1. Intshayelelo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwentambo ze-fiber optic ixesha elide kunye nokuthintela amanzi kunye nokufuma ukuba kungangeni kwintambo okanye kwibhokisi yokudibanisa kwaye kungcolise isinyithi kunye nefayibha, okubangela umonakalo we-hydrogen, ukwaphuka kwefayibha kunye nokwehla okukhulu kokusebenza kobushushu bombane, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokufuma:
1) Ukuzalisa ingaphakathi lentambo ngegrisi yethixotropic, kuquka uhlobo oluthintela amanzi (olungena manzi), uhlobo lokudumba kwamanzi kunye nohlobo lokwanda kobushushu njalo njalo. Olu hlobo lwezinto zizinto ezinamafutha, ezizalisa kakhulu, zibiza kakhulu, kulula ukungcolisa okusingqongileyo, kunzima ukuzicoca (ingakumbi xa intambo idityaniswa nesinyibilikisi ukuze icoceke), kwaye ubunzima bentambo bunzima kakhulu.
2) Kwisigqubuthelo sangaphakathi nesangaphandle phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweringi yokuthintela amanzi enamathelayo eshushu, le ndlela ayisebenzi kakuhle, yinkqubo enzima, bambalwa abavelisi abanokuyifezekisa. 3) Ukusetyenziswa kokwandiswa okomileyo kwezinto zokuthintela amanzi (umgubo wokwandisa ofunxa amanzi, iteyiphu yokuvimba amanzi, njl.njl.). Le ndlela ifuna ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, iindleko eziphezulu, ubunzima bokuzilawula kwentambo nako bunzima kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isakhiwo "somqobo owomileyo" singeniswe kwintambo ye-optical, kwaye sisetyenziswe kakuhle kwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuzilawula okunzima kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa enzima ye-core enkulu yentambo ye-optical ineengenelo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Izinto zokuthintela amanzi ezisetyenziswa kule ntambo "yomqobo owomileyo" yintambo yokuthintela amanzi. Intambo yokuthintela amanzi inokufunxa amanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye idumbe ukuze yenze ijeli, ivale indawo yomjelo wamanzi wentambo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yokuthintela amanzi. Ukongeza, intambo yokuthintela amanzi ayinazo izinto ezinamafutha kwaye ixesha elifunekayo lokulungiselela i-splice linokuncipha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo see-wipes, izinyibilikisi kunye nezicoci. Ukuze sifumane inkqubo elula, ulwakhiwo olulula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela amanzi ezingabizi kakhulu, siphuhlise uhlobo olutsha lwentambo yokuthintela amanzi ethintela intambo yokukhanya ethintela amanzi.
2 Umgaqo wokuvimba amanzi kunye neempawu zentambo yokuvimba amanzi
Umsebenzi wokuthintela amanzi kwintambo yokuthintela amanzi kukusebenzisa umzimba oyintloko wentambo yokuthintela amanzi ukwenza umthamo omkhulu wejeli (ukufunxwa kwamanzi kunokufikelela kumaxesha amaninzi kumthamo wawo, njengoko kumzuzu wokuqala amanzi anokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka malunga ne-0.5mm ukuya malunga ne-5.0mm ububanzi), kwaye amandla okugcina amanzi kwijeli aqinile, anokuthintela ngempumelelo ukukhula komthi wamanzi, ngaloo ndlela ethintela amanzi ukuba aqhubeke nokungena nokusasazeka, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokumelana namanzi. Njengoko intambo ye-fiber optic kufuneka imelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokwenziwa, ukuvavanywa, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa nokusetyenziswa, intambo yokuthintela amanzi kufuneka ibe neempawu ezilandelayo eziza kusetyenziswa kwintambo ye-fiber optic:
1) Inkangeleko ecocekileyo, ubukhulu obufanayo kunye nokuthungwa okuthambileyo;
2) Amandla athile oomatshini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo xa kusenziwa intambo;
3) ukudumba ngokukhawuleza, uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali kunye namandla aphezulu okufunxa amanzi kunye nokwakheka kwejeli;
4) Uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, akukho zinto zibolayo, ziyamelana neebhaktheriya kunye neenkuni;
5) Uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, ukumelana nemozulu entle, ukuzivumelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula nokuvelisa emva koko kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa;
6) Ukuhambelana okuhle nezinye izinto zentambo ye-fiber optic.
