Intambo ethintela ilangatye, ibhekisa kwintambo eneemeko ezithintela umlilo, ngokubanzi kwimeko yovavanyo, emva kokuba intambo itshisiwe, ukuba umbane ucinyiwe, umlilo uya kulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, awuyi kusasazeka, kunye nentambo ethintela ilangatye kwaye uthintele ukusebenza komsi onetyhefu. Intambo ethintela ilangatye njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lombane, ukukhethwa kwezinto zayo kubalulekile, kwimarike yangoku kusetyenziswa izixhobo zentambo ethintela ilangatye, kuqukaI-PVC, I-XLPE, irabha ye-silicone kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela iiminerali.
Ukukhetha ucingo olugcina ilangatye kunye nezinto zekhebula
Okukhona isalathisi seoksijini sezinto ezisetyenziswa kwintambo ethintela umlilo iphezulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant kungcono, kodwa ngokwanda kwesalathisi seoksijini, kuyimfuneko ukulahlekelwa zezinye iimpawu. Ukuba iimpawu zomzimba kunye neempawu zenkqubo yezinto ziyancipha, ukusebenza kunzima, kwaye ixabiso lezinto liyanyuka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha isalathisi seoksijini ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo, isalathisi seoksijini sezinto zokufakelwa ubushushu ngokubanzi sifikelela kuma-30, imveliso ingaphumelela iimfuno zovavanyo lweklasi C kumgangatho, ukuba izinto zokubeka isigqubuthelo kunye nokuzalisa zizinto ezithintela umlilo, imveliso inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeKlasi B kunye neKlasi A. Izixhobo zentambo ezithintela umlilo kunye neentambo zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe zizinto ezithintela umlilo ze-halogen kunye nezinto ezithintela umlilo ezingenayo i-halogen;
1. Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezifakwe i-halogen
Ngenxa yokubola nokukhululwa kwe-hydrogen halide xa ukutsha kushushu, i-hydrogen halide inokubamba ingcambu ye-HO esebenzayo ye-free radical, ukuze ukutsha kwezinto kubambezeleke okanye kucinywe ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokurhoxisa ilangabi. Ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-polyvinyl chloride, irabha ye-neoprene, i-polyethylene ye-chlorosulfonated, irabha ye-ethylene-propylene kunye nezinye izinto.
(1) I-polyvinyl chloride egcina ilangatye (PVC): Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi le-PVC, ubushushu obuhle kunye ne-flame retardant, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo eziqhelekileyo ezigcina ilangatye kunye neentambo. Ukuze kuphuculwe i-PVC egcina ilangatye, ii-halogen flame retardant (decabromodiphenyl ethers), ii-chlorinated paraffins kunye ne-synergic flame retardants zihlala zongezwa kwifomyula ukuphucula i-PVC egcina ilangatye.
Irabha ye-ethylene propylene (EPDM): iihydrocarbons ezingezizo iipolar, ezineempawu zombane ezibalaseleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ilahleko ephantsi ye-dielectric, kodwa irabha ye-ethylene propylene zizinto ezinokutsha, kufuneka sinciphise inqanaba lerabha ye-ethylene propylene edibanisayo, sinciphise ukuqhawuka kwe-molecular chain okubangelwa zizinto ezinobunzima obuphantsi be-molecular, ukuze kuphuculwe iimpawu ezithintela ilangatye zezinto;
(2) Umsi omncinci kunye nezinto ezithintela ilangatye ze-halogen ephantsi
Ngokuyintloko kwi-polyvinyl chloride kunye ne-chlorosulfonated polyethylene, izinto ezimbini zifakwa. Yongeza i-CaCO3 kunye ne-A(IOH)3 kwifomyula ye-PVC. I-Zinc borate kunye ne-MoO3 zinokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-HCL kunye nobungakanani bomsi we-polyvinyl chloride ethintela ilangatye, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuncipha komlilo wezinto, inciphise i-halogen, inkungu ye-asidi, ukukhutshwa komsi, kodwa inokwenza i-oxygen index inciphe kancinci.
2. Izixhobo ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo iHalogen
IiPolyolefin zizinto ezingenayo i-halogen, eziquka iihydrocarbons eziqhekeza i-carbon dioxide namanzi xa zitshisiwe ngaphandle kokuvelisa umsi omkhulu kunye neegesi eziyingozi. I-Polyolefin ibandakanya ikakhulu i-polyethylene (PE) kunye ne-ethylene – vinyl acetate polymers (E-VA). Ezi zinto ngokwazo azinawo amadangatye athintela umlilo, kufuneka zongeze amadangatye athintela umlilo angabonakaliyo kunye namadangatye athintela umlilo angabonakaliyo, ukuze zicutshungulwe zibe zizinto ezithintela umlilo ezingabonakaliyo i-halogen; Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamaqela e-polar kwi-molecular chain yezinto ezingezizo i-polar ezine-hydrophobicity, ukuhambelana nama-inorganic flame retardants abuthathaka, kunzima ukuwabopha ngokuqinileyo. Ukuze kuphuculwe umsebenzi womphezulu we-polyolefin, ama-surfactants anokongezwa kwifomyula. Okanye kwi-polyolefin exutywe nama-polymers aqulethe amaqela e-polar, ukuze kwandiswe inani le-flame retardant filler, kuphuculwe iipropati zoomatshini kunye neepropati zokucubungula izinto, ngelixa kufunyanwa amadangatye achukumisayo angcono. Kuyabonakala ukuba ucingo kunye nentambo ethintela umlilo kuseluncedo kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunobuhlobo kakhulu nokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-03-2024