Iingcingo kunye neentambo, ezisebenza njengezona zithwali ziphambili zokuhambisa umbane kunye nonxibelelwano lolwazi, zisebenza ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kwiinkqubo zokugquma i-insulation kunye ne-sheathing. Ngokwahlukahluka kweemfuno zoshishino zanamhlanje zokusebenza kweentambo, iinkqubo ezine eziphambili—i-extrusion, i-longitudinal wrapping, i-helical wrapping, kunye ne-dip coating—zibonisa iingenelo ezikhethekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku lijonga ekukhetheni izinto, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo nganye, libonelela ngesiseko sethiyori soyilo kunye nokukhetha iintambo.
1 Inkqubo yokukhupha
1.1 Iinkqubo zezinto
Inkqubo yokukhupha izinto isebenzisa ikakhulu izinto ze-thermoplastic okanye ze-thermosetting polymer:
① I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Ixabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuyicubungula, ifanelekile kwiintambo zesiqhelo ezine-voltage ephantsi (umz., iintambo eziqhelekileyo ze-UL 1061), kodwa azinawo amandla okumelana nobushushu (ubushushu obusetyenziswa ixesha elide ≤70°C).
②I-Polyethylene edityanisiweyo (XLPE): Ngokusebenzisa i-peroxide okanye i-irradiation cross-linking, izinga lobushushu liyanyuka liye kwi-90°C (umgangatho we-IEC 60502), osetyenziselwa iintambo zamandla eziphakathi neziphezulu.
③ I-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Ukumelana nokukrala kuhambelana ne-ISO 4649 Standard Grade A, esetyenziselwa iintambo zerobhothi zokurhuqa.
④ Ii-Fluoroplastics (umz., i-FEP): Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu (200°C) kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali, okwanelisa iimfuno zentambo ye-aerospace i-MIL-W-22759.
1.2 Iimpawu zeNkqubo
Isebenzisa i-screw extruder ukuze ifumane ukugquma okuqhubekayo:
① Ulawulo lobushushu: I-XLPE ifuna ulawulo lobushushu olunezigaba ezintathu (indawo yokutya eyi-120°C → indawo yoxinzelelo eyi-150°C → indawo ehambelanayo eyi-180°C).
② Ulawulo loButyebi: Ubukhulu be-eccentricity kufuneka bube yi-≤5% (njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-GB/T 2951.11).
③ Indlela Yokupholisa: Ukupholisa i-gradient kwisitya samanzi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-crystallization.
1.3 Imeko zesicelo
① Uthumelo lwamandla: Iintambo ezigqunywe nge-insulation ezingama-35 kV nangaphantsi kwe-XLPE (GB/T 12706).
② Iintambo zocingo zeemoto: Ubushushu bePVC obuseludongeni olubhityileyo (ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-ISO 6722 obuyi-0.13 mm).
③ Iintambo ezikhethekileyo: Iintambo ze-coaxial ezigqunyiweyo ze-PTFE (ASTM D3307).
2 Inkqubo yokusonga i-Longitudinal
2.1 Ukukhetha Izinto
① Imicu yesinyithi: 0.15 mmiteyiphu yentsimbi egayiweyo(Iimfuno ze-GB/T 2952), iteyiphu ye-aluminiyam egqunywe ngeplastiki (isakhiwo se-Al/PET/Al).
② Izixhobo zokuthintela amanzi: Iteyiphu yokuthintela amanzi egqunywe nge-hot-melt adhesive (izinga lokudumba ≥500%).
③ Izixhobo zokuWelda: Ucingo lokuWelda lwe-aluminium lwe-ER5356 lwe-argon arc welding (umgangatho we-AWS A5.10).
2.2 Iiteknoloji eziphambili
Inkqubo yokusonga ubude ibandakanya amanyathelo amathathu aphambili:
① Ukwenziwa kwemigca: Ukugoba imicu ethe tyaba ibe yi-U → i-O ngokuqengqeleka okunezigaba ezininzi.
② Ukuwelda Okuqhubekekayo: Ukuwelda kokungenisa okuphindaphindwayo okuphezulu (ukuphindaphinda kwe-400 kHz, isantya se-20 m/min).