3 Intambo engangeni manzi ekusetyenzisweni kwentambo yefayibha ye-optical
3.1 Ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezingangeni manzi kwiintambo zefayibha ye-optical
Abavelisi beentambo ze-fiber optic banokwamkela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zeentambo kwinkqubo yemveliso ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabasebenzisi ngokwemeko yabo yokwenyani kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi:
1) Ukuvala amanzi okude kweshedi yangaphandle ngeentambo ezivala amanzi
Kwizixhobo zokukhusela i-tape yentsimbi ebhityileyo, i-sheath yangaphandle kufuneka ingangeni manzi ixesha elide ukuthintela ukufuma kunye nokufuma ukuba kungangeni kwintambo okanye kwibhokisi yesixhumi. Ukuze kufezekiswe umqobo wamanzi omde we-sheath yangaphandle, kusetyenziswa imisonto emibini yokuthintela amanzi, enye ibekwe ngokuhambelana ne-core ye-cable ye-sheath yangaphakathi, kwaye enye ijikelezwe kwi-core yentambo kwindawo ethile (8 ukuya kwi-15 cm), igqunywe nge-tape yentsimbi ebhityileyo kunye ne-PE (polyethylene), ukuze intambo yokuthintela amanzi yahlule umsantsa phakathi kwe-core yentambo kunye ne-tape yentsimbi ibe yindawo encinci evaliweyo. Intambo yokuthintela amanzi iya kuvuvuka kwaye yenze i-gel ngexesha elifutshane, ithintele amanzi ukuba angangeni kwintambo kwaye ithintele amanzi kwiindawo ezimbalwa ezincinci kufutshane nendawo yokuphosa, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yomqobo wamanzi omde, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1: Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwentambo yokuvimba amanzi kwintambo ye-optical
2) Ukuvala amanzi okude kwentloko yentambo ngeentambo ezivala amanziIngasetyenziswa kwisiseko sentambo yeenxalenye ezimbini zentambo yokuvala amanzi, enye ikwisiseko sentambo yocingo lwentsimbi oluqinisiweyo, kusetyenziswa intambo ezimbini zokuvala amanzi, idla ngokuba yintambo yokuvala amanzi kunye nentambo yentsimbi eqinisiweyo ebekwe ngaxeshanye, enye intambo yokuvala amanzi ukuya kwipitshi enkulu ejikelezileyo ijikeleze ucingo, kukwakho nentambo ezimbini zokuvala amanzi kunye nentambo yentsimbi eqinisiweyo ebekwe ngaxeshanye, kusetyenziswa intambo yokuvala amanzi enamandla okwandisa ukuvala amanzi; eyesibini ikwindawo ekhululekileyo, ngaphambi kokucinezela isheya yangaphakathi, intambo yokuvala amanzi njengentambo yokubopha, intambo ezimbini zokuvala amanzi ukuya kwipitshi encinci (1 ~ 2cm) kwicala elichaseneyo, zenza ibhini encinci nencinci yokuvimba, ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi, eyenziwe ngesakhiwo "sentambo eyomileyo".
3.2 Ukukhethwa kweentambo ezingangeni manzi
Ukuze kufumaneke ukumelana kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini kwinkqubo yokuvelisa intambo ye-fiber optic, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezi zinto zilandelayo xa kukhethwa intambo yokulwa namanzi:
1) Ubukhulu bomsonto othintela amanzi
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukwandiswa kwentambo yokuvimba amanzi kunokugcwalisa umsantsa kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo lentambo, ukukhetha ubukhulu bentambo yokuvimba amanzi kubalulekile, ewe, oku kunxulumene nobukhulu besakhiwo sentambo kunye nesantya sokwandiswa kwentambo yokuvimba amanzi. Kwisakhiwo sentambo kufuneka kuncitshiswe ubukho bezithuba, njengokusetyenziswa kwesantya esiphezulu sokwandiswa kwentambo yokuvimba amanzi, emva koko ububanzi bentambo yokuvimba amanzi bunokwehliswa bube buncinci, ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokuthintela amanzi, kodwa nokonga iindleko.
2) Izinga lokudumba kunye namandla ejeli yeentambo ezithintela amanzi
Uvavanyo lokungena kwamanzi lwe-IEC794-1-F5B lwenziwa kwicandelo elipheleleyo lentambo ye-fiber optic. I-1m yekholamu yamanzi yongezwa kwisampulu ye-3m yentambo ye-fiber optic, iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphandle kokuvuza ziyaqinisekiswa. Ukuba izinga lokudumba kwentambo evimba amanzi alihambelani nezinga lokungena kwamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba amanzi adlule kwisampulu kwimizuzu embalwa yokuqala uvavanyo kwaye intambo evimba amanzi ayikadumba ngokupheleleyo, nangona emva kwexesha elithile intambo evimba amanzi iya kuvuvuka ngokupheleleyo ize ivale amanzi, kodwa oku nako kukusilela. Ukuba izinga lokwandiswa likhawuleza kwaye amandla ejeli awanelanga, akwanelanga ukumelana noxinzelelo oluveliswa yikholamu yamanzi ye-1m, kwaye ukuvalwa kwamanzi kuya kusilela.
3) Ukuthamba kwentambo evala amanzi
Njengoko ukuthamba kolu cingo oluvala amanzi kwimpawu zoomatshini zentambo, ingakumbi uxinzelelo olusecaleni, ukumelana nokuchaphazeleka, njl.njl., ukuchaphazeleka kuyabonakala ngakumbi, ngoko ke kufuneka uzame ukusebenzisa ulu cingo oluvala amanzi oluthambileyo.
