Kwimimandla egutyungelwe ngumkhenkce nekhephu, ukukhethwa kwentambo enye kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yamandla yonke. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu zasebusika, iintambo ze-PVC ezisemgangathweni kunye neentambo ze-PVC sheath zinokuba buthathaka, ziqhekeke lula, kwaye zinciphise ukusebenza kombane, nto leyo enokubangela ukungaphumeleli okanye iingozi zokhuseleko. Ngokwe-Power Engineering Cable Design Standard, iindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu aphantsi onyaka angaphantsi kwe--15°C zifuna iintambo eziphantsi zobushushu, ngelixa iindawo ezingaphantsi kwe--25°C zifuna iintambo zamandla ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukubanda, iintambo ezikhuselweyo, okanye iintambo ezikhuselweyo zentsimbi.
1. Impembelelo yoMkhuhlane oMkhulu kwiintambo
Iintambo ezikwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi zijongene nemingeni emininzi. Ukuqhekeka kobushushu obuphantsi yeyona ngxaki ithe ngqo. Iintambo zombane ezisemgangathweni ezine-PVC zilahlekelwa bukuguquguquka, ziyaqhekeka xa zigobile, kwaye zisenokungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezinzima. Izinto zokuvala ubushushu, ingakumbi i-PVC, zinokonakala, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zokuhambisa isignali okanye ukuvuza kombane. Iintambo ezixhonyiweyo, kuquka iintambo ezixhonyiweyo zentsimbi, zifuna amaqondo obushushu okufakelwa angaphezu kwe--10°C, ngelixa iintambo zombane ezingezozoxhonyiweyo zineemfuno ezingqongqo ngakumbi.I-XLPEIintambo ezifakwe i-insulation, iintambo ezifakwe i-PE-sheathed, kunye neentambo ezifakwe i-LSZH-sheathed kufuneka zilungiswe kwangaphambili kwindawo eshushu ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 kwi-≥15°C ngaphambi kokufakwa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kakuhle.
2. Ukuqonda iiKhowudi zeModeli yeCable
Ukukhetha intambo efanelekileyo kuqala ngokuqonda ikhowudi yayo yomzekelo, ebonisa uhlobo lwentambo, izinto ezisetyenziswa yi-conductor, i-insulation, i-inner sheath, isakhiwo, i-outer sheath, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo.
Izinto zokuqhuba: Ii-copper cores (“T”) zikhethwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo ukuze kube nokuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu obuphantsi. Ii-aluminium cores ziphawulwe ngo-“L.”
Izixhobo zokuvala ubushushu: V (PVC), YJ (XLPE), X (Rabha). Iintambo ze-XLPE (YJ) kunye nerabha ezifakwe ubushushu zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi.
Izinto zeSheath: I-PVC inemida yobushushu obuphantsi. Iisheath ze-PE, i-PUR (i-polyurethane), i-PTFE (i-Teflon), kunye ne-LSZH zibonelela ngokumelana ngcono nokubanda kwiintambo zamandla, iintambo zokulawula, kunye neentambo ze-voltage ephantsi.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo: TH (tropical wet), TA (tropical dry), ZR (flame-retardant), NH (fire-resistant) zinokuba luncedo. Ezinye iintambo ezixhonyiweyo okanye zokulawula nazo zingasebenzisaIteyiphu yeMylar or Itheyiphu yeMylar yeFoyile yeAluminiyamukwahlula, ukuzikhusela, okanye ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo loomatshini.
3. Ukukhethwa kweCable ngokweqondo lobushushu
Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibandayo zifuna ukuhambelana kwezinto zekhebula kunye nolwakhiwo ukuthintela ukusilela kwenkqubo:
> -15°C: Iintambo zombane ezisemgangathweni ezineesheya zePVC zingasetyenziswa, kodwa ukufakelwa kufuneka kube >0°C. Ubushushu: PVC, PE, XLPE.
> -30°C: Izinto zesheya mazibandakanye i-PE, i-PVC engangeni kubanda, okanye iisheya ze-nitrile composite. Ubushushu: PE, XLPE. Ubushushu bokufakelwa ≥ -10°C.
< -40°C: Izinto zesingxobo kufuneka zibe yi-PE, i-PUR, okanye i-PTFE. Ubushushu bokufakelwa: PE, XLPE. Ubushushu bokufakelwa ≥ -20°C. Iintambo ezixhonyiweyo, iintambo ezixhonyiweyo zentsimbi, kunye neentambo ezigqunywe nge-LSZH zikhethwa kakhulu ukuze zithembeke kakhulu.
4. Ukufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa
Ukufakelwa kwentambo enganyangekiyo nokubanda kufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo. Ukufudumeza iintambo kubalulekile xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwemida ecetyiswayo: 5–10°C (~iintsuku ezi-3), 25°C (~usuku olu-1), 40°C (~iiyure ezili-18). Ukufakelwa kufuneka kugqitywe zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-2 emva kokushiya indawo yokugcina eshushu. Phatha iintambo ngobunono, kuphephe ukuwa, kwaye uqinise ukugoba, imithambeka, okanye iindawo zoxinzelelo. Hlola zonke iintambo emva kokufakelwa, kuquka iintambo ezixhonyiweyo, ukuba azinamonakalo na kwisingxobo, imifantu, okanye iingxaki zobushushu. Sebenzisa iMylar Tape okanye iAluminium Foil Mylar Tape njengoko kufuneka ukuzikhusela okanye ukwahlula kwiintambo zesignali kunye nezombane.
5. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngokubanzi
Ngaphandle kobushushu, qwalasela ezi zinto xa ukhetha iintambo ezimelana nokubanda:
Indawo yoFakelo: Ukungcwaba ngqo, umsele wentambo, okanye itreyi kuchaphazela ukusasazeka kobushushu kunye nokukhuselwa koomatshini. Iishelufu ze-PE, PUR, PTFE, kunye ne-LSZH mazifaniswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimfuneko zamandla kunye neSignali: Vavanya umlinganiselo we-voltage, amandla okuthwala umbane, ukuthembeka kwesignali, kunye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka. I-Aluminium Foil Mylar Tape inokufuneka ukuze kukhuselwe iintambo ze-voltage ephantsi, ulawulo, okanye izixhobo.
Iimfuneko zeZithinteli-langatye neziMelana nomlilo: I-ZR, i-NH, kunye ne-WDZ (engenamsi uphantsi) zinokufuneka kwiindawo zangaphakathi, kwitonela, okanye ezivalekileyo.
Uqoqosho kunye nobomi bonke: Iintambo ezikhuselweyo ze-XLPE, PE, PUR, PTFE, armored, okanye zentsimbi ezimelana nokubanda zineendleko eziphezulu zangaphambili kodwa zinciphisa ukutshintshwa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi ngenxa yomonakalo ophantsi kobushushu.
Ukukhetha izixhobo zekhebula ezifanelekileyo ezimelana nokubanda, kuquka i-PVC, i-XLPE, i-PE, i-PUR, i-PTFE, i-LSZH, iintambo ze-armored, kunye ne-steel tape armored, kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yamandla, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide kwiimeko ezinzima zasebusika. Ukukhetha ikhebula ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuzinzeni kwamandla kodwa nakukhuseleko lombane ngokubanzi.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-21-2025