Isakhiwo esisisiseko sentambo yamandla siqulunqwe ngamacandelo amane: i-wire core (i-conductor), i-insulation layer, i-shielding layer kunye ne-protection layer. Umaleko wokugquma ukwahlula kombane phakathi kondoqo wocingo kunye nomhlaba kunye nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zondoqo wocingo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane, kwaye yinxalenye eyimfuneko yesakhiwo sentambo yombane.
Indima yomaleko wokugquma:
Undoqo wentambo ngumqhubi. Ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo wezixhobo ezibangelwa isiphaluka esifutshane seengcingo eziveziweyo kunye nokulimala kwabantu okubangelwa iingcingo ezidlula i-voltage yokhuseleko, i-insulating layer yokukhusela kufuneka yongezwe kwikhebula. I-resistiveivity yombane ye-conductor yensimbi kwikhebula incinci kakhulu, kwaye i-resistivity yombane ye-insulator iphezulu kakhulu. Isizathu sokuba i-insulator ingagqunywa ngenxa yokuba: iintlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwiimolekyuli ze-insulator zibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo, amasuntswana ahlawulisiweyo anokuthi ahambe ngokukhululekileyo ambalwa kakhulu, kwaye ukuxhathisa kukhulu kakhulu, ngoko ngokubanzi, i-macro current eyenziwe yintshukumo yentlawulo yamahhala phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane yangaphandle ayinakuhoywa, kwaye ithathwa njengento engafanelekanga. Kwii-insulators, kukho i-voltage eyophukileyo enika ii-electron amandla awoneleyo ukuba zivuyise. Nje ukuba i-voltage yokuqhawula idlulile, izinto eziphathekayo azisakhuseli.
Iyintoni impembelelo yobuninzi bokufakelwa kwe-insulation kwintambo?
Ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yocingo kunye neemveliso zentambo, ukuba indawo encinci ye-sheath yekhebula ayihlangabezani neemfuno, emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide, ngokukodwa kwindawo engcwatywe ngokuthe ngqo, ephantsi kwamanzi, evulekileyo okanye eyonakalisayo, ngenxa ye-corrosion yexesha elide ye-medium yangaphandle, inqanaba le-insulation kunye nenqanaba lomatshini lendawo encinci ye-sheath iya kuncitshiswa. Ukufunyanwa kovavanyo lwe-sheath rhoqo okanye ukungaphumeleli kokumisa umgca, inqaku elincinci linokuphulwa, umphumo wokukhusela we-cable sheath uya kulahleka. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi akunakungahoywa, ucingo kunye nekhebula ixesha elide liza kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi, luya kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yocingo kunye nekhebula. Ukuba umgangatho awukho kumgangatho, uya kubangela umlilo kunye nezinye iingozi zokhuseleko.
Ukwandisa ubunzima benkqubo yokubeka, kwinkqubo yokubeka idinga ukuqwalasela ukushiya umsantsa, ukuze uchithe ubushushu obuveliswa emva kocingo kunye nombane wentambo, ubukhulu be-sheath bubunzima kakhulu kuya kwandisa ubunzima bokubeka, ngoko ubukhulu be-sheath bufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo, kungenjalo ayinakudlala indima ekukhuseleni ucingo kunye nentambo. Enye yeempawu zomgangatho wemveliso ibonakala kumgangatho wembonakalo yemveliso. Ingaba intambo yamandla okanye intambo yelaphu elula, umgangatho womgangatho wokugquma kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwimveliso, kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye ivavanywe.
Mhlawumbi abantu abaninzi baya kuba namathandabuzo, ekubeni indima ye-insulation layer inkulu kakhulu, umphezulu wekhebula lokukhanyisa kunye nekhebula eliphantsi kwe-voltage ligutyungelwe ngoluhlu lweplastiki okanye i-rubber insulation, kwaye i-high-voltage cable kwintsimi ayigqunywanga nge-insulation.
Ngenxa yokuba i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu, ezinye izinto ezikhuselayo, ezinje ngerabha, iplastiki, iinkuni ezomileyo, njl. Ukusonga i-insulation kwiintambo zombane ophezulu yinkcitho yemali kunye nezibonelelo. Umphezulu we-high-voltage wire ayigqunywanga nge-insulation, kwaye ukuba imisiwe kwinqaba ephakamileyo, inokuvuza umbane ngenxa yokudibanisa nenqaba. Ukuze kuthintelwe le nto, i-high voltage wire isoloko imisiwe phantsi koluhlu olude lweebhotile ze-porcelain ezifakwe kakuhle, ukwenzela ukuba ucingo oluphezulu lufakwe kwinqaba. Ukongezelela, xa ufaka iintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage, musa ukudonsa phantsi. Ngaphandle koko, ngenxa yengxabano phakathi kocingo kunye nomhlaba, i-insulation layer yokuqala yonakele, kwaye kukho ii-burrs ezininzi, eziya kuvelisa ukukhutshwa kweengcebiso, okubangela ukuvuza.
Uluhlu lwe-insulation lwentambo lubekwe ngokweemfuno zekhebula. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, abavelisi kufuneka balawule ubuninzi be-insulation ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yenkqubo, bafezekise ulawulo olubanzi lwenkqubo, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wocingo kunye nentambo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2024