4) Amandla okuxinana, ubude kunye nobude bomsonto othintela amanzi
Kwimveliso yetreyi nganye yentambo, intambo ethintela amanzi kufuneka iqhubeke kwaye ingaphazanyiswa, nto leyo efuna ukuba intambo ethintela amanzi kufuneka ibe namandla athile okutsala kunye nokwandiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo ethintela amanzi ayitsalwa ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, intambo xa itsalwa, igotywa, ijijwa intambo ethintela amanzi ayonakaliswanga. Ubude bentambo ethintela amanzi buxhomekeke kakhulu kubude betreyi yentambo, ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lamaxesha intambo etshintsha ngawo kwimveliso eqhubekayo, kokukhona ubude bentambo ethintela amanzi bungcono.
5) Ubumuncu kunye ne-alkalinity yentambo evala amanzi kufuneka ingathathi cala, kungenjalo intambo evala amanzi iya kuphendula kwizinto zekhebula ize ibangele i-hydrogen.
6) Uzinzo lweentambo ezithintela amanzi
Itheyibhile 2: Uthelekiso lwesakhiwo esivimba amanzi semisonto evimba amanzi nezinye izinto ezivimba amanzi
| Thelekisa izinto | Ukuzaliswa kwejeli | Isangqa sokumisa amanzi anyibilikisiweyo ashushu | Iteyiphu yokuvimba amanzi | Intambo yokuthintela amanzi |
| Ukumelana namanzi | Kulungile | Kulungile | Kulungile | Kulungile |
| Ukuqhubekeka | Elula | Inzima | Kunzima ngakumbi | Elula |
| Iipropati zoomatshini | Abafanelekileyo | Abafanelekileyo | Abafanelekileyo | Abafanelekileyo |
| Ukuthembeka kwexesha elide | Kulungile | Kulungile | Kulungile | Kulungile |
| Amandla okubopha esingxotyeni | Ilungile | Kulungile | Ilungile | Kulungile |
| Umngcipheko woqhagamshelo | Ewe | No | No | No |
| Iziphumo ze-oxidation | Ewe | No | No | No |
| Isinyibilikisi | Ewe | No | No | No |
| Ubunzima ngeyunithi nganye ubude bentambo ye-fibre optic | Inzima | Ukukhanya | Inzima ngakumbi | Ukukhanya |
| Ukuhamba kwezinto ezingafunekiyo | Kunokwenzeka | No | No | No |
| Ucoceko kwimveliso | Imbi | Amahlwempu ngakumbi | Kulungile | Kulungile |
| Ukuphathwa kwezinto | Iidrama zentsimbi enzima | Elula | Elula | Elula |
| Utyalo-mali kwizixhobo | Enkulu | Enkulu | Enkulu | Encinci |
| Ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo | Phezulu | Iphantsi | Phezulu | Ezantsi |
| Iindleko zemveliso | Phezulu | Phezulu | Phezulu | Ezantsi |
Uzinzo lweentambo ezithintela amanzi lulinganiswa kakhulu luzinzo lwexesha elifutshane kunye nozinzo lwexesha elide. Uzinzo lwexesha elifutshane luthathwa kakhulu njengokunyuka kobushushu bexesha elifutshane (ubushushu benkqubo yesheya yokukhupha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-220 ~ 240 ° C) kwiipropati zokuthintela amanzi kwintambo yokuthintela amanzi kunye neepropati zoomatshini zempembelelo; uzinzo lwexesha elide, ikakhulu xa kujongwa ukuguga kwesantya sokwandiswa kwentambo yokuthintela amanzi, izinga lokwandiswa, amandla kunye nozinzo lwejeli, amandla okutsalwa kunye nokwandiswa kwempembelelo, intambo yokuthintela amanzi kufuneka ibe kubomi bonke bentambo (iminyaka engama-20 ~ 30) kukumelana namanzi. Ngokufana negrisi ethintela amanzi kunye neteyipu ethintela amanzi, amandla ejeli kunye nozinzo lwentambo yokuthintela amanzi luphawu olubalulekileyo. Intambo yokuthintela amanzi enamandla aphezulu ejeli kunye nozinzo oluhle inokugcina iipropati ezilungileyo zokuthintela amanzi ixesha elide. Ngokuchasene noko, ngokwemigangatho yesizwe yaseJamani efanelekileyo, ezinye izinto phantsi kweemeko ze-hydrolysis, ijeli iya kubola ibe yinto ehamba kakhulu enobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli, kwaye ayiyi kufezekisa injongo yokumelana namanzi ixesha elide.
3.3 Ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezithintela amanzi
Intambo yokuthintela amanzi njengesixhobo esibalaseleyo sokuthintela amanzi ngentambo ye-optical, ithatha indawo yentlama yeoyile, isangqa esinamathelayo esishushu esithintela amanzi kunye neteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi, njl.njl. esetyenziswa ngobuninzi ekuvelisweni kwentambo ye-optical, Itheyibhile 2 malunga nezinye zeempawu zezi zinto zokuthintela amanzi ukuze kuthelekiswe.
4 Isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, intambo yokuthintela amanzi yinto efanelekileyo yokuthintela amanzi efanelekileyo kwiintambo ze-optical, ineempawu zokwakha ezilula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kulula ukuyisebenzisa; kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizalisa intambo ye-optical kuneenzuzo zobunzima obulula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-16-2022