukukhusela
Licandelo leemveliso zentambo ezihlukanisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwentambo ukusuka kwimimandla yangaphandle ye-electromagnetic. Nokuba phakathi kwezibini ezahlukeneyo zocingo okanye amaqela ngaphakathi kweemveliso zentambo, ukwahlula omnye komnye kuyafuneka. Umaleko okhuselayo unokuchazwa njenge "screen soelectromagnetic isolation."
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ishishini liye lathatha i-shielding layer njengenxalenye yesakhiwo sokhuselo. Nangona kunjalo, kucetywayo ukuba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo njengecandelo elahlukileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umsebenzi womaleko okhuselayo ayikokuphela kokwahlula ngombane ulwazi olugqithiselwe ngaphakathi kwemveliso yentambo, ukuyithintela ukuba ingavuzi okanye ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwezixhobo zangaphandle okanye eminye imigca, kodwa nokuthintela amaza ombane angaphandle ukuba angene kwimveliso yentambo. ukudibanisa kwe-electromagnetic. Ezi mfuno zahlukile kwimisebenzi yomaleko yokhuselo lwemveli. Ukongezelela, i-shielding layer ayibekwanga nje ngaphandle kwimveliso kodwa ifakwe phakathi kwesibini ngasinye socingo okanye izibini ezininzi kwikhebula. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweenkqubo zothumelo lolwazi kusetyenziswa iingcingo kunye neentambo, kunye nenani elandayo lemithombo yokuphazamiseka kwamaza ombane kwiatmosfera, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo ezikhuselweyo ziye zaphindaphindeka. Ukuqonda ukuba umaleko okhuselayo yinxalenye esisiseko yeemveliso zentambo iye yamkelwa ngokubanzi.
Iimveliso ezininzi zeengcingo kunye neentambo zine-multi-core, ezifana neentambo zamandla eziphantsi kwe-voltage ezine-core okanye ezinhlanu-core cables (ezifanele iinkqubo zesigaba sesithathu), kunye neentambo zomnxeba zasezidolophini ukusuka kwi-800 pairs ukuya kwi-3600 pairs. Emva kokudibanisa ezi ntsimbi zigqunyiweyo okanye izibini zocingo zibe yintambo (okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngokwamaqela), iimilo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezikhewu ezinkulu zikhona phakathi kwee-cores ezigqunyiweyo okanye izibini zocingo. Ngoko ke, isakhiwo sokuzalisa kufuneka sifakwe ngexesha lokuhlanganisa ikhebula. Injongo yolu lwakhiwo kukugcina i-diameter yangaphandle elinganayo kwi-coiling, iququzelele ukusonga kunye ne-sheath extrusion. Ngaphezu koko, iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhebula kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukusabalalisa amandla ngokulinganayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa (ukwelula, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokugoba ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokubeka) ukukhusela umonakalo kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi sekhebula.
Ngoko ke, nangona isakhiwo sokuzalisa sincedisa, siyimfuneko. Kukho imigaqo eneenkcukacha malunga nokukhethwa kwezinto kunye noyilo lwesi sakhiwo.
Iingcingo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemveliso zentambo zixhomekeke kumaleko wesikrweqe somaleko okhuselayo ukuze umelane nemikhosi yangaphandle okanye uxinezeleko olubangelwa bubunzima bazo. Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo luquka isikrweqe seteyiphu yentsimbi kunye nesikrweqe socingo lwentsimbi (olufana nokusebenzisa iingcingo zentsimbi ezishinyeneyo eziyi-8mm, ezijijelwe kumaleko oxhotyisiweyo, kwiintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi). Nangona kunjalo, kwiintambo ze-fiber optical, ukukhusela i-fiber kwi-tensile force encinci, ukuphepha nayiphi na i-deformation encinci enokuthi ichaphazele ukuhanjiswa kokuhanjiswa, iingubo eziphambili kunye ne-secondary kunye namacandelo akhethekileyo adibeneyo afakwe kwi-cable structure. Ngokomzekelo, kwiintambo ze-headset zefowuni ephathwayo, ucingo olucolekileyo lobhedu okanye iteyiphu ebhityileyo yobhedu inxeba elijikeleze ifayibha eyenziweyo ikhutshelwa ngocweyo lwe-insulating, apho ifayibha yokwenziwa isebenza njengenxalenye ye-tensile. Ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ekuphuhlisweni kweemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezincinci kunye neziguquguqukayo ezifuna ukugoba okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokujija, izinto ezinobunzima zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2023