Yintoni iCable eKhuselekileyo kwaye kutheni iLayer eKhuselekileyo ibaluleke kangaka?

Intambo ekhuselweyo, njengoko igama lisitsho, yintambo enokukwazi ukuphazamisa umbane ngaphandle eyenziwe ngohlobo lwentambo yokudlulisa enomaleko wokukhusela. Oko kubizwa ngokuba “kukukhusela” kwisakhiwo sentambo kukwayindlela yokuphucula ukusasazwa kwamasimi ombane. Umqhubi wentambo wenziwe ngeentambo ezininzi, okulula ukwenza umsantsa womoya phakathi kwayo kunye nomaleko wokukhusela, kwaye umphezulu wentambo awugudileyo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba intsimi yombane ibe xinene.

1. Umaleko wokukhusela iintambo
(1). Yongeza umaleko wokukhusela wezinto eziqhuba kancinci kumphezulu womqhubi, ohambelana nomqhubi okhuselekileyo kwaye unxibelelana kakuhle nomaleko wokukhusela, ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhupha okungaphelelanga phakathi komqhubi kunye nomaleko wokukhusela. Olu maleko wokukhusela ukwaziwa njengomaleko wokukhusela wangaphakathi. Kunokubakho nezikhewu kunxibelelwano phakathi komphezulu wokukhusela kunye neshelufu, kwaye xa intambo igobile, umphezulu wokukhusela intambo ye-oyile-paper kulula ukubangela iintanda, ezizinto ezibangela ukukhupha okungaphelelanga.

(2). Yongeza umaleko wokukhusela wezinto eziqhuba kancinci kumphezulu womaleko wokukhusela, onxibelelana kakuhle nomaleko wokukhusela okhuselekileyo kwaye unamandla alinganayo neshedi yesinyithi, ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhupha inxalenye phakathi komaleko wokukhusela kunye neshedi.

Ukuze kuqhutywe ngokulinganayo umbindi kwaye kufakwe i-insulation kwi-electrical field, iintambo zamandla ze-6kV nangaphezulu zinomaleko we-conductor shield kunye nomaleko we-insulation shield, kwaye ezinye iintambo ze-low-voltage azinawo umaleko we-shield. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-shield layers: i-semi-conductive shielding kunye ne-metal shielding.

2. Intambo ekhuselweyo
Umaleko wokukhusela wale ntambo ugqunywe kakhulu kwinethiwekhi yeengcingo zesinyithi okanye ifilimu yesinyithi, kwaye kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela enye kunye nokukhusela okuninzi. Isihlangu esinye sibhekisa kwinethi yesihlangu esinye okanye ifilimu yesihlangu, esinokusonga intambo enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Imo yokukhusela okuninzi yinethiwekhi ezininzi zokukhusela, kwaye ifilimu yokukhusela ikwintambo enye. Ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukwahlukanisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kweengcingo, kwaye ezinye zikhusela ngamaleko amabini asetyenziselwa ukuqinisa isiphumo sokukhusela. Indlela yokukhusela kukumisa umaleko wokukhusela ukuze kwahlulwe i-voltage yokuphazamiseka ebangelwa yintambo yangaphandle.

(1). Ikhaka eliqhuba umbane kancinci
Umaleko wokukhusela oqhuba kancinci udla ngokucwangciswa kumphezulu wangaphandle we-conductive wire core kunye nomphezulu wangaphandle we-insulation layer, ngokulandelelana obizwa ngokuba yi-inner semi-conductive shielding layer kunye ne-outer semi-conductive shielding layer. Umaleko wokukhusela oqhuba kancinci wenziwe ngezinto eziqhuba kancinci ezinokumelana okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Umaleko wokukhusela oqhuba kancinci wenzelwe ukulingana intsimi yombane kumphezulu wangaphandle we-conductor core kwaye kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa okuncinci kwe-conductor kunye ne-insulation ngenxa yomphezulu ongalinganiyo we-conductor kunye nomsantsa womoya obangelwa yi-stranded core. I-external semi-conductive shield inxibelelana kakuhle nomphezulu wangaphandle we-insulation layer, kwaye ihambelana ne-metal sheath ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhutshwa okuncinci kwi-metal sheath ngenxa yeziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kumphezulu we-cable insulation.

(2). Ikhaka lesinyithi
Kwiintambo zamandla ze-voltage ephakathi nephantsi ngaphandle kweeshelufu zesinyithi, ukongeza ekuseteni umaleko wekhaka eliqhuba kancinci, kodwa kongeza umaleko wekhaka lesinyithi. Umaleko wekhaka lesinyithi udla ngokusongwaiteyiphu yobheduokanye ucingo lobhedu, oludlala indima yokukhusela intsimi yombane.

Ngenxa yokuba umbane ohamba ngentambo yamandla mkhulu kakhulu, intsimi yemagnethi iya kuveliswa ijikeleze umbane, ukuze ingachaphazeli ezinye izinto, ngoko ke ungqimba lokukhusela lunokukhusela le ntsimi ye-electromagnetic kwintambo. Ukongeza, ungqimba lokukhusela intambo lunokudlala indima ethile ekukhuseleni umhlaba. Ukuba umongo wentambo wonakele, umbane ovuzayo unokuhamba ngokuhamba kwe-laminar yokukhusela, njengenethiwekhi yokukhusela umhlaba, ukuze udlale indima ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko. Kuyabonakala ukuba indima yongqimba lokukhusela intambo isenkulu kakhulu.