Amacandelo ezakhiwo zeemveliso zocingo kunye nentambo zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ngamacandelo amane angundoqo wesakhiwo: ii-conductor, iileya zokugquma, iileya zokukhusela kunye neeshethi, kunye nezinto zokuzalisa kunye ne-tensile elements, njl.nj i-copper-aluminium busbars (iibhasi), njl Ukukhutshwa kombane kwangaphandle kwezi mveliso kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-insulators kunye nomgama wendawo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokubeka (oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-air insulation).
Uninzi lweemveliso zocingo kunye neentambo zinemilo enqamlezileyo efanayo (ukungahoywa kweempazamo zokuvelisa) kwaye zikwimo yeentambo ezide. Oku kumiselwa yinkalo ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iisekethe okanye iikhoyili kwiinkqubo okanye izixhobo. Ngoko ke, xa ufunda kwaye uhlalutya ukubunjwa kwesakhiwo seemveliso zentambo, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukujonga nokuhlalutya kumacandelo abo anqamlezayo.
Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo olunzulu lwesakhiwo sentambo kunye nezixhobo zentambo:
1. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: I-Conductor
Iingcingo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwaye ziyimfuneko kwiimveliso ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhambisa ulwazi lwangoku okanye lwe-electromagnetic wave. Ucingo sisishunqulelo se-conductive core.
Ziziphi izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwii-cable conductors? Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zenziwa ngokubanzi ngeentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kunye ne-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane efana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminium. Iintambo zamehlo ezisetyenziswa kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano lwamehlo eziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo okanye zisebenzisa iifibers zamehlo njengezikhondari.
2. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: I-insulation layer
I-insulating layer yinxalenye egubungela i-periphery yocingo kwaye isebenza njenge-insulator yombane. Oko kukuthi, inokuqinisekisa ukuba amaza asasazwayo akhoyo okanye e-electromagnetic, amaza okukhanya ahamba kuphela ngocingo kwaye angaphumi ngaphandle. Okunokwenzeka kwi-conductor (oko kukuthi, ukuhlukana okunokwenzeka okwenziwe kwizinto ezijikelezileyo, oko kukuthi, i-voltage) ingaba yodwa. Oko kukuthi, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa zombini umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuhambisa ucingo kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto zangaphandle kunye nabantu. Iingcingo kunye ne-insulation layers ngamacandelo amabini asisiseko ekufuneka abekhona ukwenza iimveliso zentambo (ngaphandle kweengcingo ezingenanto).
Ziziphi izinto zokugquma intambo: Kwiintambo zanamhlanje kunye neentambo, ulwahlulo lwezixhobo zokugquma intambo luwela ikakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: iiplastiki kunye nerabha. Izixhobo zePolymer zizongamela, zivelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zocingo kunye neentambo ezifanelekileyo kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma iintambo kunye neentambo ziquka i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC),ipolyethylene edityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo (XLPE), i-fluoroplastics, i-rubber compounds, i-ethylene propylene i-rubber compounds, kunye nezixhobo zokugquma irabha ye-silicone.
3. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: I-sheath
Xa iimveliso zocingo kunye nekhebula zifakwe kwaye zisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka kubekho amacandelo akhusela imveliso yonke, ngakumbi i-insulation layer. Esi sisingxobo. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zokugquma zifunwa ukuba zibeneempawu ezibalaseleyo zokugquma umbane kuzo zonke iintlobo, kuyafuneka ukuba kufuneke ubunyulu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nomxholo wokungacoceki ophantsi kakhulu wemathiriyeli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuthathela ingqalelo amandla ayo okukhusela ngokuchasene nehlabathi langaphandle. Ngoko ke, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokukhusela kufuneka zibe noxanduva lokumelana okanye ukuxhathisa amandla ahlukeneyo omatshini avela ngaphandle (oko kukuthi, ukufakela, indawo yokusetyenziswa kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa), ukuchasana nokusingqongileyo kwe-atmospheric, ukuchasana neekhemikhali okanye i-oyile, ukuthintela umonakalo webhayoloji, kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zomlilo. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-cable sheaths i-waterproofing, i-flame retardancy, ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokuthintela ukubola. Iimveliso ezininzi zeentambo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iimeko ezingqongileyo ezilungileyo zangaphandle (ezinje ngococeko, olomileyo, kunye nemekobume yangaphakathi engenamandla omatshini angaphandle), okanye ezo zinezixhobo zokugquma ezinokuthi ngokwendalo zibe namandla omatshini kunye nokumelana nemozulu, zinokwenza ngaphandle kwecandelo lokhuselo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zemathiriyeli ye-cable sheath ekhoyo? Izinto eziphambili ze-cable sheath zibandakanya i-rubber, iplastiki, i-coating, i-silicone, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo zefiber, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni zombini izixhobo zerabha kunye neplastiki zinenqanaba elithile lokungena kwamanzi, zinokusetyenziswa kuphela xa izixhobo eziphezulu zepolymer ezinokumelana nokufuma okuphezulu zisetyenziswa njenge-cable insulation. Emva koko abanye abasebenzisi banokubuza ukuba kutheni iplastiki isetyenziswe njengoluhlu olukhuselayo kwimarike? Xa kuthelekiswa neempawu zeeshethi zeplastiki, i-rubber sheaths ine-elasticity ephezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, iyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, kodwa inkqubo yabo yokuvelisa inzima kakhulu. Iiplastiki zeplastiki zineempawu ezingcono zoomatshini kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi, kwaye zininzi kwizibonelelo, ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukusetyenzwa. Ngoko ke, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimarike. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngabalingane boshishino ukuba kukho olunye uhlobo lwe-metal sheath. I-Metal sheaths ayinayo kuphela imisebenzi yokukhusela oomatshini kodwa kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela okhankanywe ngezantsi. Bakwanazo iipropathi ezinje ngokumelana nomhlwa, ukucinezeleka kunye nokuqina kokuqina, kunye nokumelana namanzi, okunokuthi kuthintele ukufuma kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi ukuba zingene ngaphakathi kwi-insulation yentambo. Ke ngoko, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeeshethi zeentambo zamandla ezifakwe ngeoyile ezifakwe kwi-oyile ezinokumelana nokufuma okulambathayo.
4. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: I-Shielding layer
Umaleko okhuselayo yinxalenye ephambili kwiimveliso zentambo zokuphumeza ukwahlukaniswa kwe-electromagnetic field. Ayinakuthintela kuphela imiqondiso yangaphakathi ye-electromagnetic ukuba ivuze kwaye iphazamise izixhobo zangaphandle, iimitha okanye eminye imigca, kodwa ikwathintela amaza ombane angaphandle ukuba angangeni kwinkqubo yentambo ngokudityaniswa. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-shielding layer ayibekwanga kuphela ngaphandle kwentambo kodwa ikhona phakathi kwezibini okanye amaqela eengcingo kwiintambo ezininzi ezingundoqo, ezenza amanqanaba amaninzi "izikrini zokuhlukanisa i-electromagnetic isolation". Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngeemfuno ezikhulayo zeentambo zonxibelelwano ezixhaphake kakhulu kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, izixhobo zokukhusela ziye zavela kwiphepha lemveli elenziwe ngesinyithi kunye neiteyiphu zephepha le-semiconductor ukuya kwizinto eziphambili ezihlanganisiweyo ezifanaiiteyiphu ze-aluminium foil mylar, iiteyiphu zobhedu zemylar, kunye neeteyiphu zobhedu. Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezikhuselayo ziquka iileyile ezikhuselayo zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngeepholima eziqhubayo okanye iiteyiphu ze-semiconductive, kunye neengqimba ezingaphandle ezikhuselayo ezifana ne-copper tape yokuvala i-longitudinal kunye ne-braided mesh yobhedu. Phakathi kwazo, umaleko ophothiweyo ubukhulu becala zisebenzisa ubhedu lwetin-plated ukomeleza ukuxhathisa ukudleka. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zesicelo, ezinje ngeentambo eziguquguqukayo zisebenzisa iteyiphu yobhedu + isikhuselo socingo lwekhopha, iintambo zedatha ezisebenzisa ifoyile yealuminiyam yokusonga ngobude + uyilo olulula, kunye neentambo zonyango ezifuna ukugquma okuphezulu kwesilivere-plated iileya ezilukiweyo zobhedu. Ngokufika kwexesha le-5G, i-hybrid shielding structure ye-aluminium-plastic composite tape kunye ne-tin-plated copper weaving iye yaba sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo kwiintambo eziphezulu ze-frequency. Ukuziqhelanisa noshishino kubonisa ukuba umaleko okhuselayo uguqukile ukusuka kwisakhiwo se-accessory ukuya kwindawo engundoqo ezimeleyo yentambo. Ukukhethwa kwemathiriyeli yayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokubanzi iimpawu zokuphindaphinda, ukusebenza ngokugoba kunye neendleko zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhambelana kombane wemeko ezahlukeneyo zosetyenziso.
5. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Isakhiwo esigcwalisiweyo
Uninzi lweemveliso zocingo kunye neentambo zi-multi-core. Umzekelo, uninzi lweentambo zombane ezine-voltage eziziintambo ezine-core okanye ezintlanu (ezifanele iinkqubo zesigaba esithathu), kwaye iintambo zomnxeba zasezidolophini ziza ngamaqela angama-800, izibini ezingama-1200, izibini ezingama-2400 ukuya kwizibini ezingama-3600. Emva kokuba ezi ntambo zocingo ezigqunyiweyo okanye izibini zifakwe kwiintambo (okanye zifakwe kwikheyibhile ngokwamaqela amaxesha amaninzi), kukho iingxaki ezimbini: enye kukuba imilo ayingqukuva, kwaye enye kukuba kukho izikhewu ezinkulu phakathi kweengcingo ezigqunyiweyo. Ngoko ke, isakhiwo sokuzalisa kufuneka songezwe ngexesha le-cabling. Isakhiwo sokuzalisa kukwenza ububanzi bangaphandle be-cabling bujikeleze ngokulinganayo, okulungele ukusonga kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-sheath, kunye nokwenza ukuba isakhiwo sekhebula sizinzile kwaye ingaphakathi lomelele. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa (xa ulula, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokugoba ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokubeka), amandla asetyenziswa ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokulimaza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekhebula. Ngoko ke, nangona isakhiwo sokuzaliswa sisakhiwo esincedisayo, sikwayimfuneko, kwaye kukho imimiselo ecacileyo malunga nokukhethwa kwayo kwezinto kunye nokuyila imilo.
Izixhobo zokuzalisa ikhebula: Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifayili zeentambo ziquka i-polypropylene tape, intambo yePP engalukwanga, intambo ye-hemp, okanye izinto ezingabizi kakhulu ezenziwe kwirabha esetyenzisiweyo. Ukuze isetyenziswe njengento yokuzalisa ikhebula, kufuneka ibe neempawu zokungabangeli iziphumo ezibi kwi-core cable ye-insulated, ingabi yi-hygroscopic ngokwayo, ingabikho kwi-shrinkage kunye ne-corroding.
6. Ukuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Izinto ezinqabileyo
Iingcingo zemveli kunye neemveliso zentambo zixhomekeke kumaleko wesikrweqe wesheath ukuze zimelane nemikhosi yangaphandle okanye i-tensile force ebangelwa bubunzima bazo. Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo sisixhobo seteyiphu yentsimbi kunye nocingo lwentsimbi (umzekelo, kwiintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, iingcingo zentsimbi ezishinyeneyo ezinobubanzi obuyi-8mm ziyasetyenziswa kwaye zijijewe ukwenza umaleko wesikrweqe). Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kukhuselwe iintsinga zamehlo ukusuka kumandla amancinci kunye nokuthintela ukuguquka okuncinci kweentsinga ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kokuhanjiswa, isakhiwo sentambo ye-fiber optical sixhotyiswe nge-primary and second cladding kunye nezixhobo ezizinikeleyo zamandla. Ukongeza, ukuba intambo ye-headphone yefowuni ephathwayo ithatha isakhiwo apho ucingo olucolekileyo lobhedu okanye iteyiphu yobhedu ebhityileyo ijikelezwe ngeefilaments zokwenziwa kwaye umaleko okhuselayo ukhutshelwe ngaphandle, le filament yokwenziwa yinto ebambekayo. Ukuqukumbela, kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo, ezincinci kunye nezithambileyo eziphuhliswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje ezifuna ukugoba okuninzi kunye nokujija ukusetyenziswa, izinto eziguqukayo zidlala indima enkulu.
Ziziphi izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kumacandelo e-cable tensile: iintambo zetsimbi, iingcingo zetsimbi, kunye ne-stainless steel foils
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-25-2025