③ Uhlolo olukwi-intanethi: Isivavanyi se-spark (uvavanyo lwe-voltage yi-9 kV/mm).
2.3 Usetyenziso Oluqhelekileyo
① Iintambo zeNqanawa: Intambo yentsimbi eneengqimba ezimbini, esonga ubude bayo (IEC 60840 inamandla oomatshini aqhelekileyo ≥400 N/mm²).
② Iintambo zokwemba: I-sheath ye-aluminiyam ekhandiweyo (MT 818.14 amandla oxinzelelo ≥20 MPa).
③ Iintambo zoNxibelelwano: Isixhobo sokusonga esidityanisiweyo se-aluminium-plastic (ilahleko yokudluliselwa kombane ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).
Inkqubo yokusonga ngeHelical 3
3.1 Ukudibanisa izinto
① Iteyiphu yeMica: Umxholo weMuscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), ubushushu bokumelana nomlilo yi-1000°C/90 min.
② Iteyiphu ye-Semiconducting: Umxholo omnyama wekhabhoni yi-30% ～40% (ukumelana nomthamo yi-10² ～10³ Ω·cm).
③ IiTayipi eziDibeneyo: Ifilimu yePolyester + ilaphu elingalukwanga (ubukhulu yi-0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).
3.2 Iiparameter zeNkqubo
① I-engile yokusonga: 25°～55° (i-engile encinci inika ukumelana okungcono kokugoba).
② Umlinganiselo wokudibanisa: 50% ～70% (iintambo ezingatshiyo zifuna ukudibana nge-100%).
③ Ulawulo loxinzelelo: 0.5～2 N/mm² (ulawulo oluvaliweyo lwe-servo motor).
3.3 Izicelo Ezintsha
① Iintambo zamandla enyukliya: Ukusonga iteyiphu ye-mica enamaleko amathathu (uvavanyo lwe-IEEE 383 oluqhelekileyo lwe-LOCA lufanelekile).
② Iintambo zeSuperconducting: I-semiconducting water-blocking tape wrapping (izinga elibalulekileyo lokugcina umbane ≥98%).
③ Iintambo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo: I-PTFE film wrapping (i-dielectric constant 2.1 @1MHz).
Inkqubo yokuGcoba ngeDip 4
4.1 Iinkqubo zokugquma
① Iingubo zeAsphalt: Ukungena 60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② I-Polyurethane: Inkqubo enamacandelo amabini (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), ukunamathela ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Ii-Nano-coatings: I-SiO₂ modified epoxy resin (uvavanyo lwe-salt spray >1000 h).
4.2 Uphuculo lweNkqubo
① Ukufakwa kweVacuum: Uxinzelelo lwe-0.08 MPa lugcinwa imizuzu engama-30 (izinga lokuzalisa imingxuma >95%).
② Unyango lwe-UV: Ubude be-wave yi-365 nm, ubunzulu yi-800 mJ/cm².
③ Ukomisa iGradient: 40°C × iiyure ezi-2 → 80°C × iiyure ezi-4 → 120°C × iyure e-1.
4.3 Izicelo ezikhethekileyo
① Ii-Overhead Conductors: I-Graphene-modified anti-corrosion coating (ubuninzi betyuwa buncitshiswe yi-70%).
② Iintambo zeShipboard: I-polyurea coating eziphilisayo (ixesha lokuphiliswa kwee-crack <24 h).
③ Iintambo Ezingcwatyiweyo: I-semiconducting coating (ukumelana nokumisa umhlaba ≤5 Ω·km).
5 Isiphelo
Ngophuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele, iinkqubo zokugubungela ziyaguquka ziye kwi-compositization kunye ne-digitalization. Umzekelo, itekhnoloji edibeneyo ye-extrusion-longitudinal wrapping ivumela ukuveliswa okudibeneyo kwe-three-layer co-extrusion + aluminium sheath, kwaye iintambo zonxibelelwano ze-5G zisebenzisa i-nano-coating + wrapping composite insulation. Uyilo lwenkqubo yexesha elizayo kufuneka lufumane ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kolawulo lweendleko kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza, okuqhuba uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini leentambo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-31-2025